PPS submachine gun

PPS
PPS-43 with stock extended
Type	Submachine Gun
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
In service	1942–present
Used by	See Users
Production history
Designer	A. I. Sudayev
Designed	1942
Produced	1942–1968 (USSR)
Variants	PPS-42, PPS-43, M/44, PPS wz. 1943/1952, Type 43
Specifications
Mass	PPS-42: Template:Kg to lb PPS-43: 3.04 kg (6.7 lb)
Length	PPS-42: Template:Mm to in stock extended / 641 mm (25.2 in) stock folded PPS-43: 820 mm (32.3 in) stock extended / 615 mm (24.2 in) stock folded
Barrel length	PPS-42: 273 mm (10.7 in) PPS-43: 243 mm (9.6 in)
Cartridge	7.62x25mm Tokarev
Action	Blowback, open bolt
Rate of fire	600 rounds/min (cyclic rate) 100 rounds/min (effective rate)
Muzzle velocity	Approx. 500 m/s (1,640 ft/s)
Effective firing range	100 m
Maximum firing range	200 m
Feed system	35-round detachable box magazine
Sights	Flip rear sight, fixed blade front sight

The PPS (Russian: ППС - "Пистолет-пулемёт Судаева" or "Pistolet-pulemjot Sudaeva", in English: "Sudaev's submachine-gun") was a family of Soviet submachine guns chambered in 7.62x25mm Tokarev, developed by Alexei Sudayev as a low-cost personal defense weapon for reconnaissance units, vehicle crews and support service personnel.

The PPS and its variants were used extensively by the Red Army during World War II and were later adopted by the armed forces of several countries of the former Warsaw Pact as well as its many African and Asian allies.

History

The PPS was created in response to a Red Army requirement for a compact and lightweight weapon that would provide similar accuracy and firepower (with a reduced rate of fire) while utilizing more cost-effective means of production than the Soviet PPSh-41 submachine gun being widely deployed at the time. During the design phase, emphasis was placed on simplifying the production process and eliminating most machining operations; sheet-steel stamping was selected to make most of the weapon's parts. These cost-saving measures reduced the amount of machined components to a bare minimum, cutting down machining time by more than half (2.7 hours of machining required to complete a PPS as opposed to 7.3 hours for the PPSh-41). Savings of over 50% were also noted in terms of raw steel usage (6.2 kg instead of 13.9 kg) and the number of workers required to fabricate the individual components and conduct final assembly of the weapon.

Prototypes were evaluated successfully during the spring of 1942, after which the firearm was accepted into service later that year as the PPS-42 (Russian: Пистолет-пулемёт Судаева—ППС or Pistolet Pulemyot Sudayeva model of 1942). The weapon was thrust into small-scale production during the Siege of Leningrad, however mass production did not commence until early 1943 at the Sestroryetsk Arsenal (over 45,000 weapons were produced before being replaced by the improved PPS-43). The improvements to production efficiency allowed the Soviets to increase monthly submachine gun output from 135,000 units to 350,000 weapons.

Design details

Operating mechanism

The PPS was an automatic blowback-operated weapon that fired from an open bolt. The bolt was cylindrical in shape and contained a spring-loaded claw extractor, which pulled the empty case out of the chamber and passed it to the fixed ejector housed in the lower receiver. The charging handle was integral to the bolt and was located on the right side; it would reciprocate during firing. The PPS originally had a fixed but replaceable firing pin, held in place by the extractor spring. Pulling the trigger released the bolt, which moved forward, stripping a round from the magazine, chambering it and striking the primer in one motion.

Features

The PPS had a trigger mechanism that allowed only fully automatic fire and a manual safety that secured the against accidental discharges. When in the "safe" position (engaged by sliding a metal bar forward of the trigger guard), both the bolt and trigger were disabled.

The weapon was fed from curved 35-round box magazines that did not interchange with magazines used in the PPSh-41; nor could the gun use drum magazines. It was chambered for the 7.62x25mm Tokarev M1930 pistol cartridge.

The submachine gun's rifled barrel (with 4 right-hand grooves) was mounted in a perforated sheet metal heat guard and was equipped with a crude muzzle brake, consisting of a strip of steel bent into a U-shape that deflected exiting muzzle gases to the sides and backwards, thus compensating for recoil.

A folding stock was attached to the receiver with a spring-loaded catch button on the left side. The stock folded up and over the receiver top cover and the weapon could be fired in this arrangement. The submachine gun also had a pistol grip but was not provided with a forward grip as the magazine well was intended to fulfill this role. The PPS was usually supplied with two magazine pouches, an oil bottle, bore brush and sling.

Sights

The PPS was fitted with a set of open-type iron sights consisting of a fixed front post protected from impact by two sheet metal plates and a flip rear sight with two pivoting notches, for firing at 100 and 200 m.

Variants

A Chinese-made Type 54 variant.

Towards the middle of 1943 the modernized PPS-43 entered production; efforts were made to improve manufacturing and safety. The ventilated heat shield was integrated with the upper receiver cover, both the barrel and shoulder stock were shortened, the stock's locking mechanism was simplified, the casing ejector was moved to the rear of the recoil spring guide rod, the magazine well angle was increased in the receiver in order to enhance feeding reliability and the safety was improved to block the trigger and lock the bolt in either the open or closed positions.

Outside of the Soviet Union, the PPS was license-produced in Poland (from 1948) and the People's Republic of China (Type 54). Several variants were made based on the PPS-43, including a training version built in Poland, chambered for the .22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge (fed using standard PPS-43 magazines but modified with an aluminum reduction insert) and the Finnish M/44 submachine gun. The M/44 was a modified copy with minor differences to the original PPS-43. It fired the 9x19mm Parabellum pistol round and accepted box magazines from the Carl Gustav SMG or drum magazines from the Suomi M/31.

In the early 1950s Poland developed a modified version of the PPS-43, known as the PPS wz. 1943/1952 that replaced the folding metal stock with a fixed wooden buttstock. This was mounted to the receiver end plate using two inserts and the receiver take-down hook was bent downwards to accommodate the change. The buttstock has a compartment carved inside of it that contains a standard cleaning kit; the side of the butt has a sling loop. This modification was meant to increase the accuracy of the PPS submachine gun, but minimal gains in accuracy were offset by the increase in weight and size of the PPS wz. 43/52 in comparison to the original PPS-43. Between 1952–1955, the Łucznik Arms Factory in Radom built approximately 111,000 PPS submachine guns.

In 1953, the West German border guards (Bundesgrenzschutz) adopted the Spanish-made DUX-53 and DUX-59 submachine guns, copied from the PPS-43 by way of the Finnish M/44. The Vietnamese K-50M also borrowed elements from the PPS design, while in the 1950s, Hungary combined basic features of the PPS-43 with the bolt safety of the PPSh-41 in the unsuccessful M53.

Users

• Cambodia
• China: Made unlicensed copies under the designation Type 54.
• Finland
• North Korea: Used both Soviet PPS submachine guns and Chinese Type 54s.
• Poland: First acquired in 1943 and used on the Eastern Front by the Polish Peoples Army. In 1946 production of the submachine gun was undertaken at the H. Cegielski factory in Poznań. Later, production was extended to the Łucznik Arms Factory and Wifama manufacturing conglomerate and would continue until 1970. The weapon remained in service with the armed forces and police units until 1980, when it was replaced by the AKM assault rifle.
• Soviet Union
• Ukraine
• Vietnam

See also

• List of Russian weaponry

Bibliography

Ezell, Edward Clinton (1986). The AK47 Story: Evolution of the Kalashnikov Weapons. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0811709163. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

• Template:Pl icon Woźniak, Ryszard (2001). Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 3 M-P. Warsaw, Poland: Bellona. ISBN 83-11-09149-8. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

External links

• Modern Firearms