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'''Typhoon Megi''' (international designation: '''1013''', [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]] designation: '''15W''', [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|PAGASA]] name: '''Juan''') is<!-- was a --> currently<!-- remove currently after the storm dissipates --> a severe typhoon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/currwx/tc_pos.htm |title=Severe Typhoon MEGI
'''Typhoon Megi''' (international designation: '''1013''', [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center|JTWC]] designation: '''15W''', [[Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration|PAGASA]] name: '''Juan''') is<!-- was a --> currently<!-- remove currently after the storm dissipates --> a severe typhoon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hko.gov.hk/wxinfo/currwx/tc_pos.htm |title=Severe Typhoon MEGI
at 20:00 HKT 19 October 2010 |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|date= |accessdate=2010-10-19}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/17/c_13561519.htm |title=Philippines ready to face super typhoon Megi |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref> in the [[2010 Pacific typhoon season]]. The name "Megi" means "catfish" in the [[Korean language]].<ref name="megicatfish">{{cite web|title=China warns Megi will be year's strongest typhoon|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1087613/1/.html|publisher=ASIA PACIFIC NEWS|accessdate=17 Oct 2010}}</ref> It is the first typhoon of 2010 in the [[Pacific Basin]] to achieve "Super Typhoon" status, and the first in the Western Pacific since [[2009 Pacific typhoon season#Typhoon Nida (Vinta)|Nida]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|last=Erdman |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/typhoon-megi-philippines_2010-10-15 |title=Super Typhoon Megi Eyes Philippines |publisher=weather.com |date=2009-06-17 |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref> With a minimum pressure of 885 millibars, it is among the [[List of tropical cyclones|most intense tropical cyclones ever recorded]].<ref name="JMAPEAK">{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5tYkiutmm|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 2010-10-18 00z|date=2010-10-18|publisher=Japan Meterological Agency|accessdate=2010-10-28}}</ref> It made landfall early on October 18 in northeastern [[Luzon]] at [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]], becoming one of the strongest storms in recorded history to make landfall anywhere in the world.<!-- see pagasa website for details -->
at 20:00 HKT 19 October 2010 |publisher=Hong Kong Observatory|date= |accessdate=2010-10-19}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2010-10/17/c_13561519.htm |title=Philippines ready to face super typhoon Megi |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref> in the [[2010 Pacific typhoon season]]. The name "Megi" means "catfish" in the [[Korean language]].<ref name="megicatfish">{{cite web|title=China warns Megi will be year's strongest typhoon|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/afp_asiapacific/view/1087613/1/.html|publisher=ASIA PACIFIC NEWS|accessdate=17 Oct 2010}}</ref> It is the first typhoon of 2010 in the [[Pacific Basin]] to achieve "Super Typhoon" status, and the first in the Western Pacific since [[2009 Pacific typhoon season#Typhoon Nida (Vinta)|Nida]] in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|last=Erdman |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/weather-news/news/articles/typhoon-megi-philippines_2010-10-15 |title=Super Typhoon Megi Eyes Philippines |publisher=weather.com |date=2009-06-17 |accessdate=2010-10-18}}</ref> With a minimum pressure of 885 millibars, it is among the [[List of the most intense tropical cyclones|most intense tropical cyclones ever recorded]].<ref name="JMAPEAK">{{cite web|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5tYkiutmm|title=JMA Tropical Cyclone Advisory 2010-10-18 00z|date=2010-10-18|publisher=Japan Meterological Agency|accessdate=2010-10-28}}</ref> It made landfall early on October 18 in northeastern [[Luzon]] at [[Sierra Madre (Philippines)|Sierra Madre]], becoming one of the strongest storms in recorded history to make landfall anywhere in the world.<!-- see pagasa website for details -->


==Meteorological history==
==Meteorological history==

Revision as of 16:59, 19 October 2010

Typhoon Megi
Violent typhoon (JMA scale)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Super Typhoon Megi at peak strength and approaching landfall on October 17, 2010
FormedOctober 12, 2010
DissipatedStill active
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 230 km/h (145 mph)
1-minute sustained: 305 km/h (190 mph)
Lowest pressure885 hPa (mbar); 26.13 inHg
Fatalities11 dead,[1] 9 injured[2]
Damage$34 million (2010 USD)
Areas affectedNorthern Philippines
Part of the 2010 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Megi (international designation: 1013, JTWC designation: 15W, PAGASA name: Juan) is currently a severe typhoon[3][4] in the 2010 Pacific typhoon season. The name "Megi" means "catfish" in the Korean language.[5] It is the first typhoon of 2010 in the Pacific Basin to achieve "Super Typhoon" status, and the first in the Western Pacific since Nida in 2009.[6] With a minimum pressure of 885 millibars, it is among the most intense tropical cyclones ever recorded.[7] It made landfall early on October 18 in northeastern Luzon at Sierra Madre, becoming one of the strongest storms in recorded history to make landfall anywhere in the world.

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Typhoon Megi was first identified by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) on October 12, 2010 as an area of disturbed weather roughly 90 km (55 mi) southeast of Guam. Radar imagery from the island depicted a developing area of low pressure and a surface circulation. Favorable environmental conditions, such as low wind shear, good upper-level divergence and poleward outflow.[8] The system quickly developed throughout the day, prompting the issuance of a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert by 0900 UTC.[9] Several hours later, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) began monitoring the low as a tropical depression.[10] Early on October 13, the JTWC also classified the system as a tropical depression, giving it the identifier 15W.[11] Hours later, well-defined convective banding features developed around the system and thunderstorm activity over the center of circulation increased. Sea surface temperatures of 28 °C (82 °F) and high oceanic heat content allowed for further strengthening. Situated to the southwest of a subtropical ridge, the system slowly tracked towards the west-northwest towards the Philippines.[12] Around 1200 UTC, the depression further intensified into a tropical storm, earning the name Megi from the JMA.[13]

Late on October 13, Tropical Storm Megi became quasi-stationary; however, a mid-latitude trough moving from the west would prompt the storm to resume a northwestward track.[14] Throughout the morning of October 14, a central dense overcast developed over the center of Megi, allowing for intensification. According to data from a hurricane hunter aircraft, the system had attained winds just below typhoon status and the barometric pressure had decreased to 986 mbar (hPa; 29.11 inHg) at 0436 UTC.[15] Later that day, an eye appeared on satellite imagery, resulting in the JTWC upgrading Megi to a minimal typhoon.[16]

Preparations

Philippines

October 16

New and modified warnings were issued for Luzon coast when the typhoon entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility at 01:00 am[17] with assumption that the typhoon would become a super-typhoon and may produce as much rain as Typhoon Ketsana in 2009[18][19] with the possibility of Magat Dam being filled.[20] As Typhoon Megi neared Luzon, the Philippine National Red Cross established centers for evacuees fleeing the typhoon.[21] The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) announced that they will start issuing public storm warning signals as early as Sunday or from a day before the typhoon's landfall with the expectation that the typhoon could make its final landfall on October 18.[22]

Megi approaching the Philippines

In response to orders from President Benigno Aquino III, PAGASA announced that they will be posting hourly tropical cyclone updates.[23] Inhabitants of the Isabela and Cagayan provinces have been advised to bring in their harvests before Megi arrives while fishing in the Ilocos region has been postponed as inhabitants of that region were advised to seek shelter.[24] Late on October 16, PAGASA issued Storm Signal 1 for Cagayan, Isabela, Babuyan and Calayan islands in the northern Philippines,[25] while President Aquino called for cooperation from all concerned government and private sector groups to prevent fatalities.[26]

October 17

Evacuations began with hundreds of people fleeing from Luzon[27][28] as Megi intensified into a super typhoon and Storm signal number 3 raised.[29] Over 18 provinces have been placed under alert for the typhoon as it approached the Philippines.[30] Cagayan province started experiencing the strong winds of typhoon Megi early on October 17.[31] Later on that day, all state schools and colleges were suspended.[32] PAGASA declared public storm warning number 4 announcing that over 7 million people could be affected.[33][34] The storm warning was later raised to the highest level over Cagayan and Isabela[35] as tropical storm force winds began blowing throughout Cagayan province.[36]

People's Republic of China

October 17

China began preparing for Super Typhoon Megi when it intensified to a Category 5 typhoon, by issuing an orange alert to local authorities and advising all vessels to return to port.[37] Landfall is expected to occur between Hong Kong and Hainan province.[38]

October 18

Evacuation of coastal residents began[39] as authorities issued disaster warnings and urgent advice to local officials in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces to prepare for relief operations.[40]

October 19

The government ordered all fishing vessels to return to port by midnight Tuesday as Typhoon Megi entered the South China Sea where authorities estimate 5-7 metre high waves with up to 1,000 millimeters rain forecast.[41]

Hong Kong

The Hong Kong Observatory has been tracking the location of Megi and issuing advisories since 14 October 2010.

Vietnam

With Vietnam's central provinces still flooded from heavy rains earlier in the season, the country's National Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting issued an advisory regarding Megi on October 18. The advisory predicted strong winds and heavy sea movements along the Vietnamese coastline, and urged provincial authorities from northern Quang Ninh Province province down to southern Khanh Hoa Province to take preparatory measures.[42][43]

Impact

Philippines

Typhoon Megi within hours of making landfall in Luzon on 18 October

As the storm neared landfall, torrential rains fell across much of Luzon, resulting in flash flooding. One person drowned near Tuguegarao during the afternoon of October 18.[44] Later, the storm made landfall at Sierra Madre, Luzon, at 11:25 a.m. (local time).[45][46] Many flights bound for the northern Philippines were cancelled because of the impact of the typhoon. Cebu Pacific Air announced on Facebook that they cancelled all their flights from Manila.[47][48] With one person dead already, the president strictly ordered all government agencies to see that no other person dies in the typhoon.[49] It has been estimated that Philippines could lose over 600,000 metric tons of their rice crop as the Typhoon rampages across the country.[50][51] All state schools and colleges in Cagayan, the Ilocos and the Cordilleras were closed for the day in preparation.[52]

Many villagers in Cagayan rushed to high ground as the typhoon made landfall, while in some parts of Luzon severe rain caused flash floods.[53] Over 1,000 people are stranded among different port terminals of Luzon as a total of 55 vessels were out of service due to typhoon restrictions. Two more people have been injured in the typhoon.[54] The Philippine Red Cross sent a water search and rescue (WASAR) team to Cagayan in order to rescue as many people as possible.[55] Late on October 18, the Isabela province was placed under a state of calamity when the typhoon finished its final landfall and moved further inland.[56] Two more Air Philippines flights were cancelled due to the typhoon.[57] Communication lines in Cagayan and Isabela were down during the typhoon and it was said that it would take five days to restore them.[58] Another person was confirmed dead in the flash floods caused by the typhoon.[59] UNICEF started monitoring the event and they said they would respond whenever necessary.[60] A child was electrocuted when he stepped on a live wire from a fallen post while he followed his father, who did not know that his son was following him, later on that day.[61] The typhoon swept through most of the agricultural areas in the northern Philippines, badly damaging the rice crops. Isabela and Cagayan, which were placed under storm signal number 4, were among the largest rice produces of the Philippines.[62] However, The National Food Authority (NFA) assured the public that they have enough rice in warehouses, allaying fears of rice shortage in the next few weeks.[63] There was zero visibility for hours on October 18.[64] It was also reported that thousands of residents turned out to be homeless as the typhoon winds uprooted trees in these provinces and the roofs of the houses were blown away by the wind.[65][66] PAGASA lowered storm signals as the typhoon weakened when it slammed into the mountains in northern luzon. This meant there were no provinces placed under storm signal 4.[67]

Many roads in Luzon remained closed as of October 18.[68] An additional 3 people have died in the typhoon raising death toll to 5.[69] It has been reported that a total of 3,687 individuals from northern Philippines have been evacuated.[70] Many bus trips for Cagayan and Isabela were cancelled because the typhoon conditions caused discomfort for tourists.[71] Power lines hve been dropped putting parts of Luzon in darknes. Visibility is low and it has become difficult to move around.[72] An additional 4 people were injured bringing the total number of causalities to 6. After that, three more people have died leaving there injured resulting in 7 deaths and 9 casualties. Since then more reports arrived that over 10 people were now confirmed dead in Luzon.[2][73] It was estimated that over 90% of the telecommunications in Luzon were lost when the lines were dropped due to poles being knocked down.[74] The evacuees rushed into school buildings and town halls that were turned into evacuation centers. Thousands of military reserve officers and volunteers were on standby, along with helicopters. A retired army general described the action as "preparing for war".[75] It is likely that the survivors of the typhoon will have to face another deadly encounter, a disease outbreak. Survivors could die due to uncollected debris, unsanitary living conditions and stagnant water.[76]

The president has said that he is pleased with the governments response in battling the world's strongest typhoon in 2010.[77] In National Capital Region, at 11am (0300 UTC) different elementary and high schools suspended their classes due to heavy rains and strong winds that brought by typhoon Megi. In Metro Manila, classes in all levels were suspended, even on October 19 as tropical storm force winds continued to batter the city.[78] The United Nations have vowed that they will be helping Philippines in recovering from the typhoon.[79][80] Flights were gradually restored as the typhoon slowly moved away from the country.[81] It has been confirmed that huge amounts of rice and corn were lost. The Nation estimated their agricultural losses reaching US$34 million.[82][83] Another person was killed in a lightning strike increasing the death toll to 11, although the president was happy because the storm being a super typhoon didn't cause much life loss as compared to Typhoon Basyang and Tropical Storm Ondoy.[1][84]

Late on October 19, parts of Luzon were still experiencing heavy tropical storm force winds and power outages continued putting the nation's largest island in darkness.[85]

Records

On October 17, it became the first tropical cyclone to have a pressure below 900 millibars since Hurricane Wilma in 2005.[86] Later that day, it became the first tropical cyclone since Hurricane Allen in 1980 to have one-minute sustained winds of 190-mph. Early on October 18, the JMA reported that 10-minute sustained winds had increased to 230 km/h (145 mph), making Megi one of three storms to attain this intensity, after Super Typhoon Bess (1982) and Super Typhoon Tip (1979). When it made landfall on October 18, it became one of the strongest tropical cyclones recorded to make landfall. Megi was the strongest typhoon to hit the Philippines in four years.[87] Typhoon Megi is larger and stronger than Hurricane Katrina, which devastated New Orleans in 2005.[88]

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