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| height = {{height|m=1.83|precision=0}}<ref name="dailymail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2018148/Anders-Behring-Breivik-posted-YouTube-video-hours-Norway-terror-attacks.html?iMail Online: Anders Behring Breivik posted YouTube video six hours before Norway terror attacks] Retrieved 2011-07-24</ref>
| height = {{height|m=1.83|precision=0}}<ref name="dailymail">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2018148/Anders-Behring-Breivik-posted-YouTube-video-hours-Norway-terror-attacks.html?iMail Online: Anders Behring Breivik posted YouTube video six hours before Norway terror attacks] Retrieved 2011-07-24</ref>
}}
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'''Anders Behring Breivik''' (born 13 February 1979)<ref name="Birthday">[http://www.birthday.no/sok/?f=Anders&l=Behring%20Breivik Birthday.no: Birthday of Anders Behring Breivik] Retrieved 2011-07-24</ref> is a [[Norway|Norwegian]] citizen and the self-admitted<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skynews.com.au/topstories/article.aspx?id=641833&vId= |title=Norway suspect admits responsibility |publisher=Sky News |date= |accessdate=2011-07-24}}</ref> perpetrator of the [[2011 Norway attacks]]. Police believe he acted alone but have not ruled out the possibility of an accomplice.<ref>{{cite news | location = NO | url= http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/anders-32-i-oslo-ble-paagrepet-etter-bombe-og-massedrap-3544629.html |title=Anders Behring Breivik (32) i Oslo ble pågrepet etter bombe og massedrap | publisher= [[TV 2 (Norway)|TV 2]] | date = | accessdate = 22 July 2011 |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name=named-suspect>{{cite news | location = UK | title=Norwegian massacre gunman was a right-wing extremist who hated Muslims |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2017851/Named-The-blond-Norwegian-32-arrested-holiday-island-massacre-linked-Oslo-bomb-blasts.html | accessdate= 22 July 2011 | newspaper= Daily Mail | date= 22 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="VG-perp">{{cite news |url= http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080610 | title = Pågrepet 32-åring kalte seg selv nasjonalistisk |work=[[Verdens Gang]] |date= | accessdate = 22 July 2011 | language= Norwegian}}{{Verify source|date=July 2011}}</ref> His anti-[[Multiculturalism|multiculturalist]] and right-wing [[militant]] ideologies were exposed in an online 1516-page manifesto ''"2083 &ndash; A European Declaration of Independence"''<ref name="Breivik 2011">{{cite book|title=2083 – A European Declaration of Independence|author=Andrew Berwick ([[Anders Behring Breivik]])||year=2011|date=2011, Jul. 22|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/60744006/2083-a-European-Declaration-of-Independence}}</ref> published the day of the attacks<ref name="suspect wanted"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7724781|title=Sendte ut ideologisk bokmanus en time før bomben|last=Kumano-Ensby|first=Anne Linn|date=23 July 2011|work=NRK News|language=Norwegian|accessdate=23 July 2011}}</ref> under the pseudonym Andrew Berwick.<ref name="suspect wanted">{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/07/24/general-eu-norway-explosion_8581470.html|agency=Associated Press|title=
'''Anders Behring Breivik''' (born 13 February 1979)<ref name="Birthday">[http://www.birthday.no/sok/?f=Anders&l=Behring%20Breivik Birthday.no: Birthday of Anders Behring Breivik] Retrieved 2011-07-24</ref> is a [[Norway|Norwegian]] citizen and the self-admitted<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skynews.com.au/topstories/article.aspx?id=641833&vId= |title=Norway suspect admits responsibility |publisher=Sky News |date= |accessdate=2011-07-24}}</ref> perpetrator of the [[2011 Norway attacks]]. Police believe he acted alone but have not ruled out the possibility of an accomplice.<ref>{{cite news | location = NO | url= http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/anders-32-i-oslo-ble-paagrepet-etter-bombe-og-massedrap-3544629.html |title=Anders Behring Breivik (32) i Oslo ble pågrepet etter bombe og massedrap | publisher= [[TV 2 (Norway)|TV 2]] | date = | accessdate = 22 July 2011 |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name=named-suspect>{{cite news | location = UK | title=Norwegian massacre gunman was a right-wing extremist who hated Muslims |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2017851/Named-The-blond-Norwegian-32-arrested-holiday-island-massacre-linked-Oslo-bomb-blasts.html | accessdate= 22 July 2011 | newspaper= Daily Mail | date= 22 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="VG-perp">{{cite news |url= http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080610 | title = Pågrepet 32-åring kalte seg selv nasjonalistisk |work=[[Verdens Gang]] |date= | accessdate = 22 July 2011 | language= Norwegian}}{{Verify source|date=July 2011}}</ref> His anti-[[Multiculturalism|multiculturalist]] and right-wing [[militant]] ideologies were outlined in an online 1516-page manifesto titled, ''2083 &ndash; A European Declaration of Independence'',<ref name="Breivik 2011">{{cite book|title=2083 – A European Declaration of Independence|author=Andrew Berwick ([[Anders Behring Breivik]])||year=2011|date=2011, Jul. 22|url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/60744006/2083-a-European-Declaration-of-Independence}}</ref> published the day of the attacks<ref name="suspect wanted"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7724781|title=Sendte ut ideologisk bokmanus en time før bomben|last=Kumano-Ensby|first=Anne Linn|date=23 July 2011|work=NRK News|language=Norwegian|accessdate=23 July 2011}}</ref> under the pseudonym Andrew Berwick.<ref name="suspect wanted">{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/07/24/general-eu-norway-explosion_8581470.html|agency=Associated Press|title=
Lawyer: Norway suspect wanted a revolution|author=Bjoern Amland and Sarah Dilorenzo|date=July 24, 2011|accessdate=July 24, 2011|work=Forbes}}</ref>
Lawyer: Norway suspect wanted a revolution|author=Bjoern Amland and Sarah Dilorenzo|date=July 24, 2011|accessdate=July 24, 2011|work=Forbes}}</ref>
He has described himself as "a real European hero", "the savior of Christianity" and "the greatest defender of cultural-conservatism in Europe since 1950".<ref>[http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7724894 Breivik forberedte terror i ni år]</ref>
He has described himself as "a real European hero", "the savior of Christianity" and "the greatest defender of cultural-conservatism in Europe since 1950".<ref>[http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7724894 Breivik forberedte terror i ni år]</ref>

Revision as of 15:02, 24 July 2011

Anders Behring Breivik
File:Anders Behring Breivik (Facebook portrait in suit).jpg
Anders Behring Breivik
Born (1979-02-13) 13 February 1979 (age 45)[1]
Other namesAndrew Berwick[2]
CitizenshipNorwegian[3]
EducationBusiness administration
OccupationBusinessman
Known for2011 Norway attacks
Height1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)[4]

Anders Behring Breivik (born 13 February 1979)[1] is a Norwegian citizen and the self-admitted[7] perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks. Police believe he acted alone but have not ruled out the possibility of an accomplice.[8][9][10] His anti-multiculturalist and right-wing militant ideologies were outlined in an online 1516-page manifesto titled, 2083 – A European Declaration of Independence,[11] published the day of the attacks[12][13] under the pseudonym Andrew Berwick.[12] He has described himself as "a real European hero", "the savior of Christianity" and "the greatest defender of cultural-conservatism in Europe since 1950".[14]

Attacks

Main article: 2011 Norway attacks

On 22 July 2011, Breivik allegedly approached a Labour Party youth camp on Utøya island, posing as a police officer, and then opened fire on the adolescents present, reportedly killing at least 82.[15][16] He has also been linked with the bomb blasts which had taken place approximately two hours earlier in Oslo, killing at least 11. He was arrested on Utøya, and is currently in police custody. Following his apprehension, Breivik was characterized by officials as being a right-wing extremist.[17]

According to Reuters and the BBC, deputy police chief Roger Andresen described Breivik as a "Christian fundamentalist"[6][5]. He was reportedly a former member of the conservative[18] Progress Party.[19] According to the newspaper Verdens Gang, he has no previous history with the police, apart from traffic violations.[10] According to the same source, Breivik has a Glock pistol, a rifle and a shotgun registered to his name. Breivik moved in late June or early July to the rural small town of Rena in Åmot, Hedmark county, about 140 km (86 miles) northeast of Oslo,[10] where he operated a farming sole proprietorship under the name "Breivik Geofarm".[20] According to Reuters, a farming supplier had sold to Breivik's company six tonnes of fertilizer in May.[21] Fertilizer can be used to produce fertilizer explosives.[10]

Beliefs

Politics

In his manifesto, Breivik describes himself as an economically liberal, revolutionary cultural conservative. [11] In his manifesto, Breivik also takes the odd stance of praising Osama Bin Laden, saying that his organizational abilities (structural and methodological abilities) would have placed him as second in command, directly under the prophet Mohammed, if only he had lived in the time of the prophet (page 1472). He is also a former member of the Progress Party (FrP), which promotes libertarian, conservative and right-wing populist viewpoints, and its youth wing FpU. According to current FpU leader Ove Vanebo, Breivik was active early in the 2000s, but left the party in 2007 as his viewpoints became more extreme.[22]

Influences

Breivik identified himself in a multitude of social media services as an admirer of, among others, Winston Churchill,[23] Max Manus,[23] and Dutch politician Geert Wilders, whose political party he described as "the only true party for conservatives".[24] On Twitter he paraphrased philosopher John Stuart Mill: "One person with a belief is equal to the force of 100,000 who have only interests".[a][10][25]

Ideas

Breivik is reported to have written many posts on the website document.no,[26] described by Aftenposten as "Islam-critical and Israel-friendly".[27] He also attended meetings of "Documents venner" (Friends of Document), affiliated with the website.[28] Dagens Næringsliv writes that Breivik sought to start a Norwegian version of the Tea Party movement in cooperation with the owners of document.no, but that they, after expressing initial interest, ultimately turned down his proposal because he did not have the contacts he promised.[29] Due to the media attention on his Internet activity following the 2011 attacks, document.no compiled a complete list of comments made by Breivik on its website between September 2009 and June 2010.[30][31][32]

Breivik penned a 1,500-page manifesto titled 2083 – A European Declaration of Independence,[11] under the pseudonym "Andrew Berwick", published in 2011. In the document he describes his background and discusses his political viewpoints.[33][34][35] "Berwick" details his preparation for the attacks including but not limited to; the preparation of ANFO, methods of acquisition of chemical precursors, and his mental state in the days leading up to the attacks. In the preface he says he devoted nine years of his life to writing the book, working full time during the last three.[3] The manifesto plagiarize substantial parts of the Unabomber manifesto with slightly altered passages. The alterations consists mainly of exchanging the words "leftists" for "cultural Marxists", and "black people" for "muslims".[36]

Breivik wanted to see Europe more similar to nations such as Japan and South Korea, which he said are “not far from cultural conservatism and nationalism at its best”.[37]

Six hours before the attacks, Breivik posted a YouTube video urging conservatives to "embrace martyrdom" and showing himself wearing a wetsuit and pointing a Ruger Mini 14.[38]

Personal life

His father was a Siviløkonom (Norwegian professional title, literally "civil economist"), who worked as a diplomat for the Royal Norwegian Embassy in London (and later Paris). His mother was a nurse. He has two half-brothers and two half-sisters, from the previous marriages of his parents. His parents divorced when he was one year old and his mother together with him and his half-sister moved from London back to Oslo.[3] Breivik grew up in the affluent west-end of Oslo. He attended Smestad Grammar School, Ris Junior High, Hartvig Nissen High School and Oslo Commerce School. He took online study courses on Small Business Management at American InterContinental University.[3] A former classmate has recalled that he was an intelligent student who often took care of people who were bullied.[39] A former co-worker has described him as an "exceptional colleague" without racist tendencies.[40] Breivik listed as one of his interests freemasonry, he was a Freemason[41] a member of St. John's Lodge in Oslo.[42] After the attacks, his lodge said he had only minimal contact with the lodge, and suspended his membership.[43] Breivik completed his service in the Norwegian Army,[44] and studied at the BI Norwegian School of Management.[45]

In late June or early July 2011, Breivik moved to the small rural town of Rena in Åmot, Hedmark county, about 140 km (86 miles) northeast of Oslo,[10] where he operated a farming sole proprietorship under the name "Breivik Geofarm".[20] There is speculation that he could have used the company as a cover to legally obtain large amounts of artificial fertilizer and other chemicals for the manufacturing of fertilizer explosives.[10] A farming supplier sold Breivik's company six tonnes of fertilizer in May.[21] In his manifesto he details how he used the company as a façade to acquire the chemicals without raising suspicion.[3]

Notes

a. ^ Mill's original line is: "One person with a belief is equal to ninety-nine who have only interests."

References

  1. ^ a b Birthday.no: Birthday of Anders Behring Breivik Retrieved 2011-07-24
  2. ^ Erlanger, Steven; Shane, Scott (23 July 2011). "Christian Extremist Charged in Norway". New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e "2083 — A European Declaration of Independence" (PDF). Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  4. ^ Online: Anders Behring Breivik posted YouTube video six hours before Norway terror attacks Retrieved 2011-07-24
  5. ^ a b "Scores killed in Norway attack". News. UK: BBC. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Norway police say 84 killed in Utoeya shooting". Reuters. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  7. ^ "Norway suspect admits responsibility". Sky News. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  8. ^ "Anders Behring Breivik (32) i Oslo ble pågrepet etter bombe og massedrap" (in Norwegian). NO: TV 2. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  9. ^ "Norwegian massacre gunman was a right-wing extremist who hated Muslims". Daily Mail. UK. 22 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g "Pågrepet 32-åring kalte seg selv nasjonalistisk". Verdens Gang (in Norwegian). Retrieved 22 July 2011.[verification needed]
  11. ^ a b c Andrew Berwick (Anders Behring Breivik) (2011, Jul. 22). 2083 – A European Declaration of Independence. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  12. ^ a b Bjoern Amland and Sarah Dilorenzo (24 July 2011). "Lawyer: Norway suspect wanted a revolution". Forbes. Associated Press. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  13. ^ Kumano-Ensby, Anne Linn (23 July 2011). "Sendte ut ideologisk bokmanus en time før bomben". NRK News (in Norwegian). Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  14. ^ Breivik forberedte terror i ni år
  15. ^ Ujala Sehgal (23 July 2011). "Profile: The Christian Extremist Suspect in Norway's Massacre". The Atlantic.
  16. ^ "Police: At least 80 killed in Norwegian youth camp shooting". News. UK: BBC. 23 July 2011.
  17. ^ Goodman, J. David (23 July 2011). "At Least 80 Are Dead in Norway Shooting". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  18. ^ Beaumont, Peter (23 July 2011). "Anders Behring Breivik: profile of a mass murderer". The Guardian. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  19. ^ "Norway killer attacked multicuturalism, Islam online". Reuters.
  20. ^ a b "Brønnøysundregistrene - Nøkkelopplysninger fra Enhetsregisteret". Brønnøysund Business Register (in Norwegian). NO: Ministry of Trade and Industry. 18 May 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  21. ^ a b "Oslo bomb suspect bought 6 tonnes fertiliser: supplier". Reuters. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  22. ^ Fondenes, Eivind (23 July 2011). "Terrorsiktede var tidligere medlem av Fremskrittspartiet". Nyhetene (in Norwegian). NO: TV 2. Retrieved 23 July 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ a b Poza, Pedro (23 July 2011). "El presunto autor, un noruego nacionalista vinculado a la extrema derecha". El Mundo (in Spanish). ES. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  24. ^ "Dader bloedbad bewondert Geert Wildersq". News (in Dutch). BE: HLN. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  25. ^ "Utøya-skytteren flyttet nylig til Hedmark" (in Norwegian). NO: Ostlendingen. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  26. ^ "32-åringen skal tilhøre høyreekstremt miljø - Norge" (in Norwegian). NO: NRK. 27 January 2010. Retrieved 23 July 2011. {{cite web}}: Text "work Nyheter" ignored (help)
  27. ^ Henmo, Ola (20 February 2009). "Dynamittgubben". Aftenposten, A-magasinet (in Template:No icon). p. 20. {{cite news}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  28. ^ (in Norwegian), NO: BT http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/--Som-en-liten-gutt-2542176.html {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  29. ^ , NO: DN http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article2188184.ece {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  30. ^ Breivik, Comments (in Norwegian), NO: Document
  31. ^ Breivik, Comments (in English and Web translation), NO: Document{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  32. ^ Breivik, Comments (in English and web translation), US: Document{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  33. ^ Katrandjian, Olivia. "Norway Attacks Suspect's Video Tells Conservatives 'Embrace Martyrdom' - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  34. ^ "Norwegian Terror Suspect Has 'Admitted Responsibility' For Attacks, Lawyer Says". FoxNews.com. 7 April 2010. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  35. ^ "Oslo Bombing: Anders Breivik Confesses to Releasing YouTube Video, 1,500 Page 'Declaration of Independence' - International Business Times". Ibtimes.com. 28 June 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  36. ^ Massedrapsmannen kopierte «Unabomberen» ord for ord
  37. ^ "Norway killings: Breivik posted hate-filled video on YouTube hours before attacks". The Daily Telegraph. July 24, 2011.
  38. ^ Terror suspect posted YouTube video calling followers to 'embrace martyrdom' six hours before attacks, Daily Mail
  39. ^ Bundgaard, Maria (23. jul. 2011 kl. 18:12), Skolekammerat: Han hjalp mobbeofre {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ Hansen, Anette Holth; Skille, Øyvind Bye, Han var en utmerket kollega (in Norwegian), NO {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |publsiher= ignored (|publisher= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ "Norway killer unknown to police, criticized Islam", Johan Ahlander. Victoria Klesty. Reuters. July 23, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011
  42. ^ "Frimurer Anders Behring". Tv2.no. Retrieved 24 July 2011.
  43. ^ Grøttum, Eva-Therese, "Frimurerordenen: - Terrorsiktet hadde minimal kontakt med oss", Nyheter, NO: VG
  44. ^ Traufetter, Gerald, "Blond, blauäugig, skrupellos", Der Spiegel, Oslo {{citation}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  45. ^ "Norway mourns twin attack victims". BBC. 24 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2011.

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