List of philosophers (I–Q): Difference between revisions
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* {{scnote|C| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in ''[[The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy]], (Second Edition)''. Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8}} |
* {{scnote|C| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in ''[[The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy]], (Second Edition)''. Cambridge University Press; 1999. ISBN 0-521-63722-8}} |
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* {{scnote|E| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the ''[[Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' (Second Edition). Martin Gale; 2006. ISBN 0-02-865780-2}} |
* {{scnote|E| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the ''[[Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'' (Second Edition). Martin Gale; 2006. ISBN 0-02-865780-2}} |
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* {{scnote|K| - For current academic research in English about this person's contribution to philosophy, see ''[[Karl Jaspers Society of North America]]'' and the journal ''[[Existenz (journal)|Existenz]]''}} |
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* {{scnote|O| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in ''[[The Oxford Companion to Philosophy]]''. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0}} |
* {{scnote|O| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in ''[[The Oxford Companion to Philosophy]]''. Oxford University Press; 1995. ISBN 0-19-866132-0}} |
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* {{scnote|R| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the ''[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''. Routledge; 1998. ISBN 978-0415073103}} |
* {{scnote|R| - For more information about this person's contribution to philosophy, see his/her entry in the ''[[Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]''. Routledge; 1998. ISBN 978-0415073103}} |
Revision as of 01:10, 28 July 2011
Template:Index of philosophy/header
Philosophers (and others important in the history of philosophy), listed alphabetically:
- Note: This list has a minimal criteria for inclusion and the relevance to philosophy of some individuals on the list is disputed.
I
- Iamblichus, (ca. 245 AD-ca. 325)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Yahya ibn Adi, (893-974)Template:Scref
- Ibn Arabi, (1164–1240)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ibn ar-Rawandi, (c. 910)Template:Scref
- Ibn Bajjah (or Avempace), (d. 1138)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ibn Daud (or Rabad I or Avendauth, or John of Spain), (1110–1180)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Abraham ibn Ezra, (1092/3-1167)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Moses ibn Ezra, (1070–1138)Template:Scref
- Ibn Falaquera, (1223–1290)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Solomon Ibn Gabirol, (1021–1058)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ibn Hazm, (994-1069)Template:Scref
- Ibn Kammuna, (1215–1284)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ibn Khaldun, (1332–1406)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ibn Masarra, (883-931)Template:Scref
- Ibn Miskawayh, (940-1030)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Bahya ibn Paquda, (1040–1110)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ibn Sabin, (1217–1268)Template:Scref
- Ibn Taymiya, (1263–1328)Template:Scref
- Samuel ibn Tibbon, (c. 1165-1232)Template:Scref
- Ibn Tufail, (1110–1185)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Joseph ibn Tzaddik, (c. 1149)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ivan Aleksandrovich Il'in, (1883–1954)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov, (1924–1979)Template:Scref
- Immanuel the Roman (c. 1270-c. 1330)Template:Scref
- Roman Ingarden, (1893–1970)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William Ralph Inge, (1860–1954)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- José Ingenieros, (1877–1925)Template:Scref
- Nae Ionescu, (1890–1940)Template:Scref
- Muhammad Iqbal, (1877–1938)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Luce Irigaray, (born 1930)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Terence Irwin, (born 1947)Template:Scref
- Isocrates, (436-338 BC)Template:Scref
- Isaac of Stella, (1105–1177)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Isaac Israeli, (c. 850-950)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ito Jinsai, (1627–1705)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Vyacheslav Ivanovich Ivanov, (1866–1949)Template:Scref
J
- Frank Jackson, (born 1943)Template:Scref
- Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, (1743–1819)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- James of Viterbo, (1255–1308)Template:Scref
- Henry James Sr., (1811–1882)Template:Scref
- William James, (1842–1910)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Vladimir Jankélévitch, (1903–1985)Template:Scref
- Karl Jaspers, (1883–1969)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- James Hopwood Jeans, (1877–1946)Template:Scref
- Thomas Jefferson, (1743–1826)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Richard C. Jeffrey, (1926–2002)Template:Scref
- William Stanley Jevons, (1835–1882)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Rudolf von Jhering, (1818–1892)Template:Scref
- Jinul (or Chinul), (1158–1210)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Joachim of Fiore, (1135–1201)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Friedrich Jodl, (1849–1914)Template:Scref
- John of Damascus, (c. 676-749)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John of Jandun, (1280–1328)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John of La Rochelle, (1190–1245)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John of Mirecourt, (c. 1345)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John of Paris, (1260–1306)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John of Salisbury, (c. 1115-1180)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John of St. Thomas (or Jean Poinsot), (1589–1644)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John of the Cross, (1542–1591)Template:Scref
- Alexander Bryan Johnson, (1786–1867)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Samuel Johnson, (1649–1703)Template:Scref
- Samuel Johnson, (1696–1772)Template:Scref
- Samuel Johnson, (1709–1784)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William Ernest Johnson, (1858–1931)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jørgen Jørgensen, (1894–1969)Template:Scref
- Théodore Simon Jouffroy, (1796–1842)Template:Scref
- Judah ben Moses of Rome (orJudah Romano), (1292–1330)Template:Scref
- Carl Jung, (1875–1961)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ernst Jünger, (1895–1998)Template:Scref
- Joachim Jungius, (1587–1657)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Justinian I, (483-565)Template:Scref
- Al-Juwayni, (1028–1085)Template:Scref
K
- Franz Kafka (1883–1924)Template:Scref
- Kaibara Ekiken (1630–1740)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Kang Youwei (1858–1927)Template:Scref
- Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Kao Tzu (c. 420 BC)Template:Scref
- David Kaplan (born 1933)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Mordecai Kaplan, (1881–1983)Template:Scref
- Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev (1850–1931)Template:Scref
- Lev Platonovich Karsavin (1882–1952)Template:Scref
- Joseph Kaspi (1279–1340) Template:Scref
- Walter Kaufmann (1921–1980)Template:Scref
- Karl Kautsky (1854–1938)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Khedrup Gelek Pelzang (1385–1438)Template:Scref
- Konstantin Kavelin (1818-1885)Template:Scref
- Bartholomew Keckermann (1571–1609)Template:Scref
- Hans Kelsen (1881–1973)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Norman Kemp Smith (1872–1958)Template:Scref
- Anthony Kenny (born 1931)Template:Scref
- Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Hermann Graf Keyserling (1880–1946)Template:Scref
- Aleksey Khomyakov (1804–1860)Template:Scref
- Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Richard Kilvington (1302–1361)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Robert Kilwardby (1215–1279)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jaegwon Kim (born 1934)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Al-Kindi, (801-873)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929–1968)Template:Scref
- Ivan Kireevsky (1806–1856)Template:Scref
- Patricia Kitcher (born 1948)Template:Scref
- Ludwig Klages (1872–1956)Template:Scref
- Heinrich von Kleist (1777–1811)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William Calvert Kneale (1906–1990)Template:Scref
- Martin Knutzen (1713–1751)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ko Hung (4th century)Template:Scref
- Kurt Koffa, (1886–1941)Template:Scref
- Wolfgang Köhler (1887–1967)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alexandre Kojève (1902–1968)Template:Scref
- Alejandro Korn (1860–1936)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Tadeusz Kotarbiński (1886–1981)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alexandre Koyre (1892–1964)Template:Scref
- Aleksei Aleksandrovich Kozlov (1831–1901)Template:Scref
- Karl Kraus (1874–1936)Template:Scref
- Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Georg Kreisel (born 1923)Template:Scref
- Saul Kripke (born 1940)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Julia Kristeva (born 1941)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nachman Krochmal (1785–1840)Template:Scref
- Leopold Kronecker (1823–1891)Template:Scref
- Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Felix Krueger (1874–1948)Template:Scref
- Thomas Samuel Kuhn (1922–1996)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Kūkai (774-835)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Kuki Shūzō (1888–1941)Template:Scref
- Oswald Külpe (1862–1915)Template:Scref
- Kumazawa Banzan (1619–1691)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Kuo Hsiang (or Guoxiang) (c. 312)Template:Scref
L
- Ernst Laas, (1837–1885)Template:Scref
- Lucien Laberthonnière, (1860–1932)Template:Scref
- Antonio Labriola, (1843–1904)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jean de La Bruyère, (1645–1696)Template:Scref
- Jacques Lacan, (1901–1981)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jules Lachelier, (1832–1918)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, (born 1940)Template:Scref
- Pierre Laffitte, (1823–1903)Template:Scref
- Louis de La Forge, (1632–1666)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Imre Lakatos, (1922–1974)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- André Lalande, (1867–1964)Template:Scref
- Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, (1744–1829)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Johann Heinrich Lambert, (1728–1777)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Hughes Felicité Robert de Lamennais, (1752–1854)Template:Scref
- Julien Offray de La Mettrie, (1709–1751)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- François de La Mothe Le Vayer, (1588–1672)Template:Scref
- Ludwig Landgrebe, (1902–1992)Template:Scref
- Friedrich Albert Lange, (1828–1875)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Susanne Langer, (1895–1985)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Lao Zi (or Lao Tzu), (4th century BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Isaac La Peyrère, (1596–1676)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pierre-Simon Laplace, (1749–1827)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin, (1870–1952)Template:Scref
- François de La Rochefoucauld, (1613–1680)Template:Scref
- Pierre Laromiguière, (1756–1837)Template:Scref
- Abdullah Laroui, (born 1935)Template:Scref
- Ferdinand Lassalle, (1825–1864)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Johann Kaspar Lavater, (1741–1801)Template:Scref
- Louis Lavelle, (1883–1951)Template:Scref
- Antoine Lavoisier, (1743–1794)Template:Scref
- Peter Lavrovitch Lavrov, (1823–1900)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William Law, (1686–1761)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jean Le Clerc, (1657–1737)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Michèle Le Dœuff, (born 1948)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Henri Lefebvre, (1901–1991)Template:Scref
- Antoine Le Grand, (1629–1699)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Keith Lehrer, (born 1936)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Gottfried Leibniz, (1646–1716)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Yeshayahu Leibowitz, (1903–1994)Template:Scref
- Vladimir Lenin, (1870–1924)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Leonardo da Vinci, (1452–1519)Template:Scref
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Leont'ev, (1831–1891)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Giacomo Leopardi, (1798–1837)Template:Scref
- Jules Lequier, (1814–1862)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pierre Leroux, (1798–1871)Template:Scref
- Edouard Louis Emmanuel Julien Le Roy, (1870–1954)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- René Le Senne, (1882–1954)Template:Scref
- Stanisław Leśniewski, (1886–1939)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, (1729–1781)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Leucippus, (5th century BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Emmanuel Levinas, (1906–1995)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Claude Lévi-Strauss, (born 1908)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, (1857–1939)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Kurt Lewin, (1890–1947)Template:Scref
- Clarence Irving Lewis, (1883–1964)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- C. S. Lewis, (1898–1963)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- David Kellogg Lewis, (1941–2001)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Li Ao, (722-841)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Liang Qichao (or Liang Ch'i-ch'ao), (1873–1929)Template:Scref
- Liang Sou-ming, (1893–1988)Template:Scref
- Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, (1742–1799)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Arthur Liebert, (1878–1946)Template:Scref
- Otto Liebmann, (1840–1912)Template:Scref
- Liezi (or Lieh Tzu), (c. 440 BC-c. 360 BC)Template:Scref
- Linji (or Lin Chi), (c. 810-867)Template:Scref
- Carolus Linnaeus, (1707–1778)Template:Scref
- Theodor Lipps, (1851–1914)Template:Scref
- Justus Lipsius, (1547–1606)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Émile Littré, (1801–1881)Template:Scref
- Liu Shaoqi (orLiu Shao-ch'i), (1898–1969)Template:Scref
- Liu Tsung-chou (or Ch'i-shan), (1578–1645)Template:Scref
- Genevieve Lloyd, (born 1941)Template:Scref
- Karl Nickerson Llywelyn, (1893–1962)Template:Scref
- Ramon Llull, (1235–1315)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Locke, (1632–1704)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alfred Loisy, (1857–1940)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Peter Lombard, (c. 1100-1160)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Bernard Lonergan, (1904–1984)Template:Scref
- Pseudo-Longinus, (1st century)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Lev Mikhailovich Lopatin, (1855–1920)Template:Scref
- Paul Lorenzen, (1915–1995)Template:Scref
- Aleksei Fedorovich Losev, (1893–1988)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nicholas Onufrievich Lossky, (1870–1965)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Yuri Lotman, (1922–1993)Template:Scref
- Hermann Lotze, (1817–1881)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Arthur O. Lovejoy, (1873–1962)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John R. Lucas, (born 1929)Template:Scref
- Lucian, (c. 120-c. 180)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Lucretius, (c. 99-55 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Lu Jiuyuan (or Lu Xiangshan, or Lu Chiu-yuan, or Tzu-ching, or Ts'un-chai), (1139–1193)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Georg Lukács, (1885–1971)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jan Łukasiewicz, (1878–1956)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Anatoliy Lunacharskiy, (1875–1933)Template:Scref
- Martin Luther, (1483–1546)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Rosa Luxemburg, (1871–1919)Template:Scref
- William Lycan, (born 1945)Template:Scref
- Jean-François Lyotard, (1924–1998)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
M
- Ernst Mach, (1838–1916)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Niccolò Machiavelli, (1469–1527)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alasdair MacIntyre, (born 1929)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Leslie Mackie, (1917–1981)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Madhava, (d. 1386)Template:Scref
- Shri Madhvacharya, (1238–1317)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Mahavira, (599-527 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Benoît de Maillet, (1656–1738)Template:Scref
- Salomon Maimon (or Salomon ben Joshua), (1753–1800)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Abraham ben Moses Maimonides (or Abraham ben Maimon), (1186–1237)Template:Scref
- Maimonides (or Rambam), (1135–1204)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Maine de Biran, (1766–1824)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Major (or John Mair), (1467–1550)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Norman Malcolm, (1911–1990)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nicolas Malebranche, (1638–1715)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ernst Mally, (1879–1944)Template:Scref
- André Malraux, (1901–1976)Template:Scref
- Thomas Malthus, (1766–1834)Template:Scref
- Merab Mamardashvili, (1930–1990)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Bernard de Mandeville, (1670–1733)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Mani, (3rd century)Template:Scref
- Karl Mannheim, (1893–1947)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Henry Longueville Mansel, (1820–1871)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Mao Zedong (or Mao Tse-tung), (1893–1976)Template:Scref
- Gabriel Marcel, (1887–1973)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Marcion, (110-160)Template:Scref
- Ruth Barcan Marcus, (born 1921)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Herbert Marcuse, (born 1898-1979)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Joseph Maréchal, (1878–1944)Template:Scref
- Juan de Mariana, (1536–1624)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Julián Marías, (1914–2005)Template:Scref
- Jacques Maritain, (1882–1973)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Gaius Marius Victorinus, (4th century)Template:Scref
- Svetozar Marković, (1846–1875)Template:Scref
- Marsilius of Inghen, (1330–1396)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Marsilius of Padua (or Marsiglio or Marsilio dei Mainardine), (1270–1342)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Roger Marston, (1235–1303)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Charles B. Martin, (born 1924)Template:Scref
- Harriet Martineau, (1802–1876)Template:Scref
- James Martineau, (1805–1900)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Piero Martinetti, (1872–1943)Template:Scref
- Anton Marty, (1847–1914)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Marko Marulić, (1450–1524)Template:Scref
- Karl Marx, (1818–1883)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Tomáš Masaryk, (1850–1937)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Damaris Cudworth Masham, (1659–1708)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Cotton Mather, (1663–1728)Template:Scref
- Matthew of Aquasparta, (1238–1302)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pierre Louis Maupertuis, (1698–1759)Template:Scref
- Fritz Mauthner, (1849–1923)Template:Scref
- James Clerk Maxwell, (1831–1879)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- James McCosh, (1811–1894)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William McDougall, (1871–1938)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John McDowell, (born 1942)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Evander Bradley McGilvary, (1864–1953)Template:Scref
- Colin McGinn, (born 1950)Template:Scref
- John Ellis McTaggart, (1866–1925)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- George Herbert Mead, (1863–1931)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Bartolomeo Medina, (1527–1580)Template:Scref
- Georg Friedrich Meier, (1718–1777)Template:Scref
- Friedrich Meinecke, (1862–1954)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alexius Meinong, (1853–1920)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philipp Melanchthon, (1497–1560)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Melissus of Samos, (late 5th century BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- D. Hugh Mellor, (born 1938)Template:Scref
- Menasseh Ben Israel, (1604–1657)Template:Scref
- Mencius (or Meng K'o or Meng-tzu or Mengzi), (372-289 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Gregor Mendel, (1822–1884)Template:Scref
- Moses Mendelssohn, (1729–1786)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Désiré-Joseph Mercier, (1851–1926)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Maurice Merleau-Ponty, (1908–1961)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Marin Mersenne, (1588–1648)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jean Meslier, (1664–1729)Template:Scref
- Judah Messer Leon, (c. 1425-c. 1495)Template:Scref
- Emile Meyerson, (1859–1933)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Conyers Middleton, (1683–1750)Template:Scref
- Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhailovskii, (1842–1904)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Miki Kiyoshi, (1897–1945)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Mikyo Dorje (or Mi bskyod rdo rje), (1507–1554)Template:Scref
- Gaston Milhaud, (1858–1918)Template:Scref
- James Mill, (1773–1836)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Stuart Mill, (1806–1873)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Millar, (1735–1801)Template:Scref
- Dickinson Miller, (1868–1963)Template:Scref
- Ruth Millikan, (born 1933)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Milton, (1608–1674)Template:Scref
- Minagawa Kien, (1734–1807)Template:Scref
- Mir Damad (or Mir Mohammad Baqer Esterabadi), (d. 1631)Template:Scref
- Miura Baien, (1723–1789)Template:Scref
- Jacob Moleschott, (1822–1893)Template:Scref
- Luis de Molina, (1535–1600)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Enrique Molina Garmendia, (1871–1962)Template:Scref
- Lord Monboddo (or James Burnett), (1714–1799)Template:Scref
- Richard Montague, (1930–1971)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William Pepperell Montague, (1873–1953)Template:Scref
- Michel de Montaigne, (1533–1592)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Edmund Montgomery, (1835–1911)Template:Scref
- G. E. Moore, (1873–1958)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Henry More, (1614–1687)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Thomas More, (1478–1535)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- C. Lloyd Morgan, (1852–1936)Template:Scref
- Lewis H. Morgan, (1818–1881)Template:Scref
- Thomas Morgan, (Died 1743)Template:Scref
- Karl Philipp Moritz, (1756–1793)Template:Scref
- Gaetano Mosca, (1858–1941)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Motoori Norinaga, (1730–1801)Template:Scref
- Emmanuel Mounier, (1905–1950)Template:Scref
- Mou Tsung-san, (1909–1995)Template:Scref
- Mozi (or Mo Tzu, or Mo Ti, or Micius), (c. 470-c. 390 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- David Ibn Merwan Al-Mukammas (or Daud Ibn Marwan al-Muqammas or David ha-Bavli), (d. 937)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Mulla Sadra, (1571–1640)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Iris Murdoch, (1919–1999)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Muro Kyuso, (1658–1734)Template:Scref
- Arthur Edward Murphy, (1901–1962)Template:Scref
- Musonius Rufus, (1st century)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
N
- Arne Næss, (born 1912)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nagarjuna, (ca. 200 CE)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ernest Nagel, (1901–1985)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Thomas Nagel, (born 1937)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nahmanides, (1194–1270)Template:Scref
- Jacques-André Naigeon, (1738–1810)Template:Scref
- Toju Nakae, (1608–1648)Template:Scref
- Jean-Luc Nancy, (born 1940)Template:Scref
- Hossein Nasr, (born 1933)Template:Scref
- Paul Gerhard Natorp, (1854–1924)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alexander Neckham, (1157–1217)Template:Scref
- Leonard Nelson, (1882–1927)Template:Scref
- Nemesius of Emesa, (fl. c. 400)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John von Neumann, (1903–1957)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Otto Neurath, (1882–1945)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Henry Newman, (1801–1890)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Isaac Newton, (1642–1727)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nichiren, (1222–1282)Template:Scref
- Nicholas of Autrecourt, (c. 1300-1369)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nicholas of Cusa, (1401–1464)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Christian Friedrich Nicolai, (1733–1811)Template:Scref
- Pierre Nicole, (1625–1695)Template:Scref
- H. Richard Niebuhr, (1894–1962)Template:Scref
- Reinhold Niebuhr, (1892–1971)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Friedrich Nietzsche, (1844–1900)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Agostino Nifo, (1470–1538)Template:Scref
- Nishi Amane, (1829–1897)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nishida Kitaro, (1870–1945)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Nishitani Keiji, (1900–1990)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Kwame Nkrumah, (1909–1972)Template:Scref
- John Norris, (1657–1711)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Novalis, (1772–1801)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Robert Nozick, (1938–2001)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Numenius of Apamea, (2nd century)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Martha Nussbaum, (born 1947)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Anders Nygren, (1890–1978)Template:Scref
O
- Michael Oakeshott, (1901–1990)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William of Ockham, (ca. 1285-1349)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ogyū Sorai, (1666–1728)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Lorenz Oken, (1779–1851)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Karl Olivecrona, (1897–1980)Template:Scref
- Peter Olivi, (1248–1298)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Olympiodorus the Younger, (495-570)Template:Scref
- John Wood Oman, (1860–1939)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Onora O'Neill, (born 1941)Template:Scref
- Nicole Oresme, (1320–1382)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Origen of Alexandria, (c. 182-c. 251)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Isaac Orobio de Castro, (1617–1687)Template:Scref
- Hans Christian Ørsted (1777–1851)
- José Ortega y Gasset, (1883–1955)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Wilhelm Ostwald, (1853–1932)Template:Scref
- James Oswald, (1703–1793)Template:Scref
- Rudolf Otto, (1869–1937)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Richard Overton, (d. circa 1665)Template:Scref
- Gwilyn Ellis Lane Owen, (1922–1982)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
P
- Thomas Paine, (1737–1809)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Menyhért Palágyi, (1859–1924)Template:Scref
- William Paley, (1743–1805)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Elihu Palmer, (1764–1806)Template:Scref
- Panaetius, (c. 185-c. 110 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Wolfhart Pannenberg, (born 1928)Template:Scref
- David Papineau, (born 1947)Template:Scref
- Giovanni Papini, (1881–1956)Template:Scref
- Paracelsus, (1493–1541)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Vilfredo Pareto, (1848–1923)Template:Scref
- Derek Parfit, (born 1942)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Theodore Parker, (1810–1860)Template:Scref
- Parmenides, (5th century BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Blaise Pascal, (1623–1662)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- John Arthur Passmore, (1914–2004)Template:Scref
- Valentino Annibale Pastore, (1868–1956)Template:Scref
- Patañjali, (2nd century BC)Template:Scref
- Walter Pater, (1839–1904)Template:Scref
- Jan Patočka, (1907–1977)Template:Scref
- Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or Franciscus Patritius) (1529–1597)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Akos Pauler, (1876–1933)Template:Scref
- Linus Pauling, (1901–1994)Template:Scref
- Paul of Venice, (1369–1429)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Friedrich Paulsen, (1846–1908)Template:Scref
- Ivan Pavlov, (1849–1936)Template:Scref
- Christopher Peacocke, (born 1950)Template:Scref
- Giuseppe Peano, (1858–1932)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- David Pears, (born 1921)Template:Scref
- Karl Pearson, (1857–1936)Template:Scref
- John Peckham, (d. 1292)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Benjamin Peirce, (1809–1880)Template:Scref
- Charles Sanders Peirce, (1839–1914)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pelagius, (c. 360-c. 435)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- William Penbygull, (died 1420)Template:Scref
- Thomas Percival, (1740–1804)Template:Scref
- Ralph Barton Perry, (1876–1957)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, (1746–1827)Template:Scref
- Peter of Auvergne, (13th century)Template:Scref
- Peter of Spain (or Pope John XXI), (13th century)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Richard Stanley Peters, (born 1919)Template:Scref
- Petrarch, (1304–1374)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Leon Petrazycki, (1867–1931)Template:Scref
- Joane Petrizi, (12th century)Template:Scref
- Branislav Petronijević, (1875–1954)Template:Scref
- Petar II Petrović-Njegoš, (1813–1851)Template:Scref
- Joseph Petzoldt, (1862–1929)Template:Scref
- Alexander Pfänder, (1870–1941)Template:Scref
- Philip the Chancellor, (1160–1236)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philo Judaeus of Alexandria, (20 BC-40 AD)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philo of Larissa, (1st century BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philo the Dialectician, (c. 300 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philodemus of Gadara, (1st century BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philolaus of Croton, (c. 480-c. 405 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Philo of Larissa, (154 BC-84 BC)Template:Scref
- Philo of Megara, (300 BC c.)Template:Scref
- John Philoponus, (early 6th century)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Jean Piaget, (1896–1980)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, (1463–1494)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Dimitri Pisarev, (1840–1868)Template:Scref
- Max Planck, (1858–1947)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alvin Plantinga, (born 1932)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Plato, (c. 427 BC-c. 347 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Georgi Plekhanov, (1856–1918)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Helmuth Plessner, (1892–1985)Template:Scref
- Gemistus Pletho, (c. 1355- c. 1452)Template:Scref
- Plotinus, (died 270)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Gottfried Ploucquet, (1716–1790)Template:Scref
- Mestrius Plutarch of Chaeronia, (c. 45-c. 120)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Henri Poincaré, (1854–1912)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Michael Polanyi, (1891–1976)Template:Scref
- Pietro Pomponazzi, (1462–1525)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Alexander Pope, (1688–1744)Template:Scref
- Karl Popper, (1902–1994)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Josef Popper-Lynkeus, (1838–1921)Template:Scref
- Porphyry, (c. 232-c. 304)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Noah Porter, (1811–1892)Template:Scref
- Posidonius, (c. 135-51 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Richard Posner, (born 1939)Template:Scref
- Emil Leon Post, (1897–1954)Template:Scref
- Robert Joseph Pothier, (1699–1772)Template:Scref
- Roscoe Pound, (1870–1964)Template:Scref
- Henry Habberley Price, (1899–1984)Template:Scref
- Richard Price, (1723–1791)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Harold Arthur Prichard, (1871–1947)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Joseph Priestley, (1733–1804)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Andrew Seth Pringle-Pattison, (1856–1931)Template:Scref
- Arthur Prior, (1914–1969)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Proclus, (412-487)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Prodicus, (c. 450-399 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Protagoras, (c. 481-420 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, (1809–1865)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Marcel Proust, (1871–1922)Template:Scref
- Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, (5th century)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pseudo-Grosseteste, (13th century)Template:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Ptolemy, (c. 85-c. 165)Template:Scref
- Samuel Pufendorf, (1632–1694)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Hilary Putnam, (born 1926)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pyrrho, (c. 360-c. 270)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Pythagoras, (582 BC-496 BC)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- [Barry O'Connor]] (1994- )
Q
- W. V. O. Quine, (1908–2000)Template:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:ScrefTemplate:Scref
- Anthony Quinton, (born 1925)Template:Scref
List of philosophers: (A-C) -- (D-H) -- (I-Q) -- (R-Z)