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After his victory in Banswada bypoll, TRS MLA Pocharam Srinivas Reddy warned Andhra settlers in the region with dire consequences for not voting for him. Mr Srinivas Reddy hoped for one lakh majority in the byelection in view of the ongoing high voltage Telangana movement. But to his dismay, Congress candidate could get a comfortable 33,356 votes. The frustrated Srinivas Reddy accused Andhra settlers of ignoring the Telangana sentiment and voting for Congress candidate. This hurt the feelings of settlers in the region.<ref>http://www.deccanchronicle.com/channels/cities/regions/karimnagar/threats-pro-t-leaders-worry-settler-community-582</ref>
After his victory in Banswada bypoll, TRS MLA Pocharam Srinivas Reddy warned Andhra settlers in the region with dire consequences for not voting for him. Mr Srinivas Reddy hoped for one lakh majority in the byelection in view of the ongoing high voltage Telangana movement. But to his dismay, Congress candidate could get a comfortable 33,356 votes.


==Books on Telangana movement==
==Books on Telangana movement==

Revision as of 04:16, 25 October 2011

Not to be confused with Telangana Rebellion.
Map of India with the Telangana region highlighted in red.

The Telangana movement refers to a group of related political activities organized to support the creation of a new state of Telangana, from the existing state of Andhra Pradesh in South India. The proposed new state corresponds to the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad.

Background

Main article: Background of the Telangana movement

When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad, a Muslim king, wanted Hyderabad State to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely states. The Hindus of the Hyderabad State who accounted for 93 per cent of its population, launched the `Join India' movement with the cooperation of a few patriotic Muslims for the integration of the State with the rest of the country. The State Congress leaders and Arya Samaj leaders invoked themselves whole-heartedly in the movement. The peasants of the state, influenced by the Communist party, had also revolted against the Nizam, who tried to suppress their armed struggle against landlords. Qasim Razvi led private Razakar Muslim army fighting for continuation of the Nizam's rule, did worst forms of atrocities on people.[1][2][3] The Government of India liberated and assimilated the Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948, in an operation by the Indian Army called Operation Polo.

In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines.[4] The commission, due to public demand, recommended disintegration of Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi speaking region with Bombay state and Kannada speaking region with Mysore state. The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telugu speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad state with Andhra state, despite their common language. Para 378 of the SRC report said "One of the principal causes of opposition of Vishalandhra also seems to be the apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal areas."

Andhra state and Telangana was merged to form Andhra Pradesh state on November 1, 1956 after providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentlemen's agreement.

Grievances of Telangana proponents

Proponents of a separate Telangana state feel that the agreements, plans, and assurances from the legislature and Lok Sabha over the last fifty years have not been honoured, and as a consequence Telangana has remained neglected, exploited, and backward. They allege that the experiment of Andhra Pradesh to remain as one state has proven to be a futile exercise and that separation is the best solution.[5][6][7]

Pre-2004 Telangana protests

Main article: Pre-2004 Telangana protests

Soon after the formation of Andhra Pradesh, people of Telangana expressed dissatisfaction over how the agreements and guarantees were implemented.[8] On 19 January 1969, all party accord was reached to ensure the proper imp lementation of Telangana safeguards. Telangana leaders were not satisfied with the accord. Movement turned violent and army had to be called in. After several days of talks with leaders of both regions, on 12 April 1969, Prime minister came up with Eight point plan.[9] Telangana leaders rejected the plan and protests continued under the leadership of newly formed political party Telangana Praja Samithi in 1969 asking for the formation of telangana and people continued to get killed in police firing. Under the Mulki rules in force at the time, anyone who had lived in Hyderabad for 15 years was considered a local, and was thus eligible for certain government posts. When the Supreme Court upheld the Mulki rules at the end of 1972, the Jai Andhra movement, with the aim of re-forming a separate state of Andhra, was started in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions.

On 21 September 1973, a political settlement was reached with the Government of India with a Six-Point Formula. It was agreed upon by the leaders of the two regions to prevent any recurrence of such agitations in the future. To avoid legal problems, constitution was amended(32nd amendment) to give the legal sanctity to the Six-point formula.[10]

In 1985, when Telangana employees complained about the violations to six point formula, government enacted government order 610(GO 610) to correct the violations in recruitment. As Telangana people complained about non implementation of GO 610, in 2001, government constituted Girglani commission to look into violations.[11]

In 1997, the state unit of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) passed a resolution seeking a separate Telangana.[12] A new party called Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS), led by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao (KCR), was formed in 2001 with the single-point agenda of creating a separate Telangana state with Hyderabad as its capital.[13]

In April 2002, the home minister during the NDA government, BJP leader L.K. Advani wrote a letter to MP A. Narendra rejecting a proposal to create Telangana state explaining that “regional disparities in economic development could be tackled through planning and efficient use of available resources”. He said that the NDA government, therefore, does “not propose creation of a separate state of Telangana” [14]

BJP leader and leader of oppostion in Loka Sabha, Sushma Swaraj in 2010 said that they would have formed the Telangana State along with Jharkhand, Chattisgarh and Uttarakhand in year 2000 but the Telugu Desam, which extended outside support to it, opposed the plan.[15]

2004 to 2010

Main article: 2004-2010 Telangana protests

For the 2004 Assembly and Parliament elections, the Congress party and the TRS had an electoral alliance in the Telangana region that promised a separate Telangana State. Congress came to power in the state and formed a coalition government at the centre; TRS joined the coalition and was successful in making a separate Telangana state a part of the common minimum programme of the coalition government. However, again in 2006, the then Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy categorically said that the state would remain united.

In February 2009 the state government declared that it had no objection, in principle, to the formation of separate Telangana and that the time had come to move forward decisively on this issue. To resolve related issues, the government constituted a joint house committee.[16] In the lead-up to the 2009 General Elections in India, all the major parties in Andhra Pradesh supported the formation of Telangana.[17]

In the 2009 elections people of the Telangana region made it clear that the separate state sentiment had faded with TRS managing to win only 10 assembly seats out of the 45 it contested and only 2 MP seats. [18]

On 29 November 2009 TRS president K. Chandrashekar Rao (KCR) started a fast-unto-death, demanding that the Congress party introduce a Telangana bill in Parliament. [19] Student organizations, employee unions, and various organizations joined the movement.[20] General strikes shut down Telangana on 6 and 7 December.[21] In a all party meeting on dec 7, all major Opposition parties extended their support for a separate state for Telengana. [22]

Telangana State Formation process Announcement

On December 9, 2009, Union Minister of Home Affairs P. Chidambaram announced that the Indian government would start the process of forming a separate Telangana state, pending the introduction and passage of a separation resolution in the Andhra Pradesh assembly after a 11-day fast by Kalvakuntla Chandrashekar Rao. This again resulted in protests across both Andhra and Rayalseema as in a short time of the Home Minister's declaration, MLAs from the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions submitted their resignations in protest.[23] On 23 December, the Government of India announced that no action on Telangana will be taken until a consensus is reached by all parties.[24] Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema region MLAs started withdrawing their resignations while MLAs and ministers from Telangana started submitting their resignations, and demanded that the Centre take immediate steps to initiate the process of bifurcating Andhra Pradesh.[25]

On 3 February the government announced the five-member committee headed by Justice SriKrishna that would look into the issue.[26]

Srikrishna Committee report

Main article: Srikrishna committee's involvement in the Telangana movement

In an all-party meeting on 6 January 2011, which was boycotted by the TRS, BJP and TDP, the Home ministry made the 505-page Srikrishna committee report public. Section 9-3 (page 440) of the report discusses six solutions. Committee's preferred option is Keeping the State united by simultaneously providing certain definite constitutional and statutory measures for socio-economic development and political empowerment of Telangana region through the creation of a statutorily-empowered Telangana Regional Council. Committee's secon best option is # Bifurcation of the State into Telangana and Seemandhra as per existing boundaries, with Hyderabad as the capital of Telangana and Seemandhra to have a new capital. [27][28]

On March 23, 2011, Justice L Narasimha Reddy of Andhra Pradesh high court ordered central government to make contents of 8th chapter of Sri Krishna Committee, so called 'secret report'. Justice in his 60 page judgement said "The Committee travelled beyond the terms of reference in its endeavour to persuade the Union of India not to accede to the demand for Telangana". The judgement also quoted the SKC report's 8th chapter and said "The maneuver suggested by the Committee in its secret supplementary note poses an open challenge, if not threat, to the very system of democracy."

Non-cooperation movement and Million March

Main article: Early 2011 Telangana protests

On February 17, 2011 noncooperation movement was started and it last for 16days which was participated by 300,000 government employees and caused Rs 8 billion per day in revenue to government.[29][30] In February and March, Assembly session was boycotted for weeks and Parliament session was disrupted for several days by Telangana representatives.[31][32] [33]

Miilion March was organized by Telangana JAC in Hyderabad on March 10, 2010. In a move to disrupt the march, police shutdown arrested over hundred thousand activists through out the region and closed down entry to Hyderabad city, stopped transaportation service, traffic was diverted and no one was allowed to areas close to the venue [34][35][36] 50 to 100 thousand people reached venue by hoodwinking police and organized the march. .[37] Some Telangana activists damaged 16 statues of personalties hailed form Seema-Andhra representing Telugu culture language on Tank Bund, the venue. They threw some of the remnants into the lake.[38] Top leaders of all political parties in the state including KCR and various organizations condemned the vandalism.[39]

Mass Resignations

Main article: Mid 2011 Telangana protests

Fearing law & order problem due to violence similar to the Million March incident, State police refused to give permission to TRS to hold their formation day public meeting in Parade grounds in Hyderabad. The state government sanctioned Rs 75 lakh for repair and re-installation of statues on Tank Bund, demolished during the Million March programme. Along with installation of the 16 statues, another new statue of social activist from Telangana, Komaram Bheem, would also be installed. Both TJAC & the Telangana Congress leaders set fresh deadlines to renew their agitation. On July 4, 2011 as many as 81 of 119 Telangana MLAs in the state, 12 out of 15 Telangana ministers in state, 13 out of 17 Telangana MPs in Lok Sabha, 1 Rajyasabha MP(Congress), 20 MLCs resigned protesting delay in the formation of Telangana. On July 20, 30-year-old Yadi Reddy was found dead 100 yards from Parliament House in Delhi. An eight-page suicide note says the young driver from greater Hyderabad region of Telangana was upset over the government not creating a new state for his homeland. The speaker of the AP assembly on July 23 summarily rejected the resignations of all 101 MLAs citing that they were made in an emotionally surcharged atmosphere.[40]

September 2011 - present

All Peoples strike

What are we demanding? We are asking you to respect the word you have given in the Parliament before the 120 crore people of this country. We are not asking any thing else.

— K. Chandrashekar Rao on September 12, 2011[41]

On September 12, 2011, a day before Sakala Janula Samme(All people's strike), TRS organized a public meeting in Karimnagar which was attended by Telangana JAC leaders, BJP and New Democracy party leaders. Over million people attended the meeting.[41] Starting September 13, as part of 'strike by all section of people' supporting Telangana statehood, government exployees through out Telangana stayed out of work affecting government offices through out the region. Lawyers started boycotting courts.[42] Strike by 60,000 coal miners of Singareni Collieries(SCCL Ltd.) threatened power supplies through out South India unless they end the strike soon. Employee unions said they will not stop the strike until the formation of Telangana state.[43][44] On September 14 and 15, all the 450 movie Theaters in Telangana were closed at the call given by Telangana film chamber.[45] Starting September 16, government teachers joined the strike. Private school managements declared one day holday in support of the strike.[46] On September 19, state road transport corporation employees and state electricity board employees in Telangana joined the indefinite strike.[47]

The rail roko programe at various places in the city became a conglomeration of various facets of the Telangana culture. With music, dance, plays and a sumptuous lunch, Manoharabad railway station, one of the hotspots, wore the look of a weekly fair.

— The New Indian Express[48]

On a call given by JAC, road blockades on national highways throughout Telangana disrupted transport services.[49] Transport services further paralyzed in Telangana due to rail blockade by JAC and due to the strike of auto rikshaw union on September 24 and 25.[50] Virtually all sections of people joined this strike.[51] On September 30, as the strike enter 18th day, even while Congress central leadership meeting several Telangana congress leaders, JAC called a bundh in Hyderabad city.[52] On October 2, JAC leaders, employee unions leaders and TRS leaders including KCR met Prime minister to explain the grave situation in Telangna due to the strike and asked to expedite the decision on the statehood demand.[53] The strike has resulted in an unprecedented power crisis in the state. On October 4, only 223 MU of power generated against the demand of 275MU impacting both the industry and agriculture.[54]

On October 9, workers of the Telangana Youth Congress agitated at the Gandhi Bhavan in Hyderabad as soon as the meeting began. They demanded that the membership drive should be postponed until the Central Government of India made any official announcement on Telangana. They threw chairs at each other and Telangana members demanded that a separate Telangana Youth Congress be formed for the youth from Telangana.[55] Early the next day, conditions worsened after Telangana activists attacked a private college in Hyderabad. The agitating activists threw stones at the windows of the NRI College in Kukatpally, where majority residents are migrants from Andhra region, badly damaging the window panes. Also, the parents of some children protested outside the college demanded that schools and colleges must be excluded from the strikes and conflicts as the students have missed classes for a month already and they were worried about their future. The majority of colleges and schools remained shut in the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.[56]

Madiga Reservation Porata Samithi (MRPS) president criticized that KCR, Kodandaram, Harish Rao and others were encouraging the students to take active part in the ongoing agitation for Telangana, and alleged that they were not allowing their own children to take part in the stir. While demanding that the Telangana leaders disclose the details of where their children were pursuing studies, he said that children from oppressed sections of the society, were being deprived of the opportunity to pursue studies, under the influence of the T-stir, while the children from the T-leaders were being sent abroad or other areas, to pursue studies without any disturbance.[57] On October 22, activists of the Prajasanghala (People’s organisations) JAC protested in front of Prof. Kodandram's house alleging that the TJAC changed its stand on Sakala Janula Samme and on a separate Telangana after Kodandaram and KCR's visit to New Delhi. They alleged the TJAC had entered into a pact with the Centre and is deliberately diluting the movement.[58]

On October 11, a case was filed against KCR, under IPC section 153, for delivering instigating speeches and creating rift between people from different regions in the state. FIR said that he had tried to instigate people to attack Telangana representatives for not resigning for the cause of Telangana.[59] Later that day, Police have also added the two leaders Swami Goud and Vithal of the Telangana Joint Action Committee after they demanded that the Police of Hyderabad city would also join the struggle for a separate state.[60] The Samaikyandhra Joint Action Committee reported that KCR was behaving rudely while he was in Telangana region and wise when he was Delhi, at the the Union government. They also demanded that the government should seize the properties of KCR as to recover from the losses caused by the All people's strike.[61]

There is no need to continue the strike as their opinion over Telangana is received already by Congress high command and the Centre.

— Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy[62]

Finally, on October 11, after being criticized by both the Congress high command as well as the Centre over how he has been handling the issue, Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy, the 16th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh said that the government would adopt a zero-tolerance system regarding the Telangana conflicts. During a high-level meeting, Reddy said, "We will initiate stern action against anyone, including leaders, spearheading the statehood agitation, if they try to create any law and order problem or cause any inconvenience to the people."[63] Reddy cautioned them saying that "it will spoil the prospects of the youth".[64] After a 22 days of silence, the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) resumed plying buses on the roads of Hyderabad after one of the unions suspended the strike.[65] Telangana union leaders condemned the decision of the union leaders who suspended the strike and said "Mahmood Ali has nothing to do with Telangana. He belongs to Andhra-Seema region and he has no right to withdraw the strike”.[66] This led to split in the union and Telangana union leaders floated new separate body and decided to continue the strike. Due to this, only few buses returned to service.[67] On October 13, the parents of most school-going children warned the TJAC that they will wait until October 15 for the schools and colleges to be re-opened. They warned that if the schools are not opened by the 15th, "we[they] will sit and chalk out our[their] course of action."[68] Eight Congress MPs from Telangana, who resigned in July demanding a separate state of Telangana, insisted the speaker to accept their resignations on October 12. They said they will take part in the three-day rail roko(blockade) protest on October 15-17 and work for it to make it a success. They also warned the state government against trying to suppress the rail roko program. They also demanded that the Group-II exams, screening test for thousands of state government jobs, be postponed until the strike is over.[69]

Sakala Janula Samme launched by the TJAC has already entered the 30th day. People of Telangana are facing several hardships due to the strike. Many Telangana youths have sacrificed their lives for the cause of Telangana. Despite all this, the Congress high command is unwilling to spell out its stand on the issue.

— Vijayashanti[70]

As the All People's strike entered the 30th day on October 14, 2011, Medak's MP Vijayashanti criticized the Congress high command for the delay in making the decision on Telangana and said Congress wants the issue to prolong until 2014. She furthur said the strike should continue until the formation of Telanana state.[70] On that day, the government of Andhra Pradesh asked the employees of the Joint Action Committee to hold further discussions with their chief secretary, Pankaj Dwivedi. Also, a senior official said that the Joint Action Committee has no right to dictate to the government and they have to wait until the centre takes a decision. The Government also asked all the police to submit the details of those members of the JAC who have been arrested during the strikes and protests. The government said that only those members of the JAC who were dancing and singing at the protests were spared and they took the opinion of the advocate-general on what to do with them.[71] KT Rama Rao alleged that the CM of Andhra Pradesh was bribing the T Congress MLAs to lure them out of the agitation. [72] This was strongly refuted by the Congress leaders who demanded an apology from KTR and challenged him to reveal the names of MLAs who took bribe.[73]

On the 1st day of Rail blockade on Oct 15, 110 trains were cancelled and 68 trains were diverted. The railways operated 12 trains and Hyderabad metro trails with full police protection. Telangana protestors tried to have sit in on rail platforms or on railway tracks at various places. Police arrested thousands of protesters including eight MPs and four MLAs.[74] [75] On same day, employee unions of road transport corporation called off the strike. On October 16, JAC gave a call for Telangana Bundh(general stike) for next day to protest the police's "reign of terror to suppress" the agitation during the rail blockade and said they are cancelling the 3rd day of rail blockade on Oct 17. On same day, Teachers union also said they will attend the schools in the interest of students but they will not sign the attendance registers and will not take the salaries. [76] Normal life was again affected as the public transport facilities, especially busses which were properly resumed after the 28-day long strike were again off the roads. Schools, colleges and offices were again shut for October 17, as the agitation continued.[77]

Losses due to the Strike

  • While the striking employees of RTC got their wages and bonuses for the strike period, the corporation has been hit by financial crisis. APSRTC already with a Rs. 310 crore loss in the financial year suffered another Rs. 200 crore loss due to the "Sakala Janula Samme".[78]
  • On 19th October, Singareni staff from 3 districts who were striking for 35 days resumed their work after the management agreed to adjust leave against strike period with wages.[79] The strike resulted in a loss of Rs. 600 crore for the Singareni Collieries Co Ltd.[80] Apart from causing severe power crisis across the country. An additional Rs. 120 crores was lost towards payment of wages to employees for the strike period.[81]
  • The state government also lost around Rs. 250 crore due to power purchases from other states.[82] It also affected the production of long steel in India.[83]
  • The water board suffered Rs. 5 crore loss during the strike.[84]
  • The South Central railway lost Rs. 12.63 crores till September 24 due to the rail roko programmes.[85]
  • The Assocham estimated tangible losses in excess of Rs. 10,000 crores in only 15 days of the strike.[86]
  • A revenue loss of Rs.50 crore every day to the government due to strike by excise employees.[87]
  • Manufacturers of active pharmaceutical ingredients that go into medication have lost Rs.500 crore till September 26 because of the strike.[88]
  • Northern Power Distribution Company Ltd's (NPDCL) revenues amounting to Rs 320 crores were held up[89]

Efforts to end strike

With the agitation for statehood to Telangana intensifying, the congress has decided to speed up all the discussions and quickly solve the problem. On September 30, 2011 Ghulam Nabi Azad, Congress party's AP state in-charge, submitted to Congress president an internal party report about Telangana issue after holding consultations with leaders from Telangana, Rayalaseema and coastal Andhra regions for over two months.[90] On October 8, most of the key leaders of the Congress and the centre were busy discussing the issue with with various representatives from Andhra Pradesh. Ghulam Nabi Azad, the Congress’s Andhra Pradesh in charge said that they have met nine leaders from Andhra Pradesh including the chief minister and are working on finding a solution to the issue as soon as possible.[91] PM Manmohan Singh indicated that resolving the Telangana statehood issue might “take some time.” Maintaining that there has not been any “inaction” by the government over the crisis, the Prime Minister said that “given the complications involved in settlement, it will take some time.” Dr Singh said that the government "is engaged in widespread dialogue and discussions with all the stakeholders and hopes to reach a win-win situation for all concerned through the process."[92]


After his victory in Banswada bypoll, TRS MLA Pocharam Srinivas Reddy warned Andhra settlers in the region with dire consequences for not voting for him. Mr Srinivas Reddy hoped for one lakh majority in the byelection in view of the ongoing high voltage Telangana movement. But to his dismay, Congress candidate could get a comfortable 33,356 votes.

Books on Telangana movement

See also

References

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  2. ^ "`Regional colour' to Hyderabad liberation movement decried". Hindu.com. 2003-09-18. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
  3. ^ "Painful memories for erstwhile Hyderabad State". Twocircles.net. Retrieved 2011-10-09.
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  6. ^ Still seeking justice(30min video)
  7. ^ http://planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/std_pattrnAP.pdf
  8. ^ College students in Telangana agitation(Indian Express January 16, 1969; page 8-bottom)
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  10. ^ Nineteenth Century politics over Telangana
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  13. ^ Amin Jafri, Syed (2001-05-17). "Massive rally demands Telangana state". rediff.com. Retrieved 2008-02-16.
  14. ^ http://www.telegraphindia.com/1111020/jsp/nation/story_14646312.jsp
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  16. ^ Telangana: YSR moots joint panel
  17. ^ Why it is Telangana that holds the key?
  18. ^ http://www.indianexpress.com/news/fast-forward/552833/0
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  20. ^ OU turns hotspot of students’ angst
  21. ^ Telangana bandh total on first day
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  24. ^ "Telangana: Text of Home Minister's statement". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 2009-12-23.
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  27. ^ Srikrishna Committee Report – Vol I (Main Report)
  28. ^ Srikrishna Committee Report – Vol II (Appendix to the report)
  29. ^ Telangana fury is costing AP Rs 800 cr a day
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  39. ^ Desecration of statues in AP sparks controversy
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17°59′N 79°35′E / 17.99°N 79.59°E / 17.99; 79.59

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