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{{Infobox caste
==PATEL==
|caste_name= Patel

|populated_states=[[Northern India]], [[Western India]], [[Central India]], [[South India]], [[Gujarat]], [[Bihar]], [[Uttar Pradesh]]

|languages= [[Kurmali]], [[Hindi]], [[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]], [[Gujarati language|Gujarati]], [[Oriya language|Oriya]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], South Indian languages and dialects

|religions=[[Hinduism]]
|religions=[[Hinduism]], [[Islam]]
}}

'''Patel''' (also known as a Patidar) is surname of Indian origin mainly used by people belonging to Hindu Agricultural Communities viz. [[Kurmi]] or [[Kunbi]], [[Koli]] or [[Korie]]s, [[Adivasi]](Indian Aborigines), [[Teli]], etc. [[Muslim]] Community people of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] and [[Pakistan]] also use Patel surname.
'''Patel''' (also known as a Patidar) patel (Gujarati: પટેલ, paṭel,पटेल
is a hindu surname of Indian origin, originally meaning "headman" or "village chief".[1] Patel's are predominantly of Gujarati origin (see Gujarati people). The name Patel derives from Patlikh, the record keeper named by princely rulers in Gujarat to keep track of the crops, pat being a parcel of land. Patels in northern Gujarat were very prominent farmers as well, originally of the Kshatriya caste, though this affiliation is often avoided in the modern day.[2] Other Patels mainly from Saurashtra region are of Jat or Punjabi origin (Anjana Chaudhari) and are considered in the Kshatriya caste.[citation needed] The surname itself is not bound to a particular caste or group, and exists across a variety of Indian cultures.is surname of Indian origin mainly used by people belonging to Hindu Agricultural Communities viz. [[Kurmi]] or [[Kunbi]], [[Koli]] or [[Korie]]s, [[kanbi]](Indian Aborigines), [[Teli]], etc. [[Marathi]] Community of [[Maharashtra]] and [[Gujarat]] in [[India]] and [[USA,ENGLAND,CANADA,AUSTRALIA]] also use Patel surname there are more then 40 percent NRI patel .

The Patidar are a large Hindu ethnic group found primarily in the state of Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India and known to be part of the "Kurmi"

Kurmi (Hindi: कुर्मी) or Kunbi is the name of one of the Vedik Kshatriya Jātis (castes) of the Hindus in India. Kurmi is known as the chief ancient warrior/agricultural caste of India.

People from the Kurmi known as Kunbi also, community in India belongs to the Kshatriya Varna. The word kunabi is a generic term equivalent to farmer in English. According to Indian mythology, Lord Rama had two sons one Luv and other Kush. Luv's successors came to known as lavyas who settled in Kashmir and later moved towards other parts of the country. Successors of Kush came to be known as Kushwahas, who settled in northern plains of India. Kurmis used to be governing bodies in Gujrat, Maharashtra, Sindh, Kashmir, eastern Afghanistan plains, Indus valley and parts of Pakistan before invasion of Central Asian non Aryans. Then were owners of land and gave that for farming in 'pattas'.

kurmi politics
In 1894 the Kurmi formed their first association in Lucknow which was named as “Sardar Kurmi Sabha” to protest the British decision to cut their numbers in the military forces. In its 5th conference in 1909, this sabha changed its name from “Sardar Kurmi Sabha” to “All India Kurmi Kshatriya Association”.

==language of kurmi==

The Kurmi of Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal and Assam use to speak Kurmali language. Kurmi of other state speak their native & regional language.Like in Bihar, Kurmi people speak Magahi, Angika, etc.

==Kadva Patel==

History of Patels

Patels are predominantly and most common Gujarati surname in gujarat as well as india and speak Gujarati language. They have deep social attachment in Gujarat and their home town and villages.
Besides Gujarat and other parts of India, Patels are spread worldwide and have settled successfully in places like living in countries like USA, Canada, UK, East, Central and South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, the Far East, the Middle East. In fact, today you will find a Patel in almost any part of the world.

The Patel community account for 20 percent of Gujarat’s population, and is a dominating force in Saurastra and Kutch region. Majority of Patels are followers of Hinduism, a 5000 year old culture and most ancient civilization. In spite of having migrated to various parts of the world, Patels have cherished and preserved their cultural identity and rich legacy. They are proud of their ancestral values and maintained traditional rituals and customs.

The people that came from the village Leava became known as LEAVA (LEVA) KANBI and those that came from the village KARAD became KARADVA KANBI. The Karadva was shortened to KADVA KANBI. The Kadva Kanbi settled in the Northern part of Gujarat and the Leava Kanbi settled around Khambhat. The people who settled in Gujarat were very industrious and intelligent and became farmers and in a short period of time, Gujarat started to prosper.
As time went by, the kings and the kingdoms changed and so did the portions of the crops given to the kings. Agriculture was the main source of income of the kingdoms and they were sustained by the income from the farms. So the payments were increased to one sixth part of all crops cultivated.
Later Khambat region became the kingdom of the Mauryavansi and the crop collected from the farmers was different each year. It was high at times and low at the other times and was dictated as per the need of the kingdom and hence this part of the kingdom became known as CHAROTAR (from Chad climb up and Utar - climb down.) Charotar is the home of Leva Kanbi and Charotar Patidar Patels have their roots from this very prosperous agricultural region of Gujarat.

Between A.D. 1300 -1400, the king of Delhi Allaudin Khilji and his soldiers captured this part of Gujarat and ended the rule of Hindu kings. Allaudin Khilji told his SUBAS (clerks) that the strength of the farmers was in their wealth and so squeeze as much wealth as possible from the farmers without making them completely destitute. Leave only enough for the farmers to sow for the following year's crops. Fifty percent of the crops were collected in payment from each farmer leaving them extremely poor. Allaudin Khilji ruled Gujarat for 15 to 20 years.
Mohammed Bagdo then became the next ruler of Gujarat and took a third of all crops and outlawed any stealing. To improve farming, he chose the best farmer from each village and handed those farmers the land. In return he asked the chosen farmers to improve the farming, provide security for that village and make the village prosperous and pay the kingdom on fixed cash base (BANDHI AVAK). This way the tradition of giving part of the crop to the kingdom was abolished and a permanent propriety of the land was granted. Whoever had the propriety of the land were called PATEDAR which changed to KANBI PATIDAR and then became PATEL This way once again the PATEL PATIDAR became the owners of each village. From then on the Patel Patidar have maintained themselves as Patidar and have cultivated land by hiring farm labour. Thus the villages of Gujarat started to prosper once again.

Around A.D. 1600 Akbar conquered Gujarat. Akbar had the land measured by the "TODARMAL" and established the "VINDHOTI" system (land tax). This is today's "MAYSHUL" system.
When the Kanbis first came to Kheda from one of the first villages to be established in the Petlad taluka, Bhadran taluka and others were SAUJITRA, NAAR BHADRAN, KARAMSAD, VIRSAD, DHARMAJ, etc. They slowly became over populated and this brought shortage of houses and agricultural land. In the beginning each family had about 5000 "VIGA" land but when that land was passed on to the successive generations, the share to each family became smaller and smaller which in turn made the families poorer.

Between A.D. 1820 and 1830 some of the poor Patidar families decided to move towards SOUTH GUJARAT and were joined by Leava Patidars from other densely populated villages. They settled around SURAT. The surrounding areas of Surat were dense forests which the Leava Patidars cleared and cultivated the land. Houses were built from the timber of the same jungles and then villages were established.

In the beginning there was a link between the Patidars of the Kheda district and that of the Surat district but as transportation was difficult, the link started to weaken. The main means of transport at that time were bullock carts, horses and camels. It took 10 to 12 days to travel between Charotar and Surat. (The railway first came to India in 1860 and the first rail route was between Bombay and Thane.) Relatives from Surat and Charotar visited each other but the contact gradually decreased over the generations and in the end all links were cut off. Right from the beginning, marriages between the Patidar of Surat and that of Charotar had ceased as this could take over 20 to 25 days of travel.

The birth of Patidars by Maa Umiya-kuldevi Ma Umiya
Lord Shiva went to kill Demons along with Uma. He brought Uma on the banks of the Saraswati. Uma made fifty two earthen statues. Lord Shiva breathed life into those. These 52 people became the Great Men of the Kadva Patidar Community. Ma Uma became the Kuldevi of Kadva Patidars. She gave them the blessings of happiness, prosparity, growth and her promise to reaching to them at the hour of their need and as and when they remember her. Lord Shiva established Ma Uma at the Umapur.


The Patidars were originally descendants of Aryans. To understand and appreciate the vast history of Patidar Community in Gujarat, we must first explore Aryan migration to India.
Aryan Migration to India:

Many Historians have speculated as to when Aryans arrived in India, and the origin of their arrival. As a result there have been many different thoughts surrounding this issue. Certain prominent historians believe that the Aryans lived in Central Asia on the banks of river Amu. From Central Asia, one group of Aryans travelled towards Europe and second group went to Iran. The Final group travelled to Punjab via Afghanistan (3500 B.C). No historical evidence has been found in support of this migration, as this printing press had not been at this point in time. However, it is believed that the Aryans lived together in this region, as recordings were preserved in ancient scriptures of the Vedas. Indian history was primarily preserved in Rugaveda where Aryans were later to be found.

Aryan settlement in Punjab:

Scholars of Rugaveda have found that prior to settlement in Punjab, the Aryans resided in Afghanistan. From here, they crossed through the Khyber Pass and consequently lived in Punjab. In Punjab, they originally inhabited an area of Punjab where the seven rivers flow, the Sindhu, the Jelum, the Chinab, the Ravi, the Bias, the Satlaj and the ancient Saraswati. From this region, they scattered east towards the fertile lands of the Ganges and Jamuna and subsequently to Bihar and Bengal. So it would seem that Gujarati Patidar Community of today, were once the original Aryan settlers who migrated from Punjab to Gujarat.

==Cast Division==

Caste division appeared in the Aryan culture while they were living in Punjab (2500 B.C). A caste is from social order in ancient India in which society is divided in to four castes or groups, namely:
(1) Brahman, (2) Kshtriya, (3) Vaishya and (4) Shudra. Prior to caste separation all Patidars were Aryans.

The Kshtriya caste was divided in to three sub castes:

Rajans (Kings) - Leaders of small groups of Kshtriya who used to protect their villages.

Kshtriyas (Fighters) - Army ready to fight for the king at any time.

Kurmi Kshtriyas – Helped the king during the war and engaged in farming during peacetime.

Kurmi Kshtriyas

The Kurmis owned the land over many years became to known as Kunbi and then later Kanbi. The Kanbi caste later became known as two groups, Laua Kanbi (migrants from the Lya district of Punjab) and Kadva Kanbi (migrants from Karad district)

Therefore, Gujarati Patidars can be thought of two groups:

==Laua Kanbi (2) Kadwa Kanbi==

Migration of Kurmi Kshtriyas from Punjab (BC 2000 – BC 1000):

During the period there was a huge increase in the Aryan population of Punjab as many groups migrated there. There was shortage of farming land and so many groups spread towards northern Rajasthan, Bengal and Bihar. As a result of this migration, the main occupant of this area in present times is the Kurmi Kshtriyas.

Migration of Kurmi in to Gujarat:

Migration in to Gujarat region took between 600Bc and 200AD. The Kurmis who left Punjab migrated to Rajasthan, Saurastra, Vadnagar and ofcourse to the whole Gujarat. These Kurmi migrant were mostly from Karad Region of Punjab and so were known as Kadwa Kurmi. Lor Kurmi’s came to Adalaj via Ajmer, Marwar, Jaypur and Bhinamal.

As the population increased in Adalaj, the Kurmis migrated firstly to Daskoi and from there to Charotar, Bhal, and Vakal and to Kanam and further to Kathlal, Kapadwanj and via Salvi to Champaner. After settling around these areas, Laua and Kadwa kanbis reached Vadodra, Bharuch, Surat and Valsad districts. Thereby spreading themselves almost all the villages of Gujarat.

==The Origins of Word ‘Patel’==

The actual name is derivative of the word ‘Patlik’. The name was first used in Gujarat during the era of the Muslim Sultans (1412 AD – 1573 AD). The headmen in the village were appointed by Sultans and were known as ‘Mukhis’. Mukhi is a word derived from the Arabic word Mukta. Through time, these headmen became called Patel (derived from Patlik or Akshpatlik or Akshpatal). Eventually even relatives and friends of Mukhis started calling themselves Patel. It seems as though the word came into use after 1400AD. Prior to this period, all Patels were known as Kanbis. The name Patel is a surname and not a caste. It is also used by certain other groups of people such as Brahmins, Vanias, Muslims, Harijans, Tailors and Cobblers. Although, the use of the name within these groups has declined in recent times. At present, the surname Patel is only used by Kanbis and so it is knows as their surname and not their cast. In the state of Maharastra Patels are known as Patils.

==The Origins of Patidars in Gujarat==

The name ‘Patel’ had been in use for three hundred years, when a man called Vasandas from Piplav (Kheda) village was offered the job of collecting land revenues in the Dholka, Matar and Petlad area. Vasandas was a brave man and had a good deal of influence over the Mogul King, Aurangzeb. During one of his meetings (1703A.D.) with Kanbis at Piplav, he invited Bahdur Shah (Son of Aurangzeb) to his meeting and asked his permission to use the word ’Patidar’ instead of ‘Kanbi’.

T==he Meaning of Patidar is Landowner:==

Pati = land, Dar = owner. During this period Nagar Brahmins had the sole authority to collect the land taxes and therefore used to have the upper hand on the Patidars and harass them. They used to work them extremely hard and confiscate their lands for no apparent reason. Fortunately, Vasandas used his influence on the mogul administrators to transfers the tax collection powers to the Patidars. As a consequence, the Patidar tax collectors were given the titles of ‘Amin’ and ‘Desai’. Therefore, the Patidars caste began to incorporate three surnames Patel, (2) Amin, (3) Desai and Vasandas became the first ever Gujarati Amin!

==The Modern Patidar Community==

The adventurous Patidar community were to find the boundaries of Gujarat very limiting. East Africa was becoming more prosperous and offered attractive prospects. The arrival of railway in East Africa attracted many Gujaratis across Indian Ocean, into jobs as station masters, guards and clerks. As the railway system expanded in Kenya and Uganda, Patel also spread to many small and medium sized towns and villages for trade. The traditional farmers’ sons from Gujarat became successful traders in East Africa. Two decades (1950 – 1970) were known as golden years for the Patel communities.

In early seventies, the East African countries got their Independence in succession. In 1972 a tragic result of Idi Amin’s expulsion of Asians from Uganda, led to thousands of Gujarati families migration to the UK. For the initial part of their new lives, first generation immigrants worked in offices, shops and factories. Thereafter they secured their own businesses – chiefly corner shops we still see today. They work extremely hard, put in long hours and encouraged their children to aspire to educational success. The second generation of these gujarati/Patels studied hard and flourished in higher education. Many graduated in Pharmacy, Engineering and medicine – traditionally only dreamt of by their parents!

Today, there are many Gujaratis/Patels – young and old, leading very comfortable lives in various sectors within British society many it may be professional, industrial, commercial or politics. Patels can also be found thriving as entrepreneurs in a profession of trade, in towns and cities in India and virtually all over the World.

== leva patel =

Leva Patel/Kambi/ Patils claim Suryavanshi origin from Lava (or Leva), the son of Rama in the Hindu epic Ramayana.

[1]According to one theory, Lava established the settlement at Lahore, which was the original residence of Levas.[citation needed] The writer Keshavlal Patel says that, the fourth son of Manu, the hereditors of Disht sect Janmejay (not the Janmejay of Mahabharat), Vishalavati (the present Vyas city in Punjab) was ruling over a region. Lava removed him and established 'Lavapur' and gave the kingdom to his son.

[2] After Lava 55th hereditor Sumitra was defeated by Arjuna's hereditor Parikshit(second) and conquered Punjab. According to Ikshanku sect, Lava and Kush belonged to 40th generation.
The myth of the origin of the Leva Patidar from the descent of the sons of Rama is of prime importance and is mainly used to differentiate the community from the Kadva Patidar of kush origin.

[3] Majority of leva patel community is also found in Saurashtra region

==Patil==
Different scholars have suggested different theories about the origin of the word Patil (also Patel or Patidar). ""chhatrapati shivaji maharaj is also a kurmi and gayekwad king in baroda is also a kurmi kshatriya There are many kurmi kings in india

'Patil' meant "group" or "branch" during the regime of Mohammad Begada. 'Patt'barhate meant "part of the land" and 'Patidar' meant "Tax Collector". 'Patil' meant "chief of the village".[4]
The word Patil could also have derived from 'Patkil'. 'Patu' means "Clever", and "patta" means "Chief". The person who established the village used to become Patil. Patil used to become known, because of Village recognition. Patil was not a government post or self occupied post. Virtues and works of the person used to make him a Patil. Later on this post became hereditary. Patil became the Village King and later received Government honor, even after receiving many posts. The Sardars means "soldiers" who did not give up Patilship.

==History of leva patel==

Originally, the Leva Patils belonged to two provinces (Parganas), the Khandesh province (Pargana), and the Vidarbha province (pargana). Each province (pargana) had a Bhorgaon Panchayat (A Judicial system to solve family & other problems). The head of this province (pargana) received government rights (Deshmukhi rights).
Chaudhari, Chaudhary
Chowdhury (variously spelt) was a Sanskrit and Hindi term literally meaning 'a holder of four', the explanation of which is obscure. They are a class native to Rajasthan, North Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh in India, basically gurjar and Jatt and they are an ethnic group, race, tribe and a people.


==Mahajan== was a person who used to remain present in a meeting, and helped Patils.It is the Respect(Gaurav) given bye patils to the mahajans. This is the main reason between mahajan and patils relation (Prem, Priti, Sneh). The Patil, Deshmukh, Chaudhari and Mahajan were proven to have powers.

==Kutumb Nayak ==(a family leader)
The person who looked after as the chief of Leva Panchayat Province from the Leva Patil was known as 'Kutumb Nayak'.


==Malkapur==
While travelling along the banks of the Tapi river, the community settled in the region of east Khandesh somewhere in 1300 - 1400. It is believed that the first settlements were in the villages named Salva and Nanded, and then predominantly in Raver and Yawal & Bhusawal talukas. The region appears to have fertile soil.
The settlements on either banks of Tapti had subtle differences. People sometimes mischievously call the other bank as "parpatti." The two banks of Tapi are known as "Aar-Patti" and "Par-Patti". People from both banks call the other bank the "Par-Patti".

==Leuva Patels of Kheda==

Most Leva Patels comefrom the Charotar, Anand and Kheda Districts of Gujarat. Leva Patels unlike Kadva Patels use "Patel" as a surname. The main deity of worship for Leva Patel's is khodiyar mata.
==patel facts==

PATEL IS THE 2nd IN INDIA....AND 1ST IN GUJARAT
5 th IN ASIA.......
10th IN WORLD MOST COMMON SURNAME.........
20% OF INDIA"S.... 80% OF GUJURAT BUSINESS HANDLE BY PATEL"S....
5 th most richest community in the world...
PATEL SURNAME HAVE 423 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUB SURNAME.....
70% NRI ARE PATEL"S....
PATEL ARE OFFICIALS SURNAME OF 45 COUNTRY...

PATEL ARE PATIDAR KURMI HINDU KSHTRIYA.....""PATEL""THE NAME…ENOUGH



==Distribution==
==Distribution==

Revision as of 10:10, 1 May 2012

Patel
ReligionsHinduism, Islam
LanguagesKurmali, Hindi, Chhattisgarhi, Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, Oriya, Telugu, South Indian languages and dialects
Populated statesNorthern India, Western India, Central India, South India, Gujarat, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh

Patel (also known as a Patidar) is surname of Indian origin mainly used by people belonging to Hindu Agricultural Communities viz. Kurmi or Kunbi, Koli or Kories, Adivasi(Indian Aborigines), Teli, etc. Muslim Community people of Maharashtra and Gujarat in India and Pakistan also use Patel surname.

Distribution

The name Patel is found primarily in the Indian state of Gujarat,[1] along with Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Karnataka, as well as metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat, and Delhi. Within the United Kingdom, it is the twenty-fourth most common surname nationally,[2] and the third most common in the Greater London region.[3] In the US, the surname "Patel" ranks 174 among the top 500 list of most common last names.[4] The majority of those with the Patel last name are Hindus. However, Parsis and Muslims also carry the surname "Patel" (see also Muslim Patel).[5]

Gujarat

Patel represents a section of Gujarati population that were historically farmers and landowners; the term patel itself meaning "village headman".[6] The Patels forms large population in the state of Gujarat in India and also the United Kingdom and the United States. Gujarati Patels were historically landowners and farmers, and traditionally strict vegetarians. The Patel community varies by religion and ideology, with disparate groups having their own samaj (social gatherings) and mandirs. Traditionally Gujarati Patels married within their own gol (circle), though this custom had faded in the modern era.

Diaspora

Other Indians who migrated out of what is now the state of Gujarat during the British Raj to British East Africa (Kenya and Uganda) sometimes adopted the surname Patel, and this surname was then subsequently passed onto their descendants (who now mainly reside outside Kenya and Uganda). Also, during the British Raj, some 'Patels' who migrated to British East Africa and the Union of South Africa (South Africa) adopted different surnames, usually the name of their village, their trade or even their grandfather's name. Subsequently, these surnames have been passed down to their descendants.

"Patel Motel" phenomenon

The "Patel motel" phenomenon, as it is popularly known, has made a major impact on the American hospitality industry.

A sizable number of Indian immigrants to the United States came in the 1960s and 1970s. Some came to pursue higher educations, but upon graduating with MBAs, Engineering, etc. degrees could not find professional jobs or jobs that paid well. Many of them saved up and bought up undervalued and dilapidated properties and turned them into businesses.[7] As many as 60% of mid-sized motels and hotel properties, all over the US, are owned by the people of Indian origin. Of this nearly one-third have the surname Patel - a popular one among Indian Gujaratis(those that came from Gujarat).[8][9])

"According to the Asian American Hotel Association (A.A.H.O.A), 50 percent of hotels and motels in the United States are owned by people of Indian Origin".[10] A large immigrant population of Gujurati's came in the 1960s and 1970s. These Patels known as the founding fathers, worked hard and saved then invested in a lot of properties. Having a steady amount income and savings, they called over their distant relatives and friends from the villages of India. Upon their arrival, they would already have financial assistance from the founding fathers and start up their own businesses.

Notables

Further information: List of Patels

References

  1. ^ Washburn, Edward (10000 bc). India Old and New: With a Memorial Address. p. 178. ISBN 0-543-99414-7. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ The BBC Four programme Meet the Patels asserted that there are around 410,000 to 670,000 Patels in the United Kingdom.
  3. ^ Most common surnames in Greater London, UK
  4. ^ US Census 2000: Most Common Surnames
  5. ^ Bhakta, Govind (2002). The Patels: A Gujarati Community History in the US. ISBN 0-934052-39-5.
  6. ^ Gerald Parsons (2 December 1994). The Growth of Religious Diversity: Traditions. Psychology Press. pp. 188–. ISBN 978-0-415-08326-3. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  7. ^ Skop, Emily (2007). "Asian Indians and the Construction of Community and Identity". In Ines M. Miyares, Christopher A. Airriess (ed.). Contemporary ethnic geographies in America. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-7425-3772-9. Retrieved 13 August 2010. {{cite book}}: More than one of |pages= and |page= specified (help)
  8. ^ Kamdar, Mira (2007). Planet India: how the fastest-growing democracy is transforming America and the world. Simon and Schuster. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-7432-9685-4.
  9. ^ Ungar, Sanford J. (1998). Fresh blood: the new American immigrants. U of Illinois P. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-252-06702-0.
  10. ^ Varadarajan, Tunku. A Patel Motel Cartel?. New York Times, 4 July 1999

Sources

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