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==Separation of metals==
==Separation of metals==
A failure in the bimetallic locking mechanism in the first batch of ''Toonies'' caused some coins to separate if struck hard or frozen. Despite media reports of defective ''toonies'', the Canadian Mint responded that the odds of a ''toonie'' falling apart were about 1 in 60 million.<ref name="Archives.cbc.ca"/> It is against the law to deliberately attempt to separate a toonie. Defacing coin currency is a summary offence under the Canadian Criminal Code, section 456.<ref>[http://canadianlawyers.ca/justice-the-facts/weird-canadian-laws/weirdest-canadianlaws-queen-and-country/ Queen and Country]. CanadianLawyers.ca . Retrieved 8 December 2011.</ref>
A failure in the bimetallic locking mechanism in the first batch of ''Toonies'' caused some coins to separate if struck hard or frozen. Despite media reports of defective ''toonies'', the Canadian Mint responded that the odds of a ''toonie'' falling apart were about 1 in 60 million.<ref name="Archives.cbc.ca"/> '''It is against the law to deliberately attempt to separate a toonie.''' Defacing coin currency is a summary offence under the Canadian Criminal Code, section 456.<ref>[http://canadianlawyers.ca/justice-the-facts/weird-canadian-laws/weirdest-canadianlaws-queen-and-country/ Queen and Country]. CanadianLawyers.ca . Retrieved 8 December 2011.</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 06:06, 23 August 2012

Toonie
Canada
Value2.00 CAD
Mass6.92 (was 7.30 before 2012[1]) g
Diameter28[2] mm
Thickness1.75[2] (was 1.8 before 2012[3]) mm
EdgeIntermittent milled/smooth
Composition1996–2011
outer ring
  99% Ni
inner core
  aluminium bronze
  (92% Cu, 6% Al, 2% Ni)

2012–
outer ring
  steel,
  nickel plating
inner core
  aluminium bronze,
  brass plating
Years of minting1996–present
Catalog number-
Obverse
DesignElizabeth II, Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada
DesignerSusanna Blunt
Design date2003
Reverse
DesignPolar Bear in early summer on an ice floe
DesignerBrent Townsend
Design date1996

The Canadian 2 dollar coin, commonly called toonie, was introduced on February 19, 1996 by Public Works minister Diane Marleau. The toonie is a bi-metallic coin which bears an image of a polar bear, by Campbellford, Ontario artist Brent Townsend, on the reverse. The obverse, like all other current Canadian coins, has a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. It has the words "ELIZABETH II / D.G. REGINA" in a different typeface from any other Canadian coin; it is also the only coin to consistently bear its issue date on the obverse.

The coin is manufactured using a patented distinctive bi-metallic coin locking mechanism.[2] The coins are estimated to last 20 years. The discontinued two-dollar bill was less expensive to manufacture, but on average each bill lasted only one year.[4]

Prior to 2012, the coin consisted of an aluminium bronze inner core with a pure nickel outer ring;[5] however in spring 2012 the composition of the inner core switched to aluminium bronze coated with multi-ply plated brass, and the outer ring switched to steel coated with multi-ply plated nickel. The weight dropped from 7.30 to 6.92 grams, and the thickness changed from 1.8 to 1.75 millimetres. The Mint states that multi-ply plated steel technology, already used in Canada's smaller coinage, produces an electromagnetic signature that is harder to counterfeit than that for regular alloy coins; also, using steel provides cost savings and avoids fluctuations in price or supply of nickel.[1][6]

On April 10, 2012, the Royal Canadian Mint announced design changes to the loonie and toonie, which include new security features.[7][8]

Naming

"Toonie" is a portmanteau word combining the number "two" with the name of the loonie, Canada's one-dollar coin. It is occasionally spelled "twonie" or "twoonie", but Canadian newspapers and the Royal Canadian Mint use the "toonie" spelling.

When the coin was introduced, a number of nicknames were suggested. Some of the early ones included the bearie (analogous to the Loonie and its loon), the bearly, the deuce, the doubloonie (a play on "double loonie" and the former Spanish doubloon coin), and the moonie (because it depicted "the Queen with a bear behind").[9]

Jack Iyerak Anawak, Member of Parliament from Nunatsiaq, Nunavut, suggested the name Nanuq [nanook, polar bear] in honour of Canada's Inuit people and their northern culture; however, this culturally meaningful proposal went largely unnoticed beside the popular "toonie".[10][11]

The name "toonie" became so widely accepted that in 2006 the Royal Canadian Mint secured the rights to it. A competition to name the bear resulted in the name "Churchill", a reference both to Winston Churchill and to the common polar bear sightings in Churchill, Manitoba.[12]

Launch

Under the direction of Dr. Hieu C. Truong, the RCM engineering division designed the two dollar coin to be made from two different metals. The metals for the bi-metallic coin would be lighter and thinner than those produced anywhere in the world. To join the two parts, the engineering division perfected a bi-mechanic locking mechanism.[13] By the end of 1996, the Winnipeg facility had struck 375 million of these coins.[14] The coin was officially launched at Ben’s Deli in Montreal on February 19, 1996.[13]

The weight of the coin was originally specified as 112.64 grains, equivalent to 7.299 grams.[15]

The community of Campbellford, home to the coin's designer, constructed a 27-foot toonie monument,[16] similar to the "Big Loonie" in Echo Bay and the Big Nickel in Sudbury.

Commemorative editions

Year Theme Artist Mintage Special Notes
1999 The founding of Nunavut G. Arnaktavyok 25,130,000 Commemorating the founding of Nunavut, featuring an Inuit drummer.
2000 Knowledge/Le Savoir Tony Bianco 29,880,000 Millennium edition, the coin value "2 DOLLARS" appears on the obverse instead of on the reverse. It also features three polar bears.

The issue date of the 2000 coin is on the reverse instead of the obverse side.[17]

2002 The 50th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth's reign Brent Townsend 27,020,000 The issue date reads 1952-2002.
2006 10th Anniversary Tony Bianco 35,319,000 Featuring an updated pose of the bear looking up at the dramatic lines of an Aurora Borealis. The first circulation coin to be introduced with the new 'mintmark'.[18]

The issue date reads 1996-2006.[19]

2008 400th Anniversary of founding of Quebec City & 1st French settlement in North America. The coin was designed by Quebec City native Genevieve Bertrand, a jeweller who practices her craft at a boutique in St-Georges-de-Beauce. The engraving was done by RCM engraver William Woodruff. 6,000,000 The design of the coin is dominated by a large fleur-de-lis. Other elements include a ship, and lines representing the St. Lawrence River.[20]
2011 Boreal Forest Nolin BBDO Montreal 5,000,000 Celebrates Canada's boreal forest that covers over half of Canada's landmass. Features 3 stylized trees, a bird and a man.[21]
2012 War of 1812: HMS Shannon Bonnie Ross TBD Part of a series of commemorative issues on the War of 1812. Features a modified reverse with the HMS Shannon in the centre core, as well as artwork with "The War of 1812, HMS Shannon" in the outer ring.

Specimen set editions

Year Theme Artist Mintage Issue price
2010 Young Lynx Christie Paquet 15000 $49.95
2012 Wolf Cubs Emily Damstra 15000 $49.95

First strikes

Year Theme Mintage Issue Price
2005 Polar Bear 2,375 $14.95
2006 10th Anniversary Toonie 5,000 $15.95
2006 New Mint Mark 5,000 $29.95

Separation of metals

A failure in the bimetallic locking mechanism in the first batch of Toonies caused some coins to separate if struck hard or frozen. Despite media reports of defective toonies, the Canadian Mint responded that the odds of a toonie falling apart were about 1 in 60 million.[9] It is against the law to deliberately attempt to separate a toonie. Defacing coin currency is a summary offence under the Canadian Criminal Code, section 456.[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Order Amending Part 2 of the Schedule to the Royal Canadian Mint Act". Canada Gazette. Government of Canada. Retrieved 2012-01-14.
  2. ^ a b c "Balance and composition – the 2-dollar coin". Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
  3. ^ "The New $2 Coin". Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
  4. ^ Fred Langan. "Canada's new coin a 'toonie'? By Fred Langan THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR - Tuesday, Feb. 20, 1996 | 11:59 a.m." Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  5. ^ George S. Čuhaj; Thomas Michael (11 July 2011). 2012 Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001 to Date. Krause Publications. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-4402-1575-9.
  6. ^ "Material change in store for loonies, toonies". Montreal Gazette. Postmedia News. January 14, 2012.
  7. ^ Royal Canadian Mint. "The Loonie and Toonie have evolved". Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
  8. ^ [1] Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved 2012-07-12.
  9. ^ a b "'Toonie' makes its debut - CBC Archives". Archives.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  10. ^ "Jack Iyerak Anawak on Two-Dollar Coin - Hansard April 26th, 1996, Retrieved March 30, 2011". Openparliament.ca. 1996-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  11. ^ "WordReference Forums - Vocabulaire Anglo-Normand, Retrieved March 30, 2011". Forum.wordreference.com. 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  12. ^ Royal Canadian Mint. "Canadians Choose Churchill as Official Name of Toonie Polar Bear." Retrieved 27 Jan 2011.
  13. ^ a b Royal Canadian Mint: 100 Years of History, p.177, Published by Les Éditions Stromboli, 2008, St. Lambert, Québec, Canada, Project Co-Oridnator: Francesco Bellomo, Project Manager for Royal Canadian Mint: Susan Aubry, Legal Deposit: Library and Archives Canada, ISBN 2-921800-26-8
  14. ^ The Charlton Standard Catalogue of Canadian Coins, 61st Edition, p.139, edited by W.K. Cross, The Charlton Press, Toronto, Ontario, ISBN 0-88968-315-0
  15. ^ "Canada Gazette, 42-43-44 ELIZABETH II, Chapter 26, p. 614".
  16. ^ "Canada's two-dollar coin and its polar bear turn 10 this year". CNW Telbec, August 28, 2006.
  17. ^ "Order Authorizing the Issue of a Two Dollar Circulation Coin Commemorating the Millenium and Specifying its Characteristics, SOR/2000-245". CanLII. 2011-11-19. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  18. ^ "'Toonie' turns 10 ... and gets a facelift". Cbc.ca. 2006-08-28. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
  19. ^ http://www.talismancoins.com/catalog/Canada_2006_10thAnn_$2.jpg
  20. ^ Quebec City - 400th Anniversary Toonie. Royal Canadian Mint. Retrieved 27 Jan 2011.
  21. ^ [2]
  22. ^ Queen and Country. CanadianLawyers.ca . Retrieved 8 December 2011.