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In 1969, she appeared in her first and only [[musical film]], ''[[Paint Your Wagon (film)|Paint Your Wagon]]'', based on [[Lerner and Loewe]]'s stage musical, and co-starring [[Lee Marvin]] and [[Clint Eastwood]], but her singing voice was dubbed by [[Anita Gordon]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Music of the Postwar Era |last=Tyler |first=Don |year=2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]] |location=United States of America |isbn=978-0-313-34191-5 |page=152 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=slHsWvLKB5sC&pg=PA152 |accessdate=June 25, 2010 |quote=Marvin and Eastwood sang, but Miss Seberg's vocals were dubbed by Anita Gordon.}}</ref> Seberg also starred in the [[disaster film]] ''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]'' (1970) opposite [[Burt Lancaster]] and [[Dean Martin]].
In 1969, she appeared in her first and only [[musical film]], ''[[Paint Your Wagon (film)|Paint Your Wagon]]'', based on [[Lerner and Loewe]]'s stage musical, and co-starring [[Lee Marvin]] and [[Clint Eastwood]], but her singing voice was dubbed by [[Anita Gordon]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Music of the Postwar Era |last=Tyler |first=Don |year=2008 |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group|Greenwood Press]] |location=United States of America |isbn=978-0-313-34191-5 |page=152 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=slHsWvLKB5sC&pg=PA152 |accessdate=June 25, 2010 |quote=Marvin and Eastwood sang, but Miss Seberg's vocals were dubbed by Anita Gordon.}}</ref> Seberg also starred in the [[disaster film]] ''[[Airport (1970 film)|Airport]]'' (1970) opposite [[Burt Lancaster]] and [[Dean Martin]].


At the peak of her career, Seberg suddenly stopped acting in Hollywood films. Reportedly, she was not pleased with the roles she had been offered, some of which, she noted, bordered on pornography.<ref name="filmthreat.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmthreat.com/interviews/1181/|title=The Jean Seberg Enigma: Interview With Garry Mcgee|work=Film Threat|accessdate=July 17, 2011}}</ref> Conversely, she was not offered any great Hollywood roles, regardless of their size. <ref name="filmthreat.com"/> No conclusive evidence of a [[Blacklist | 'blacklisting']] exists, which is fairly normal, as such [[Blacklist | blacklists]] are usually secret. That said, experts in FBI COINTELPRO activities suggest that Ms. Seberg was "[[Blacklist | effectively blacklisted]] "<ref>FBI Secrets: An Agent's Expose. by M. Wesley Swearinge</ref> from Hollywood films, as was [[Jane Fonda]], for a period of time.
At the peak of her career, Seberg suddenly stopped acting in Hollywood films. Reportedly, she was not pleased with the roles she had been offered, some of which, she noted, bordered on pornography.<ref name="filmthreat.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.filmthreat.com/interviews/1181/|title=The Jean Seberg Enigma: Interview With Garry Mcgee|work=Film Threat|accessdate=July 17, 2011}}</ref> Conversely, she was not offered any great Hollywood roles, regardless of their size. <ref name="filmthreat.com"/> Experts in FBI COINTELPRO activities suggest that Ms. Seberg was "[[Blacklist | effectively blacklisted]] "<ref>FBI Secrets: An Agent's Expose. by M. Wesley Swearinge</ref> from Hollywood films, as was [[Jane Fonda]], for a period of time. No conclusive evidence of a [[Blacklist | 'blacklisting']] exists, yet this is fairly normal, as such [[Blacklist | blacklists]] are usually secret. Ms. Seberg is documented as being under FBI investigation during this time, so the idea that Ms. Seberg was [[Blacklist | blacklisted]] is logical.


Seberg was François Truffaut's first choice for the central role of Julie in ''[[Day for Night (film)|Day for Night]]'' but, after several fruitless attempts to contact her, Truffaut gave up and cast British actress [[Jacqueline Bisset]] instead.<ref>{{cite book | first=Garry | last=McGee | title=Jean Seberg – Breathless | publisher=BearManor Media | location=Albany, GA | year=2008 | isbn=1-59393-127-1|page=238}}</ref> Her last US film appearance was in the TV movie ''Mousey'' (1974). Seberg remained busy during the 1970s, but only in European films.
Seberg was François Truffaut's first choice for the central role of Julie in ''[[Day for Night (film)|Day for Night]]'' but, after several fruitless attempts to contact her, Truffaut gave up and cast British actress [[Jacqueline Bisset]] instead.<ref>{{cite book | first=Garry | last=McGee | title=Jean Seberg – Breathless | publisher=BearManor Media | location=Albany, GA | year=2008 | isbn=1-59393-127-1|page=238}}</ref> Her last US film appearance was in the TV movie ''Mousey'' (1974). Seberg remained busy during the 1970s, but only in European films.

Revision as of 12:52, 12 September 2012

Jean Seberg
Born(1938-11-13)November 13, 1938
Marshalltown, Iowa, U.S.
DiedAugust 30, 1979(1979-08-30) (aged 40)
Paris, France
OccupationActress
Years active1957–79
Spouse(s)François Moreuil (1958–60)
Romain Gary (1963–70; 1 child)
Dennis Charles Berry (1972–1979; separated; her death)
PartnerAhmed Hasni (1978–79)

Jean Dorothy Seberg[1] (November 13, 1938 – August 30, 1979) was an American actress. She starred in 37 films in Hollywood and in France, including Bonjour Tristesse (1958), Breathless (1960), the musical Paint Your Wagon (1969) and the disaster film Airport (1970).

Jean Seberg is also one of the most well-known victims of FBI COINTELPRO project. Her victimization was rendered as a well-documented retaliation for her support of civil rights and activist groups in the 1960s.

Early life

Jean Seberg was born in Marshalltown, Iowa, the daughter of Dorothy Arline (née Benson), a substitute teacher, and Edward Waldemar Seberg, a druggist.[2][3][4] Her family was Lutheran and of Swedish, English, and German ancestry.[4][5][6] Seberg studied at the University of Iowa.[7][8]

Film career

Seberg made her film debut in 1957 in the title role of Saint Joan, from the Shaw play, after being chosen from 18,000 hopefuls by director Otto Preminger in a $150,000 talent search. Her name was entered by a neighbor.[9] By the time she was cast, on October 21, 1956, her only acting experience had been a single season of summer stock performances.[10] The film was paired with a great deal of publicity about which Seberg commented that she was "embarrassed by all the attention".[9] Despite a big build-up, called in the press a "Pygmalion experiment", both the film and Seberg received poor notices.[11] On the failure, she later told the press:

"I have two memories of Saint Joan. The first was being burned at the stake in the picture. The second was being burned at the stake by the critics. The latter hurt more. I was scared like a rabbit and it showed on the screen. It was not a good experience at all. I started where most actresses end up."[12]

Preminger, though, had promised her a second chance,[11] and he cast Seberg in his next film Bonjour Tristesse the following year, which was filmed in France. Regarding his decision, Preminger told the press: "It's quite true that, if I had chosen Audrey Hepburn instead of Jean Seberg, it would have been less of a risk, but I prefer to take the risk. [..] I have faith in her. Sure, she still has things to learn about acting, but so did Kim Novak when she started."[11] Seberg again received atrocious reviews and the film nearly ended her career.[12] Her next role was in the 1959 comedy, The Mouse That Roared, starring Peter Sellers.

Deciding she had no luck in English-language films, Seberg moved to France, where she scored success as the free-love heroine of French New Wave films.[12] Most notably, she appeared as Patricia in Jean-Luc Godard's Breathless (original French title: À bout de souffle), in which she co-starred with Jean-Paul Belmondo. The film became an international success and critics praised Seberg's performance, François Truffaut even hailing her "the best actress in Europe."[13] Despite her achievements in this genre, Seberg did not identify with her characters or the film plots, saying that she was "making films in France about people [she's] not really interested in."[12] The critics did not agree with Seberg's absence of enthusiasm, and raved about her performances, inspiring Hollywood and Broadway to make her important offers.[12]

In 1961, Seberg took on the lead role in her then husband François Moreuil's debut film, La recréation. By that time, Seberg had been estranged from Moreuil, and she recollected that production was "pure hell" and that he "would scream at [her]."[12] After moving back to the United States, she starred opposite Warren Beatty in Lilith (1964), which prompted the critics to acknowledge Seberg as a serious actress.[13]

In 1969, she appeared in her first and only musical film, Paint Your Wagon, based on Lerner and Loewe's stage musical, and co-starring Lee Marvin and Clint Eastwood, but her singing voice was dubbed by Anita Gordon.[14] Seberg also starred in the disaster film Airport (1970) opposite Burt Lancaster and Dean Martin.

At the peak of her career, Seberg suddenly stopped acting in Hollywood films. Reportedly, she was not pleased with the roles she had been offered, some of which, she noted, bordered on pornography.[15] Conversely, she was not offered any great Hollywood roles, regardless of their size. [15] Experts in FBI COINTELPRO activities suggest that Ms. Seberg was " effectively blacklisted "[16] from Hollywood films, as was Jane Fonda, for a period of time. No conclusive evidence of a 'blacklisting' exists, yet this is fairly normal, as such blacklists are usually secret. Ms. Seberg is documented as being under FBI investigation during this time, so the idea that Ms. Seberg was blacklisted is logical.

Seberg was François Truffaut's first choice for the central role of Julie in Day for Night but, after several fruitless attempts to contact her, Truffaut gave up and cast British actress Jacqueline Bisset instead.[17] Her last US film appearance was in the TV movie Mousey (1974). Seberg remained busy during the 1970s, but only in European films.

Seberg later appeared in Bianchi cavalli d'Agosto (White Horses of Summer) (1975), Le Grand Délire (Die Große Ekstase) (1975, with husband Dennis Berry) and Die Wildente (1976, based on Ibsen's The Wild Duck[18]).

FBI COINTELPRO Investigation

FBI inter-office memo: "... cause her embarrassment and cheapen her image"

"There is no indication that Richard Wallace ever considered [the Seberg scam] to be anything other than an extremely successful COINTELPRO operation"[19]

During the late 1960s, Seberg provided financial support to various groups supporting civil rights, such as the NAACP and Native American school groups such as the Mesquaki Bucks at the Tama settlement near her home town of Marshalltown, for whom she purchased $500 worth of basketball uniforms. FBI management was very upset about several gifts to the Black Panther Party[20], totalling $10,500 (estimated) in contributions; these were noted among a list of other celebrities in FBI internal documents later released under FOIA. This financial support, and her alleged interracial love affairs or friendships were evident triggers to a large-scale FBI program deployment in her direction.

FBI inter-office memo: "Usual precautions to avoid identification of the Bureau"

The FBI operation against Seberg used COINTELPRO program techniques to harass, intimidate, defame and discredit the well-known actress.[21] The FBI's stated goal was an unspecified "neutralization" of Ms. Seberg; all intended to be done while hiding FBI involvement. One stated FBI subsidiary objective was to "cause her embarrassment and serve to cheapen her image with the public", while taking the "usual precautions to avoid identification of the Bureau".[22] FBI strategy and modalities can be found in FBI inter-office memos, since declassified and released to the public under FOIA[23] .

"Jean Seberg... should be neutralized"

In 1970, the FBI created the false story[24] from a San Francisco-based informant, that the child she was carrying was not fathered by her husband Romain Gary, but by a member of the Black Panther Party, Raymond Hewitt.[25] The story was reported by gossip columnist Joyce Haber of the Los Angeles Times.[26] It was also printed by Newsweek magazine.[27] She gave birth to a girl named Nina on August 23, 1970 in Geneva, but the infant died two days later.[28] She held an open casket funeral in her hometown to allow the curious to see the infant's white skin, to disprove the rumors.[29] FBI organization of the defamation is detailed in a series of FBI memos, released to the public under FOIA.

Surveillance, U.S. and abroad

The 'investigation' of Ms. Seberg went far beyond the publishing of defamatory articles. According to her friends, interviewed after her death, Ms. Seberg experienced years of aggressive in-person surveillance (constant stalking), as well as break-ins and other intimidation oriented activity. FBI files show that not only was she wiretapped, but aggressive U.S. official surveillance was deployed while she was travelling in Switzerland[23] and Italy, and while she resided in France.[23] i.e. FBI files show that the FBI cross-contacted the "FBI Legat" (legal attachés) in U.S. Embassies in Paris and Rome, to monitor the actress while abroad; the FBI also provided files on Seberg to the CIA, U.S. Secret Service and U.S. Military intelligence to assist in monitoring Ms. Seberg while travelling abroad.[23] Newspaper reports after her death make clear Seberg was aware of the surveillance; in 1980, the Los Angeles Times published FBI logs of her Swiss wiretapped phone calls:

"It doesn't matter you know, I've got little friends who follow"[23]

Hoover, Nixon involved

FBI records released show that J. Edgar Hoover himself kept U.S. President Richard Nixon informed of FBI activities related to the Jean Seberg case via President Nixon's domestic affairs chief John Ehrlichman; John Mitchell, then Attorney General, and Deputy Attorney General Richard Kleindienst were also kept informed of FBI activities related to Jean Seberg.[30]

Lurid aspects

FBI files are full of judgmental and derogatory statements about Seberg's intimate personal life. For example, she was referred to as "the alleged promiscuous and sex-perverted white actress".[23] Not all the information about her case was released to the public; principally, only the files related to the newspaper libel affair were released.

FBI abuse

Did a rumor planted by Hoover's aides lead to her death?[31]

Six days after the discovery of her body in a car in Paris, dead from an apparent suicide by overdose, the FBI released documents under FOIA admitting the well-planned defamation of Ms. Seberg,[32][33] while making statements attempting to distance themselves from practices of the Hoover era. FBI COINTELPRO scholars were unimpressed with this rhetoric.[19] FBI abuse of Ms. Seberg was further explored at this time by Time Magazine in a front page article, "the FBI vs. Jean Seberg".[34] Media attention surrounding the abuse she suffered at FBI hands led to examination of the case by the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a.k.a. "the Church Committee", which noted that notwithstanding FBI claims of reform, that, "COINTELPRO activities may continue today under the rubric of investigation".[35][36]

Los Angeles Times Editor Jim Bellows, in his autobiography,[36] described events leading up to the Seberg articles, in which he expressed regret that he had not vetted the Seberg articles sufficiently. He echoed this sentiment in subsequent interviews.[37]

"This is not about gossip," Halberstam said recently. "This is really about political reporting of a very dubious kind. The Times did not set out to destroy her. One powerful institution manipulated another. The result was the destruction of a fragile human being."[38]

Jean Seberg's family blames the FBI smear campaign for her death.[39]

The Seberg case remains a hallmark case, examined to this day,[40] vis-à-vis U.S. intelligence abuses directed towards U.S. citizens.

Personal life

Seberg married François Moreuil, a French movie director who directed her in La récréation, in 1958; they divorced in 1960. According to Seberg, the marriage was a "violent" one, and she complained that she "got married for all the wrong reasons."[12] On living in France for a period of time, Seberg said in an interview:

"I'm enjoying it to the fullest extent. I've been tremendously lucky to have gone through this experience at an age where I can still learn. That doesn't mean that I will stay here. I'm in Paris because my work has been here. I'm not an expatriate. I will go where the work is. The French life has its drawbacks. One of them is the formality. The system seems to be based on saving the maximum of yourself for those nearest you. Perhaps that is better than the other extreme in Hollywood, where people give so much of themselves in public life that they have nothing left over for their families. Still, it is hard for an American to get used to. Often I will get excited over a luncheon table only to have the hostess say discreetly that coffee will be served in the other room. [..] I miss that casualness and friendliness of Americans, the kind that makes people smile. I also miss blue jeans, milk shakes, thick steaks and supermarkets."[12]

In 1963, she married French novelist and diplomat Romain Gary, who was 24 years her senior and was previously married. Their only child together, Alexandre Diego Gary, was born in Barcelona on July 24, 1962 before their wedding (Gary divorce from his first wife was officialized the next year); for this, Diego's birth and first years of life were hidden from even Gary's closest friends and relatives. Thanks to his contacts in the diplomatics services, Gary established Diego's birth at the French village of Charquemont on October 26, 1963, after his parents' marriage.[41] During her marriage to Gary, Seberg lived in Paris, Greece, Southern France and Majorca.[42] Jean's second child, Nina Hart Gary (born August 23, 1970 - died August 25, 1970) was acknowledged by Gary as his own, but during her pregnancy she confessed that the child was actually the product of an affair (during a separation from Gary) with a student revolutionary named Carlos Navarra.[43][44]

In 1972, she married film director Dennis Berry.

In 1979, Jean had "a form of marriage" to Ahmed Hasni while separated from her legally-wed husband.[45] Hasni persuaded her to sell her second apartment on the Rue du Bac, and he kept the proceeds (reportedly 11 million francs in cash), announcing that he would use the money to open a Barcelona restaurant.[46] The couple departed for Spain but she was soon back in Paris alone, and went into hiding from Hasni, who she said had grievously abused her.[47]

Death

Grave of Jean Seberg

In August 1979, she went missing and was found dead eleven days later in the back seat of her car, which was parked close to her Paris apartment in the 16th arrondissement. The police report stated that she had taken a massive overdose of barbiturates[25] and alcohol (8 g/L). A suicide note ("Forgive me. I can no longer live with my nerves.") was found in her hand, and "probable suicide" was ultimately ruled the official cause of death by the French coroner. However, it is often questioned how she could have operated a car with that amount of alcohol in her body, and without the corrective lenses she needed for driving.[48] One year later, her former husband Romain Gary committed suicide.[25]

Seberg was interred in the Cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris, France.[49]

Legacy

In 1995, a documentary of her life was made by Mark Rappaport, titled From the Journals of Jean Seberg. Mary Beth Hurt played Seberg in a voice-over. Appropriately, Hurt was also born in Marshalltown, Iowa, in 1948, attended the same high school as Seberg, and Seberg had been her babysitter. A musical, Jean Seberg, by librettist Julian Barry, composer Marvin Hamlisch, and lyricist Christopher Adler, based on Seberg's life, was presented in 1983 at the National Theatre in London.

Mexican author and diplomat Carlos Fuentes mirrored their short-termed alleged love story in his 1994 novel Diana o La Cazadora Solitaria (Diana, or The Solitary Hunter).

The short 2000 film Je t'aime John Wayne is a tribute parody of Breathless, with Camilla Rutherford playing Seberg's role.

In 2004, the French author Alain Absire published Jean S., a fictionalised biography. Seberg's son, Alexandre Diego Gary, brought a lawsuit unsuccessfully attempting to stop publication.

In 1991, Jodie Foster, a fan of her performance in Breathless, purchased the film rights to the David Richards' biography about Seberg, Played Out: The Jean Seberg Story.[50] She was going to produce and star in the film. The project was cancelled two years later.

In 2011, filming began in New York City on a biopic tentatively titled, 'Jean', starring artist and heiress Daphne Guinness as Jean Seberg.

Since 2011, her hometown of Marshalltown, Iowa began to hold an annual Jean Seberg International Film Festival (JSIFF).[51]

Filmography

Bibliography

  • McGee, Garry (2008). Jean Seberg – Breathless. Albany, GA: BearManor Media. ISBN 1-59393-127-1.
  • Munn, Michael (1992). Clint Eastwood: Hollywood's Loner. London: Robson Books. ISBN 0-86051-790-X.
  • Richards, David (1981). Played Out: The Jean Seberg Story. Random House. ISBN 0-394-51132-8.

References

  1. ^ Jean Seberg – Films as actress:, Film as director:
  2. ^ "Jean Seberg Found Dead in Paris; Actress Was Missing for 10 Days; A Life of Personal Tragedy". The New York Times. September 9, 1979. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  3. ^ Gussow, Mel (November 30, 1980). "The Seberg Tragedy; Jean Seberg". The New York Times. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  4. ^ a b http://www.genealogi.se/shf9731.htm
  5. ^ Millstein, Gilbert (April 7, 1957). "Evolution of a New Saint Joan; Jean Seberg, 18, unknown and barely tried, illustrates how a star is made, if not born". The New York Times. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
  6. ^ Alice Miller
  7. ^ "At the time I was due to audition for Preminger, I was enrolled to study dramatic art at the State University of Iowa, my eventual goal being stardom on Broadway, hopefully." Seberg in Films and Filming, p13, June 1974
  8. ^ http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2007/07/377068.html
  9. ^ a b "Seberg: Real-life Cinderella" by Peer J. Oppenheimer, The Palm Beach Post, April 28, 1957, p. 11
  10. ^ "'Saint Joan' Chosen", The Spokesman-Review, October 22, 1956, p. 1
  11. ^ a b c "Second Chance for Jean", The Age, October 8, 1957, p. 13
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h "Jean Seberg Failed As Saint On Screen, Scores Success In France As A Sinner" by Bob Thomas, The Blade, August 6, 1961, p. 2
  13. ^ a b "Jean Seberg: A Hollywood tragedy" by Charles Champlin, The Modesto Bee, September 16, 1979, p. F-6
  14. ^ Tyler, Don (2008). Music of the Postwar Era. United States of America: Greenwood Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-313-34191-5. Retrieved June 25, 2010. Marvin and Eastwood sang, but Miss Seberg's vocals were dubbed by Anita Gordon.
  15. ^ a b "The Jean Seberg Enigma: Interview With Garry Mcgee". Film Threat. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
  16. ^ FBI Secrets: An Agent's Expose. by M. Wesley Swearinge
  17. ^ McGee, Garry (2008). Jean Seberg – Breathless. Albany, GA: BearManor Media. p. 238. ISBN 1-59393-127-1.
  18. ^ IMDb
  19. ^ a b Churchill, Ward and Vander Wall, Jim, The Cointelpro Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent, South End Press, Boston, MA, 1990.
  20. ^ Richards, David (1981). Played Out: The Jean Seberg Story. Random House. p. 204. ISBN 0-394-51132-8.
  21. ^ "Star and Victim", Janet Maslin, New York Times, July 12, 1981, http://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/12/books/star-and-victim.html?pagewanted=all
  22. ^ Brodeur, Paul (1997). A Writer in the Cold War. Faber and Faber. pp. 159–65. ISBN 978-0-571-19907-5.
  23. ^ a b c d e f "Extensive probe of Jean Seberg Revealed", Ronald Ostrow, The Times, January 9, 1980. http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/F%20Disk/FBI/FBI%20Cointelpro/Item%2045.pdf
  24. ^ Richards 234–8
  25. ^ a b c Munn, p. 90
  26. ^ Richards, p.239
  27. ^ Richards, p.247
  28. ^ Richards, p.253
  29. ^ Friedrich, Otto (1975). Going crazy: An inquiry into madness in our time. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 230. ISBN 0-671-22174-4.
  30. ^ "Extensive probe of Jean Seberg Revealed", Ronald Ostrow, The Times, January 9, 1980. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/photos/uncategorized/2009/03/22/1980_0106_jean_seberg_2.jpg
  31. ^ "The FBI vs. Jean Seberg" Time Magazine. Sept. 24, 1979 http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947393,00.html#ixzz1rWvMBRDZ
  32. ^ "FBI Admits Spreading Lies About Jean Seberg", Los Angeles Times (front page) Sept. 14, 1979, from 'Times Wire Services' http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/thedailymirror/files/1979_0914_cover.jpg
  33. ^ "The Daily Mirror". Los Angeles Times.
  34. ^ Nation: The FBI vs. Jean Seberg, September 24, 1979. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947393,00.html
  35. ^ Cointelpro: The FBI's Covert Action Programs Against American Citizens, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities. United States Senate, April 23, 1976.
  36. ^ a b Bellows, Jim. The Last Editor, Andrews McMeel Publishing, May, 2011.
  37. ^ "Bellows, Jean Seberg and the FBI", Kevin Roderick, LA Observed, March 13, 2009. http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2009/03/bellows_jean_seberg_and_t.php
  38. ^ LA Times, "The Jean Seberg Affair Revisited" Larry Harnish, March 22, 2009
  39. ^ "The love J. Edgar Hoover does not deserve", Mark Feldstein, Salon.com http://www.salon.com/2011/11/14/the_love_j_edgar_hoover_does_not_deserve/
  40. ^ "The Jean Seberg Affair Revisited" , Allan M. Jallon, The Daily Mirror, March 22, 2009.
  41. ^ Ralph Schoolcraft: Romain Gary: The Man Who Sold His Shadow, Chapter 3, p. 69. On-line (retrieved 10 August 2012)
  42. ^ "What makes Jean Seberg Run?", Tri-City Herald, June 21, 1970, p. 8
  43. ^ (Spanish)CineForEver: La Fragil Jean Seberg (retrieved 10 August 2012)
  44. ^ Biography in Nndb.com (retrieved 10 August 2012)
  45. ^ Richards, p.367
  46. ^ Richards, p.368
  47. ^ Richards, p.369
  48. ^ Richards, p.377
  49. ^ Jean Seberg at Find a Grave access 9/20/2010
  50. ^ "Flashes: September 20, 1991". Entertainment Weekly. September 20, 1991. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  51. ^ http://www.iavalley.edu/mcc/mcc-news/JSIFFOverview.html
  52. ^ This episodic film was originally a collaboration of five directors. Despite being directed by Jean-Luc Godard and shot by Raoul Coutard, Seberg's 20-minute episode (Le Grand Escroc) was cut from the final release (McGee, p.110). It was resurrected and partly shown in From the Journals of Jean Seberg (1995)

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