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{{Expand German|Schmetterlings-Tramete|date=December 2013}}


'''''Trametes versicolor''''' – also known as ''Coriolus versicolor'' and ''Polyporus versicolor'' – is a common [[polypore]] [[mushroom]] found throughout the world. Meaning 'of several colours', ''versicolor'' reliably describes this mushroom found in different colors. By example, due to its resembling multiple colors in the tail of [[wild turkey]], ''T. versicolor'' is commonly called '''turkey tail'''.
'''''Trametes versicolor''''' – also known as ''Coriolus versicolor'' and ''Polyporus versicolor'' – is a common [[polypore]] [[mushroom]] found throughout the world. Meaning 'of several colours', ''versicolor'' reliably describes this mushroom found in different colors. By example, due to its resembling multiple colors in the tail of [[wild turkey]], ''T. versicolor'' is commonly called '''turkey tail'''.

Revision as of 15:45, 2 December 2013

This article is about Trametes versicolor, also known as the unji mushroom. For the town of Undzhi or Unji, see Undzhi.

Trametes versicolor
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Agaricomycetes
Order:
Polyporales
Family:
Polyporaceae
Genus:
Trametes
Species:
T. versicolor
Binomial name
Trametes versicolor
(L.) Lloyd (1920)
Synonyms

Boletus versicolor L. (1753)
Polyporus versicolor (L.) Fr. (1821)
Coriolus versicolor (L.) Quél. (1886)

Trametes versicolor
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Pores on hymenium
Cap is offset or indistinct
Hymenium is decurrent
Lacks a stipe
Spore print is white to yellow
Ecology is saprotrophic
Edibility is edible, but unpalatable

Trametes versicolor – also known as Coriolus versicolor and Polyporus versicolor – is a common polypore mushroom found throughout the world. Meaning 'of several colours', versicolor reliably describes this mushroom found in different colors. By example, due to its resembling multiple colors in the tail of wild turkey, T. versicolor is commonly called turkey tail.

Description and ecology

The top surface of the cap shows typical concentric zones of different colours. Flesh 1–3 mm thick, leathery texture. Cap with rust-brown or darker brown, sometimes blackish zones, Older specimens, such as the one pictured at right, can have zones with green algae growing on them, thus appearing green. Commonly grows in tiled layers. Cap flat, up to 8 x 5 x 0.5-1 centimeters, often triangular or round, with zones of fine hairs. Pore surface whitish to light brown, pores round and with age twisted and labyrinthine. 2-5 pores per millimeter

May be eaten by caterpillars of the fungus moth Nemaxera betulinella and by maggots of the Platypezid fly Polyporivora picta.[1]

Research and traditional medicine

Main article: Polysaccharide-K

According to the American Cancer Society: "Available scientific evidence does not support claims that the raw mushroom itself is an effective anti-cancer agent in humans. But there is some scientific evidence that substances derived from parts of the mushroom may be useful against cancer."[2]

PSK displays anticancer activity in preliminary laboratory assessments in vitro,[3] in vivo[4] and in preliminary human research.[5] Other basic research showed that PSK might reduce mutagen-induced, radiation-induced, and spontaneously induced development of experimental cancer cell preparations.[6] PSK has shown to be beneficial as an adjuvant in the treatment of gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast and lung cancers.[7] Human pilot studies indicate PSK might reduce cancer recurrence when used as an adjuvant[5][8] and other basic research has demonstrated the mushroom can inhibit certain human cancer cell lines in vitro.[9][10][11] Further in vitro studies have shown that a nutraceutical blend (MC-S) of PSK, lentinan and other fungal extracts might also inhibit cancer cell proliferation under laboratory conditions.[12]

The MD Anderson has reported that it is a "promising candidate for chemoprevention due to the multiple effects on the malignant process, limited side effects and safety of daily oral doses for extended periods of time."[13] At present, however, there are no approved drugs, mechanisms of action or scientifically verified anti-disease activities resulting from this mushroom.

Gallery

  • Two varieties of T. versicolor on the same tree stump.
    Two varieties of T. versicolor on the same tree stump.
  • Pale specimens
    Pale specimens
  • Close photo of T. versicolor.
    Close photo of T. versicolor.
  • Close-up showing underside and pores of an older specimen of T. versicolor.
    Close-up showing underside and pores of an older specimen of T. versicolor.

See also

References

  1. ^ Chandler, Peter J. (2001), The Flat-footed flies (Opetiidae and Platypezidae) of Europe, Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, vol. 36, Leiden: Brill, pp. 1–278, ISBN 90-04-12023-8
  2. ^ "Coriolus Versicolor". American Cancer Society. November 2008.
  3. ^ Jiménez-Medina E, Berruguilla E, Romero I; et al. (2008), "The immunomodulator PSK induces in vitro cytotoxic activity in tumour cell lines via arrest of cell cycle and induction of apoptosis", BMC Cancer, 8: 78, doi:10.1186/1471-2407-8-78, PMC 2291471, PMID 18366723. {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ Yamasaki A, Shoda M, Iijima H; et al. (2009), "A protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, enhances tumor suppression induced by docetaxel in a gastric cancer xenograft model", Anticancer Res., 29 (3): 843–50, PMID 19414318. {{citation}}: Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ a b Oba K, Teramukai S, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J (2007), "Efficacy of adjuvant immunochemotherapy with polysaccharide K for patients with curative resections of gastric cancer", Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 56 (6): 905–11, doi:10.1007/s00262-006-0248-1, PMID 17106715. {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Cite error: The named reference "pmid17106715" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  6. ^ "Antimetastatic effects of PSK (Krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from basidiomycetes: an overview". Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 4 (3): 275–81. 1995. PMID 7606203.
  7. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 12168863 , please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=12168863 instead.
  8. ^ Sugimachi K, Maehara Y, Ogawa M, Kakegawa T, Tomita M (4 August 1997), "Dose intensity of uracil and tegafur in postoperative chemotherapy for patients with poorly differentiated gastric cancer", Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 40 (3): 233–8, doi:10.1007/s002800050652, PMID 9219507{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ Hsieh TC, Wu JM (2001), "Cell growth and gene modulatory activities of Yunzhi (Windsor Wunxi) from mushroom Trametes versicolor in androgen-dependent and androgen-insensitive human prostate cancer cells", Int J Oncol, 18 (1): 81–8, PMID 11115542 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  10. ^ Dong Y, Yang MM, Kwan CY (1 January 1997), "In vitro inhibition of proliferation of HL-60 cells by tetrandrine and coriolus versicolor peptide derived from Chinese medicinal herbs", Life Sci, 60 (8): 135–40, doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(96)00695-9, PMID 9042394{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ^ Yang MM, Chen Z, Kwok JS (1 January 1992), "The anti-tumor effect of a small polypeptide from Coriolus versicolor (SPCV)", Am J Chin Med, 20 (3–4): 221–32, doi:10.1142/S0192415X92000230, PMID 1471606{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ Clark D, Adams M (2009), "A commercial nutraceutical mix Metabolic Cell-Support (MC-S) inhibits proliferation of cancer cell lines in vitro", Austr. J. Med. Herbal., 21: 39–43
  13. ^ "Coriolus versicolor". Complementary/Integrative Medicine Education Resources. MD Anderson Cancer Center.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trametes versicolor.

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