Nonane: Difference between revisions
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'''Nonane''' is a linear [[alkane]] [[hydrocarbon]] with the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub>. It is a colourless liquid, and highly flammable hence mainly used as a component of the fuel source [[kerosene]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name|url = http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ny-Pi/Petroleum.html|website = www.chemistryexplained.com|access-date = 2016-01-28}}</ref> Other applications include |
'''Nonane''' is a linear [[alkane]] [[hydrocarbon]] with the [[chemical formula]] C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub>. It is a colourless liquid, and highly flammable hence mainly used as a component of the fuel source [[kerosene]].<ref>{{Cite web|title = Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name|url = http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Ny-Pi/Petroleum.html|website = www.chemistryexplained.com|access-date = 2016-01-28}}</ref> Other applications include its uses as a [[solvent]], distillation chaser, [[fuel additive]], and biodegradable detergents.<ref>Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2005; 2000/15OSH/155. http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdf</ref> |
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Nonane has 35 [[structural isomer]]s. |
Nonane has 35 [[structural isomer]]s. |
Revision as of 06:28, 7 February 2016
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Names | |
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IUPAC name
Nonane[1]
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Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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1696917 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.558 |
EC Number |
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240576 | |
MeSH | nonane |
PubChem CID
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RTECS number |
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UN number | 1920 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C9H20 | |
Molar mass | 128.259 g·mol−1 |
Appearance | Colorless liquid |
Odor | Gasoline-like |
Density | 718 mg mL−1 |
Melting point | −54.1 to −53.1 °C; −65.5 to −63.7 °F; 219.0 to 220.0 K |
Boiling point | 150.4 to 151.0 °C; 302.6 to 303.7 °F; 423.5 to 424.1 K |
log P | 5.293 |
Vapor pressure | 0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C) |
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
1.7 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
Refractive index (nD)
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1.405 |
Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C)
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284.34 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
393.67 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−275.7–−273.7 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH⦵298) |
−6125.75–−6124.67 kJ mol−1 |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
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Danger | |
H226, H304, H315, H319, H332, H336 | |
P261, P301+P310, P305+P351+P338, P331 | |
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
Flash point | 31.0 °C (87.8 °F; 304.1 K) |
205.0 °C (401.0 °F; 478.1 K) | |
Explosive limits | 0.87–2.9% |
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
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none[2] |
REL (Recommended)
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TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)[2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger)
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N.D.[2] |
Related compounds | |
Related alkanes
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Nonane is a linear alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C9H20. It is a colourless liquid, and highly flammable hence mainly used as a component of the fuel source kerosene.[4] Other applications include its uses as a solvent, distillation chaser, fuel additive, and biodegradable detergents.[5]
Nonane has 35 structural isomers.
Its substituent form is nonyl. Its cycloalkane counterpart is cyclononane, (C9H18).
Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is from Latin, not Greek. (A name using a Greek prefix would be enneane.)
See also
References
- ^ "nonane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
- ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0466". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ http://www.ehs.neu.edu/laboratory_safety/general_information/nfpa_hazard_rating/documents/NFPAratingJR.htm
- ^ "Petroleum - Chemistry Encyclopedia - reaction, water, uses, elements, examples, gas, number, name". www.chemistryexplained.com. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
- ^ Health Council of the Netherlands: Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Nonane; Health-based Reassessment of Administrative Occupational Exposure Limits. The Hague: Health Council of the Netherlands, 2005; 2000/15OSH/155. http://www.gezondheidsraad.nl/sites/default/files/0015osh155.pdf
External links
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0466". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- MSDS at Oxford University
- List of isomers of nonane