Soviet frigate Storozhevoy

A Burevestnik-class frigate at anchor. Storozhevoy would have looked identical in most respects to the vessel pictured here.
History
Soviet Union
Name	Storozhevoy
Namesake	Russian for Vigilant
Builder	SY 190 Severnaya Verf
Commissioned	1972–73
Stricken	2004(?)
General characteristics
Class and type	Project 1135 Burevestnik frigate
Displacement	3,300 tons standard, 3,575 tons full load
Length	405.3 ft (123.5 m)
Beam	46.3 ft (14.1 m)
Draught	15.1 ft (4.6 m)
Propulsion	2 shaft; COGAG; 2x M-8k gas-turbines, 40,000 shp; 2x M-62 gas-turbines (cruise), 14,950 shp
Speed	32 knots (59 km/h)
Range	4,995 nmi (9,251 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h)
Complement	200
Armament	1× 4 SS-N-14 'Silex' ASW missiles 2× SA-N-4'Gecko' SAM (40 missiles) 4× 76 mm guns (2×2) 2 × RBU-6000 Anti-Submarine rockets 2× 4 533 mm torpedo tubes
Notes	(General class characteristics)

Storozhevoy ([Сторожевой] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help), "guard" or "sentry") was a Soviet Navy 1135 Burevestnik-class anti-submarine frigate (NATO reporting name Krivak). The ship was attached to the Soviet Baltic Fleet and based in Riga. It was involved in a mutiny in November 1975.

Mutiny

The mutiny was led by the ship's political commissar, Captain of the Third Rank Valery Sablin, who wished to protest against the rampant corruption of the Leonid Brezhnev era. His aim was to seize the ship and steer it out of the Bay of Riga, to Leningrad through the Neva River, moor alongside the museum ship Aurora, an old cruiser symbol of the Russian revolution, and broadcast a nationwide address to the people from there. In that address, he was going to say what he believed people publicly wanted to say, but could only be said in private: that socialism and the motherland were in danger; the ruling authorities were up to their necks in corruption, demagoguery, graft, and lies, leading the country into an abyss; communism had been discarded, and there was a need to revive the Leninist principles of justice.

On the evening of 9 November 1975, Sablin lured the captain to the lower deck, claiming that there were some officers who needed to be disciplined for being drunk on duty. When the captain arrived at the lower deck, Sablin detained him and other officers in the forward sonar compartment and seized control of the ship. Sablin then summoned a meeting of all the senior officers on the ship. Here a vote was taken amongst the fifteen officers present. Sablin informed the officers that he planned to sail to Leningrad and broadcast his revolutionary message. Eight officers voted in favor of the mutiny; the remaining seven senior members of the ship's crew who did not wish to go along with the plan were locked in a separate compartment below the main deck.

Sablin then moved on to the next phase of the plan, which was to win the support of the seamen, numbering about 145-155 men. Sablin was a popular officer and he used this to his advantage. He assembled the crew and delivered a speech which instantly had all the seamen motivated and excited about a revolution. One of the officers who had voted in favor of the mutiny had escaped under the cover of night and had run across the naval dock to raise the alarm; however, the soldier at the gate did not believe him.

On discovering that they might soon be detected, Sablin decided to set sail immediately, rather than wait till the morning and set sail with the rest of the fleet, as originally planned. The crew immediately set sail under the cover of dark and made their way out of Riga. Sablin also ensured that the radar was off to avoid detection from Soviet forces.

When Soviet authorities learned of the mutiny, the Kremlin ordered that control must be regained, fearing Sablin might follow in Jonas Pleškys's footsteps to ask political asylum in Sweden. Half the Baltic fleet, including thirteen naval vessels, were sent in pursuit and were joined by 60 warplanes (including three Yak-28 fighters), which dropped 500-pound bombs in the vicinity of the rebel ship. The aircraft also strafed Storozhevoy repeatedly. The ship's steering was damaged and she stopped dead on the water 43 miles from Swedish territorial waters and 330 miles from Kronstadt. After warning shots from the closing loyal warships, the frigate was eventually boarded by Soviet marine commandos. By then, Sablin had been shot and detained by members of his own crew, who also unlocked the captive captain and officers. All the complement from Storozhevoy was arrested and interrogated, but only Sablin and his second-in-command, Alexander Shein, a 20-year-old seaman, were tried and convicted. At his trial in July 1976, Sablin was convicted of high treason and shot on 3 August 1976, while Shein was sentenced to prison and was released after serving eight years. The rest of the mutineers were set free but dishonorably discharged from the Soviet Navy.

Aftermath

Storozhevoy continued in service until the late 1990s. The crew was changed completely and the ship made extensive visits to foreign ports. She was transferred to the Russian Pacific Fleet and was sold to India for scrap.

In literature

Gregory D. Young was the first Westerner to investigate the mutiny as part of his 1982 master's thesis Mutiny on Storozhevoy: A Case Study of Dissent in the Soviet Navy, and later in the book The Last Sentry by Young and Nate Braden. The thesis was placed in the United States Naval Academy archives where it was read by Tom Clancy, then an insurance salesman, who used it as inspiration to write The Hunt for Red October.

References

• Braden, Nate (May 2006). "Reading the Signs of Threat Transformation". U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. 132 (5): 58–60. ISSN 0041-798X.
• Gregory Young and Nate Braden. The Last Sentry: The True Story that Inspired The Hunt For Red October (Naval Institute Press, May 2005) ISBN 1591149924
• David Hagberg and Boris Gindin, Mutiny: The Inside Story of the True Events That Inspired The Hunt for Red October - from the Soviet Naval Hero Who Was There. (Forge Books 2008) ISBN 0-7653-1350-2
• Young, Gregory. Mutiny on Storozhevoy: A Case Study of Dissent in the Soviet Navy March 1982.

External links

• http://english.mn.ru/english/issue.php?2002-45-10 (archived version)
• A Leninist Hero of our Times – In Memory of Valery Sablin: The true story of Red October. Alan Woods, London, 12 September 2000.
• http://nvo.ng.ru/history/2004-08-20/6_bunt.html Russian detailed description of mutiny and Yak-28 attacks.