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→‎Precolonial era: Previous informations given here without any interest (solar eclipses) and unrelated with the topic.
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==Precolonial era==
==Precolonial era==
*1974 BC - July 24: A total solar eclipse took place in the islands now called Sotavento along with the island now Maio the island now Boa Vista and the south of the island now São Vicente, the remainder was partial
*1927 BC - July 14: A hybrid solar eclipse took place in the morning hours between in the islands of what are now São Nicolau and Sal
*1920 BC - August 25: A total solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now São Nicolau, Sal and Boa Vista, other parts of the archipelago saw it as partial
*1895 BC - October 16: An annular solar eclipse took place about 55 Roman miles (80 km) south of the island now Santiago and about 50 Roman miles (75 km) southwest of the island now called Brava, the remainder saw it partial
*1847 BC - April 12: An annular solar eclipse took place after sunrise about more than 130 Roman miles (200 km) south of the island now Santiago, the archipelago saw it as partial
*1831 BC - October 29: A hybrid solar eclipse which showed it as an annular took place before sunset in parts of the islands now called Barlavento, the remainder of the archipelago was partial
*1830 BC - April 25: An annular solar eclipse took place mid-Afternoon southeast of the islands now Sotavento, about 20-30 Roman miles (30-40 km) south of the island now known as Santiago, the archipelago saw it as partial
*1815 BC - July 6: A total solar eclipse took place before sunset about 15 Roman miles (20 km) southwest of the island now Brava, the archipelago saw it as partial
*1790 BC - August 28: An annular solar eclipse took place after noon in much of the archipelago with the exceptions of some islands that are now Sal, Fogo and Brava, the remainder saw it as partial
*1776 BC - November 19: A total solar eclipse took place in the morning in the islands that are now São Nicolau, Sal, Boa Vista and parts of Maio, the eastern Barlavento group, the remainder saw it as partial
*1736 BC - September 29: An annular solar eclipse took place around noon in the islands that are now Sal and Boa Vista, its greatest eclipse was in the waters over the seamount now Noli (Extracapitis), the remainder saw it as partial
*1703 BC - June 28: An annular solar eclipse took place about 100 Roman miles (150 km) northwest of the island now known as Santo Antão midday, its greatest eclipse was about 300 Roman miles (400 km) north, the archipelago saw it as partial
*1673 BC - June 8: A total solar eclipse took place in the mid-afternoon hours on the island now Brava, the remainder saw it as partial
*1601 BC - January 14: A total solar eclipse took place in the mid-morning hours in much of the archipelago with an exception of the island now called Sal where it saw it as partial and its surrounding waters
*1598 BC - Nov 5: A hybrid solar eclipse took place at noon, its greatest eclipse was about 220 Roman miles (300 km) west of the island now called Brava and showed it as total, the remainder saw it as partial
*1544 BC - December 5: A hybrid solar eclipse took place between the islands that are now Boa Vista and Sal
*1500 BC - August 2: An annular solar eclipse took place at the start of the evening hours before sunset about 10-15 Roman miles (20-30 km) northeast of the island now Sal
*1475 BC - March 30: An annular solar eclipse took place at the start of afternoon in the islands now called Santiago, Boa Vista and Maio, the remainder of the archipelago saw it as partial
*1446 BC - September 4: An annular solar eclipse took place at mid-afternoon in the archipelago with the exception of the islands that are now Boa Vista and Sal where it was visible as partial
*1399 BC - August 24: A total solar eclipse took place in the late morning hours in the islands that are now São Nicolau, Sal and probably Boa Vista, the remainder was visible as partial
*1335 BC - March 13: An annular solar took place in the mid morning hours north of the island now known as Santo Antão, the archipelago was visibly as partial
*1312 BC - June 25: A total solar eclipse took place in the mid morning hours in the island that are now São Nicolau and Sal and was close to what is now called Brava, the remainder was visible as partial, this was one of two that could be [[Mursili's eclipse]], the only one that included the archipelago
*1294 BC - July 6: A total solar eclipse took place before sunset just between 25 to 35 Roman miles (30 to 50 km) north of the island that is now Sal, the archipelago was visibly partial
*1290 BC - April 4: An annular solar eclipse took place during the early morning hours about 200 km (150 Roman miles) northwest of the island that is now Santo Antão, the archipelago was visibly partial
*1262 BC - April 14 An annular solar eclipse took place in the early afternoon hours and included the islands that are now Sotavento, Sal and Boa Vista, the remainder was visibly partial
*1232 BC - March 14: A total solar eclipse took place in the mid to late morning hours in most of the archipelago with the exception of parts of what are now Boa Vista and Santiago and all of what are now Maio, Fogo and Brava where it was visibly partial
*1208 BC - May 16: An annular solar eclipse took place in the morning hours about 40 Roman miles (50 km) southeast of the island now called Santiago, the archipelago was visibly partial
*1179 BC - April 27: A total solar eclipse took place in the late afternoon hours in the archipelago, much of the island now known as Santo Antão, Sal and parts of Brava was visibly partial
*1153 BC - June 6 - A total solar eclipse took place in the late afternoon hours in the islands now known as Sotavento with the exception of the island now Maio, the remainder were visibly partial
*1150 BC - September 20: A total solar eclipse took place about 60 Roman miles (100 km) north of the island now Santo Antão, the archipelago was visibly partial
*1103 BC - March 28: An annular solar eclipse took place before sunset about 150 Roman miles (200 km) west of the archipelago, there, the eclipse ended at sunset
*1027 BC - February 27: An annular solar eclipse took place before sunset about 40 Roman miles (70 km) northwest of the island now Santo Antão, there, the eclipse ended at sunset
*1023 BC - December 4: A total solar eclipse took place in the late afternoon hours about 40 Roman miles (70 km) south of the island now Santiago, the archipelago was visibly partial
*1005 BC - June 20: An annular solar eclipse took place about 40-50 Roman miles (70-80 km) northwest of the island now called Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*962 BC - February 27: An annular solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now Brava, Boa Vista (parts), São Nicolau, Sal and parts of Santa Luzia, the remainder was visibly partial
*911 BC: A total solar eclipse took place around 60 Roman miles (100 km) southeast of the island now Santiago, the archipelago saw the eclipse as partial
*867 BC - July 24: A total solar eclipse took place about 100 Roman miles (150 km) southwest of the island now called Santo Antão in the evening hours, the total eclipse finished there before sunset
*847 BC - December 8: A total solar eclipse took place in mid morning in the islands that are now Barlavento with the exception of much of Santo Antão and São Vicente, the remainder was visibly partial
*846 BC - June 3: An annular total eclipse took place in late afternoon in the islands that are now Barlavento, the remainder was visibly partial
*839 BC - July 15: A total solar eclipse took place in late afternoon about 50-60 Roman miles (80-100 km) WSW of the island that is now Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*799 BC - May 24: A total solar eclipse took place before sunset just close to the north of the island that is now Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*778 BC - April 4: An annular solar eclipse took place early morning in the island that are now Barlavento except for most of the south of the island that is now Sal south of around present day Buracona, the remainder was visibly partial
*748 BC - August 27: An annular solar eclipse took place in late morning in the islands that are now Sotavento with a probable exception of one now called Maio, the remainder was visibly partial
*745 BC - December 20: An annular solar eclipse took place about 150 Roman miles (200 km) south of the island that is now Santiago, it started at sunrise about 35-40 Roman miles (50 km) east of the island now Boa Vista where it was partial
*734 BC - November 19: An annular solar eclipse took place at sunrise and started in the area of the island that is now Fogo, other parts of the east of the archipelago were visibly partial, much of the Barlavento was not included
*677 BC - October 20: An annular solar eclipse took place mid-afternoon in the islands that are now Sotavento, the remainder was visible partial
*662 BC - January 12: Annular solar eclipse took place in late morning about 50-60 Roman miles (80 km) north of the island that is now Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*658 BC - April 26: A total solar eclipse took place in mid-afternoon about 100 Roman miles (150 km) northwest of the island that is now Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*640 BC - October 31: An annular solar eclipse took place early morning at about 20-25 Roman miles (30 km) north of the island now called Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*629 BC - September 28: An annular solar eclipse took place early morning at over 50-60 Roman miles (100 km) south of the island now Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*623 BC - November 22: An annular solar eclipse took place before sunset in the islands that are now Barlavento with a probable exception of parts of the south of the island now Sal, the remainder was visibly partial
*618 BC - March 6: An annular solar eclipse was seen in the islands now known as Santo Antão, São Vicente, Santa Luzia, São Nicolau and Sal - the rest of the archipelago saw it as partial
*592 BC - October 10: A total solar eclipse took place around 50-60 Roman miles (80-100 km) from the island now Santo Antão, the remaining was visibly partial
*546 BC - April 18: An annular solar eclipse ended at sunset and took place about 350-400 km (about 230-260 Roman miles) from the island that is now Brava
*524 BC - August 10: A hybrid solar eclipse was seen around one portion of the island now Santiago, the remainder saw it partial
*520 BC - December 4: A total solar eclipse occurred in what is now the Barlavento Islands, the islands now called Sotavento saw it as partial
*477 BC - August 1: A total solar eclipse took place late morning in the south of the islands that are now Santiago, Maio, Fogo and Brava, the remaining was visibly partial
*470 BC - September 29: A hybrid solar eclipse took place at noon over 160 Roman miles (200 km) north of the island now known as Sal, also its greatest eclipse was at that location, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*459 BC - February 6: An annular solar eclipse ended at sunset at about 200 Roman miles (300 km) northwest of the island now called Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*433 BC - March 30: An annular solar eclipse took place during mid-morning about 35 Roman miles (50 km) east of the islands that are now Santiago and 40 Roman miles (60 km) east of what is now called Boa Vista, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*386 BC - September 14: An annular solar eclipse took place in the mid to late afternoon hours in the islands now called Brava and most of Fogo, the remainder was visibly partial
*358 BC - March 11: A total solar eclipse ended at sunset some 100 Roman miles (150 km) south of the island now known as Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago with the exception of the islands now Boa Vista and Sal
*336 BC - July 4: A total solar eclipse took place early morning in the islands now called Santo Antão, São Vicente and probably Santa Luzia, the remainder was visibly partial
*322 BC - September 26: An annular solar eclipse took place at noon and included modern day Sal and parts of Boa Vista, the remainder was visibly partial, the greatest eclipse was about 270 Roman miles (400 km) north of what is now Sal
*292 BC - August 25: A total solar eclipse took place mid to late afternoon around 40-50 Roman miles (90-100 km) southwest of the island now Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*268 BC - October 28: An annular solar eclipse took place before noon in most of the archipelago with the exceptions of Fogo and Brava, the remainder saw it as partial
*242 BC - Two solar eclipses took place that year:
**June 15: A hybrid solar eclipse took place early morning over 60 Roman miles (100 km) south of the island now called Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
**December 10: An annular solar eclipse took place mid to late morning in the islands that are now Barlavento, the remainder was visibly partial
*223 BC - June 25: A total solar eclipse took place about 170 Roman miles (250 km) north of the island that is now Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*217 BC - February 11: A total solar eclipse took place about 170-200 Roman miles (250-300 km) south of the island that is now Santiago, it was visibly partial in the Archipelago
*191 BC: September 18: An annular solar eclipse took place on the island now known as Fogo, one of two that were fully included along with nearby island now Santiago that was partly included, the remainder was seen partial
*177 BC - June 16: A total solar eclipse took place mid afternoon over 80 Roman miles (120 km) south of the island that is now Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*151 BC - July 28: A total solar eclipse took place late morning about 100 Roman miles (150 km) south of the island now called Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*137 BC - October 20: An annular solar eclipse took place mid morning about 220 Roman miles (300 km) SSW of the island now known as Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*105 BC - February 3: An annular solar eclipse took place mid afternoon and included the islands that are now Barlavento, it was visibly partial in the archipelago (with the probable exception of Ilhéu dos Rombos), the greatest eclipse was more than 10 Roman miles (15 km) ENE of the island of Santa Luzia in the ocean and occurred at 16:44 UTC (15:44 local time), its greatest width was about 220 Roman miles (322 km) wide<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of February 3, 105 BC|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/200BC-100BC/105BC-02-03.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref>
*97 BC - August 29: A total solar eclipse took place mid to late afternoon in the archipelago with the exceptions of the islands that are now Sal (parts of it), Fogo and Brava where it was visibly partial
*89 BC - April 17: A total solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now Sotavento, Boa Vista and parts of Sal, the remainder was visibly partial
*86 BC - July 30: An annular solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now called Fogo and most of Brava, the remainder was visibly partial
*65 BC - December 14: An annular solar eclipse took place before noon on the island that is now Santiago and part of an island that is now Maio, the remainder was visible as partial
*21 BC - July 30: An annular solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now Boa Vista and Sal, the remainder was visibly partial, the greatest eclipse was over 35-40 Roman miles (50 km) east of the island that is now known as Sal at 16.6 N, 22.4 W and occurred at 16:27:14 UTC (15:27 local time), its width was 95 Roman miles (144 km wide)<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of July 30, 21 BC|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/100BC-0/21BC-07-30.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref>
*10 BC - June 30: A total solar eclipse took place mid morning in the islands that are now Barlavento except for Boa Vista, the remainder was visibly partial
*5 AD - March 28: A hybrid solar eclipse took place about 25 Roman miles (30 km) south of the island that is now Santiago, from that point, it was shown as an annular eclipse, the remainder was visibly partial<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of March 28, 5 AD BC|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/0-100/5-03-28.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 14, 2017}}</ref>
*48 AD - November 24: A total solar eclipse took place about 140 Roman miles (200 km) north of the island now known as Sal, northwest, the eclipse began, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*55 AD - July 1: An annular solar eclipse took place about 170 Roman miles (250 km) southwest of the island now Brava where the greatest eclipse occurred at 13.2 N 27.3 W at 16:27 UTC (15:27 local time), the maximum band of with was 7 Roman miles (10 km)<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of July 1, 55 AD|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/0-100/55-07-01.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref>
*75 AD - January 5: a total solar eclipse took place mid to late afternoon in one of the four/five islands that included the island now Santiago at 14:57 (2:57 PM), the greatest eclipse was about 30 km (20 Roman miles) north of present day [[Tarrafal, Cape Verde|Tarrafal]] and [[Ponta Moreia]] on Santiago, its width was 57 Roman miles (87 km) wide, the remainder of the archipelago saw it as partial<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of January 5, 75 AD|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/0-100/75-01-05.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 11, 2017}}</ref>
*132 AD - November 25: An annular solar eclipse took place, the middle of it was very close to the island now known as Brava, its greatest eclipse was hundreds of kilometers west<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of November 25, 132 AD|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/100-200/132-11-25.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref>
*186 AD - December 28: An annular solar eclipse took place in the archipelago with a probable exception of a part of the islands that are now Santiago and Maio
*197 AD - June 3: An annular solar eclipse took place a few Roman miles (or kilometers) southeast of the island now called Maio
*211 AD - March 2: A total solar eclipse took place later afternoon about 170 Roman miles (250 km) northwest of the island now called Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*241 AD - January 29: An annular solar eclipse took place about 40 Roman miles (60 km) northwest of the island now known as Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*344 - December 21: An annular solar eclipse took place late afternoon over 170 Roman miles (250 km) SSE of the island now known as Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*374 - November 20: A total solar eclipse took place in the morning hours, the umbral path was about 25 to 30 km wide and included parts of the islands that are now Santo Antão and São Vicente and southwest of the island now Boa Vista on a shallow area
*406 - September 1: An annular solar eclipse took place late afternoon around 20 Roman miles (30 km) northeast of the island now known as Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*497 - April 21: A solar eclipse took place about 25-30 Roman miles (40 km) northwest of the island now called Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago, the greatest eclipse was about 300 Roman miles (400 km) WSW of the island now called Brava<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of April 18, 497 AD|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/400-500/497-04-18.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 15, 2017}}</ref>
*504 - June 2: A total solar eclipse took place before sunset in the archipelago with the exception of the islands that are now Sal, São Nicolau and a part of Santo Antão where it was visibly partial
*511 - January 19: A total solar eclipse took mid afternoon and probably included a small part of the southeast of the island now known as Santiago, the remainder was visibly partial
*512 - July 2: A total solar eclipse took place and started about 25-30 Roman miles (40 km) south of the island now known as Fogo, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*514 - November 6: An annular solar eclipse took place before sunset mid to late afternoon about a few Roman miles (or kilometers) north of the island now known as Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago (probably with one exception of an island now Santo Antão)
*592 - March 23: A total solar eclipse started around the island now Fogo (probably present day São Filipe) and the middle of the island now Santo Antão
*616 - January 31: An annular solar eclipse took place about 25-30 Roman miles (40 km) northwest of the island now Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago, it ended over 270 Roman miles (350 km) northeast of the island now Sal
*645 - May 6: A total solar eclipse took place mid to late afternoon in the archipelago with the exceptions of Santo Antão and a probable exception of Sal where it was visibly partial
*667 - March 5: A total solar eclipse took place in a small part of the north of the island now called Santo Antão, the remainder was visibly partial
*699 - December 2: An annular solar eclipse took place about 220 Roman miles (300 km) NNE of the island that is now Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*739 - October 13: An annular solar eclipse took place nearly close to the island that is now Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*751 - August 25: An annular solar eclipse took place in what is now the Sotavento Islands and Maio and its shallow area north of the island, Barlavento and the waters southwest of Brava saw it as partial
*772 - July 11: A total solar eclipse took place in the island now called Santo Antão, the remainder was visibly partial
*786 - April 3: A total solar eclipse took place in the western Barlavento Islands including what are now Santo Antão, São Vicente and Santa Luzia, the greatest eclipse was more than 400 Roman miles (600 km) northeast closer to the land of the Imraguens on the continental mainland
*856 - January 17: A total solar eclipse took place mid to late afternoon about 160 Roman miles (250 km) northwest of the island now known as Santo Antão, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*895 - November 26: An annular solar eclipse took place about 120 Roman miles (170 km) north of the island now known as Sal, it started around Ilhéu Raso and Brava
*902 - January 19: An annular solar eclipse took place late afternoon in the islands that are now Sotavento and Boa Vista, the remainder was visibly partial
*957 - August 5: A total solar eclipse took place 90-100 Roman miles (130-150 km) NNE of the island now Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*989 - November 8: An annular solar eclipse took place nearly 150 miles (250 km) SSW of the island now called Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1000 - October 7: An annular solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now known as Santiago and most of Fogo, the remainder was visibly partial
*1032 - January 22: A total solar eclipse took place about 100-120 miles (170-180 km) southwest of the island now known as Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1058 - March 4: A total solar eclipse took place around 95 miles (150 km) southeast of the island now known as Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1070 - December 2: An annular solar took place about 300 miles (400 km) north of the island now known as Sal, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1086 - February 24: A total solar eclipse took place in the island now known as Santo Antão and a probable part of what is now São Vicente, the remainder was visibly partial, its greatest eclipse was about 250 miles (400 km) northeast of the island in the Atlantic at 19.7 N, 20.9 W now known as Sal<ref>{{cite web|title=Solar eclipse of February 16, 1086|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/5MCSEmap/1000-1100/1086-02-16.gif|publisher=NASA|accessdate=March 16, 2017}}</ref>
*1101 - November 1: A total solar eclipse started about 40-50 miles (60-70 km) west of the island now known as Brava and the partial portion Santo Antão, the umbral part included the islands that are now Brava and Fogo, the remainder was visibly partial
*1112 - April 7: A total solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now Boa Vista, Maio, Santiago and Fogo, it remainder was visibly partial
*1152 - August 11: a total solar eclipse took place in the archipelago with the exception of the island now Sal and parts of the island now Brava
*1207 - March 7: An annular solar eclipse took place in the island that are now Santo Antão, São Vicente and parts of Santa Luzia and probably São Nicolau, the remainder was visibly partial
*1217 - February 16: A total solar eclipse took place about 50 miles (80-90 km) south of the island that is now Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1235 - August 15: An annular solar eclipse took place around the northwesternmost part of the island now Santo Antão, the archipelago saw it as partial
*1260 - October 15: A total solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now Santo Antão, São Vicente, Santiago, Fogo and probably a part of Maio, the remainder was visibly partial
*1293 - July 14: A total solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now Barlavento and Boa Vista, the remainder was visibly partial
*1308 - September 24: An annular solar eclipse took place in much of what is now Santo Antão, parts of what are now São Vicente, Santa Luzia and the north of Boa Vista, and all of what are now São Nicolau and Sal, the remainder was visibly partial
*1322 - June 24: An annular solar eclipse took place about 150 miles (250-260 km) south of the island that is now Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1361 - May 14: A total solar eclipse started about 75-80 miles (120-130 km) south of the island now called Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1372 - April 13: A hybrid solar eclipse took place about 20 miles (30 km) south of the island now known as Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1394 - August 6: An annular solar eclipse took place about 60 miles (100 km) WSW of the island now known as Brava, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
*1431 - February 20: A total solar eclipse took place in the islands that are now the Sotavento and the eastern Barlavento Islands, the remainder was visibly partial


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 23:49, 18 March 2017

Part of a series on the
History of Cape Verde
Islas de Cabo Verde, from Atlas Van der Hagen
Colonial history
Independence struggle

This is a timeline of the islands now known as Cape Verde before its discovery in 1456.

For the history after 1456 to 1975, see Timeline of Portuguese Cape Verde

Prehistoric era

  • 136 to 113 million years ago: The seamount that is now known as Maio started to form[1]
  • 131 to 126 million years ago - The seamount that is now known as São Nicolau formed
  • 124 million years ago: The seamount that is now Ilhéu Branco was formed from the older ocean crust during the Cretaceous Period.[1]
  • 123 million years ago: The seamount that is now Ilhéu Raso was formed from the older ocean crust during the Cretaceous Period.
  • 122 million years ago: The seamount that is now Santa Luzia formed[1]
  • 120 to 118 million years ago: The seamount that is now São Vicente formed during the Aptian era[1]
  • About 119 to 118 million years ago: Seamount now known as Santo Antão formed during the Aptian era[1]
  • 50 million years ago: The island now known as Sal was formed during the eruption of a volcano which is now inactive, the geologically oldest island in Cape Verde.
  • Around 30 to 25 million years ago - The southern seamount was formed, today it makes up of present day Santiago
  • Around 25 to 20 million years ago - The northern seamount was formed, today it makes up of present day Santiago
  • Around 24 to 22 million years ago - The seamount that gave rise to Fogo began to form.
  • About 20 million years ago: The seamount of Brava formed
  • 20 to 18 million years ago in the Burdigalian age, rocks formed on the island now known as Maio[2]
  • 16 million years ago: the Fundo das Figueiras formation formed on the island of Boa Vista[3]
  • 15 to 12.5 million years ago: During the Langhian and Serravallian ages on what is now Boa Vista island, rocks were under formation including the volcanic cone, the Monte Passarão complex, the Monte Caçador complex and the Pico Forcado formation.[4]
  • 15 to 7 million years ago in Langhian and Messinian ages, rocks formed on the island now known as Maio[5]
  • 11.8 to 5.8 million years ago - The island now known as São Nicolau was formed during the Tortonian and Messinian ages[6]
  • Around 11 million years ago in the Tortonian age, rocks started to form on the island now known as Maio[5]
  • 9.5 million years ago: the Chão de Calheta formation started to form on what is now Boa Vista Island
  • 9 million years ago: The island now known as São Vicente may have been created during the Tortonian era
  • 9 to 7 million years ago in the Tortonian age, rocks formed and created the Monte Branco Rock Formation on the island now known as Maio[5]
  • About 8 to 7 million years ago the islands now known as Santa Luzia, Raso and Branco may have been fully formed
  • About 7.5 million years ago: the Old Volcanic Complex of the island now known as Santo Antão formed during the Tortonian era, the island may be formed that time
  • Around 7 to 5 million years ago - The island now known as Santiago with its crater now known as Pico da Antónia was formed, its length was about 15 km
  • 6.5 million years ago: Mindelo rock formation formed on an island now called São Vicente
  • 6.2 to 5.8 million years ago - The middle part of the island's formation (today as São Nicolau) formed during the Messinian era
  • Around 5. 5 to 4. 5 million years ago - during the early Pliocene and the Zanclean periods - the Flamengos rock formation of the island now known as Santiago formed[7]
  • About 5 to 4 million years ago - another island with its crater at present day Serra da Malagueta on Santiago was formed its length was about 10 km
  • About 5 million years ago: the plateau of the island now Santa Luzia was flattened during an eruption
  • 4.5 million years ago
    • the Chão da Calheta formed on what is now Boa Vista Island[4]
    • Praia Grande volcanic flank on an island now São Vicente may have collapsed into the ocean during the Zanclean era
  • Around 4 million years ago - A volcanic eruption raised the seamount above sea level forming the island now called Fogo.
  • Around 4.5 to 3.1 million years ago: Monte Verde rock formation on an island now known as São Vicente formed
  • Around 3.3 to 2.3 million years ago - during the Piacenzian and the Gelasian periods., the Pico da Antónia and its rock formation on the island now Santiago formed[7]
  • Around 3 to 2 million years ago: The island now known as Brava formed
  • About 3 to 2 million years ago, the two islands merged into a larger island now called Santiago
  • 2.6 to 2.3 million years ago - Assomada rock formation formed on the island now known as Santiago[7]
  • Around 2 to 1 million years ago: Bordeira Group of rock formation of the island now called Santo Antão formed
  • 1.7 to 1.5 million years ago - The lower part of the Monte Gordo Formation on the island now called São Nicolau formed[8]
  • Around 1.4 million to 700,000 years ago: Cova Group of rock formation of the island now called Santo Antão formed
  • 1.1 million to 770.000 years ago - Monte das Vacas rock formation formed on the island now known as Santiago during the Early Pleistocene periods[7]
  • Around 400,000 years ago: the Proto-Coroa formation of the island now known as Santo Antão formed[9]
  • Around 300,000 years ago
    • Àgua Nova Group of rock formation of the island now known as Santo Antão formed
    • Last volcanic eruption on the island now known as São Vicente[4]
  • Around 200,000 years ago: Last eruption on the island now known as Santo Antão occurred at Topo da Coroa, the type was a Plinian, it later formed the Coroa and Young Tarrafal rock formations[7]
  • Around 100,000 years ago: Lagoa formation of the island now known as Santo Antão formed[7]
  • 100,000 to 50,000 years ago - The upper part of the Monte Gordo Formation on modern day São Nicolau formed[8]

Ice Age

  • Around 73,000 years ago - The eastern portion of the island now known as Fogo–a volume of approximately 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of rock–collapsed into the ocean generating a 170-metre (560 ft) high megatsunami. The surge inundated the western part of Santiago, running up to heights of 270 metres (890 ft) and carrying large boulders onto a plateau at an elevation of 200 metres (660 ft).[10][11] The island size before the eruption was approximately 800–900 square kilometres (310–350 sq mi).
  • About 70,000-5000 BC: During the Ice Age, the island was possibly connected with Maio, though a third of that island was underwater, it formed a part of the "East Island". Its size was approximately 3,000 to 3,500 km2 at the time. It was north-south, it was about 150–200 km long and its width was 20 km and 50 km in the northern part
  • About 70,000-4000 BC: During the Ice Age, Santa Luzia along with São Vicente and Santo Antao were a part of the Northwestern Island which was the size of about 1,500 km2.
  • Around 40,000 BC - As sea levels were 100–130 meters (330–430 ft) lower, the island's area was approximately 500 square kilometres (190 sq mi).
  • Up to about 10,000 years ago: The island now known as Sal was larger and compromised an estimate size of around 1,000 to 1,500 km2 of land, the southern part was underwater at the time.
  • Around 6,000 to 5,000 BC: The Eastern Island of Cape Verde broken up into Boavista, Middle and Maio Islands, the Middle Island would later be underwater and became a nearly shallow part of the ocean.
  • Up to about 5,000 years ago: The island was larger and compromised an estimate size of 500 km2 of land, the name of the island that included Santa Luzia and two other islets was likely called the "Northwestern Island". Flooding took place and broke up into three main islands and other islands, one became the current island of São Vicente.
  • Around 5,000 to 4,000 BC, the island split and the islands of Santa Luzia and the islets of Ilhéu Branco and Raso formed after sea levels rose in the Late Ice Age.
  • Around 4,000 to 3,000 BC: Ilhéu de Sal Rei and Ilhéu do Baluarte separated from Boa Vista Island.
  • Up to about 4,000 BC:
    • The island size of what is now Sal was about 300 to 400 km2
    • The island now Santo Antão was larger and compromised an estimate size of 800 km2 of land, it separated São Vicente between 500 meters to 1 kilometer. Flooding took place and the São Vicente Channel was widened up to 10 km about 8,000 to 6,000 years ago and later to its current 12 km length.
  • Around 4,000 BC: Topo da Coroa's elevation dropped below 2,000 meters above sea level after sea level rose
  • Around 3,000 BC
    • As the sea level rose, Monte Fontainhas' elevation on Brava would mark under 1,000 meters.
    • The sea level rose nearly to its current level and the size was roughly 450 square kilometres (170 sq mi), similar to the present-day island now known as Fogo.
    • Around 3000-2500 BC: Ilhéu dos Passaros separated from the island now São Vicente, the small peninsula shrank up to its current size.

Precolonial era

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Muller, R.; Sdrolias, M; Gaina, Maria; Roest, Walter R. (2008). Age, spreading rates and spreading symmetry of the world’s ocean crust. Vol. 9 (Q04006). Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems. pp. 1525–2027.
  2. ^ Stillman, C. J. (1982). The geological history of Maio, Cape Verde Islands. Vol. 139. Journal of the Geological Society. pp. 347–361. doi:10.1144/gsjgs.139.3.0347.
  3. ^ Dyhr, C. T.; Holm, P. M. (2009). A volcanological and geochemical investigation of Boa Vista, Cape Verde Islands;40Ar/39Ar geochronology and field constraints. Vol. 189. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. p. 19-32.
  4. ^ a b c Ramalho, R. (2010). Tracers of uplift and subsidence in the Cape Verde Archipelago.
  5. ^ a b c Mitchell, J. G. (1983). On dating the magmatism of Maio, Cape Verde Islands. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. pp. 61–76.
  6. ^ Bernouilli, D. (2007). Miocene shallow-water limestones from São Nicolau (Cabo Verde): Caribbean-type benthic fauna and time constraints for volcanism. Vol. 100. Swiss Journal of Geoscience. pp. 215–225.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Holm, P. M. (2008). An 40Ar-39Ar study of the Cape Verde hot spot: temporal evolution in a semistationary plate environment. Vol. 113. J. Geophys. Res. p. B08201.
  8. ^ a b Duprat, H. I (2007). The volcanic and geochemical development of São Nicolau, Cape Verde Islands: Constraints from field and 40Ar/39Ar evidence. Vol. 162(1-2). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. pp. 1–19.
  9. ^ Holm, Paul Martin (2006). Sampling the Cape Verde Mantle Plume: Evolution of Melt Compositions on Santo Antão, Cape Verde Island. Vol. 47. p. 145-18. doi:10.1093/petrology/egi071.
  10. ^ Brown, Emma (2 October 2015). "Island Boulders Reveal Ancient Megatsunami". Nature. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
  11. ^ Ramalho, Ricardo S.; Winckler, Gisela; Madeira, José; Helffrich, George R.; Hipólito, Ana; Quartau, Rui; Adena, Katherine; Schaefer, Joerg M. (2 October 2015), "Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence", Science Advances, vol. 1, no. 9
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