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Coordinates: 29°5′52″N 0°58′48″W / 29.09778°N 0.98000°W / 29.09778; -0.98000
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'''Ksabi''' ({{lang-ar|<big>ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻰ</big>}}) is a town and [[Communes of Algeria|commune]] in [[Ouled Khodeïr District]], [[Béchar Province]], in western [[Algeria]]. According to the 2008 census its population is 3,187,<ref name="census2008">{{cite web|title=Population: Béchar Wilaya|url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p1.pdf|publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie|accessdate=13 February 2013|language=French}}</ref> up from 2,656 in 1998,<ref>{{cite web|title=Algeria Communes|url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=9 March 2013}}</ref> with an annual growth rate of 1.9%.<ref name="census2008"/> The commune covers an area of {{convert|2220|km2}}.<ref name="area">{{cite web|title=Population, Area and Density per Commune|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/1.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=16 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
'''Ksabi''' ({{lang-ar|<big>ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻰ</big>}}) is a town and [[Communes of Algeria|commune]] in [[Ouled Khodeïr District]], [[Béchar Province]], in western [[Algeria]]. According to the 2008 census its population is 3,187,<ref name="census2008">{{cite web|title=Population: Béchar Wilaya |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p1.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516051941/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p1.pdf |archivedate=16 May 2013 |df= }}</ref> up from 2,656 in 1998,<ref>{{cite web|title=Algeria Communes|url=http://www.statoids.com/ydz.html|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=9 March 2013}}</ref> with an annual growth rate of 1.9%.<ref name="census2008"/> The commune covers an area of {{convert|2220|km2}}.<ref name="area">{{cite web|title=Population, Area and Density per Commune |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/1.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=16 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222191634/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/1.htm |archivedate=22 February 2014 |df= }}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
Line 127: Line 127:
==Economy==
==Economy==


[[Agriculture]] is the main industry in Ksabi. The commune has a total of {{convert|1063|ha}} of [[arable land]], of which {{convert|932|ha}} is [[irrigated]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution of Agricultural Land|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/10.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref> There are a total of 95,000 [[date palms]] planted in the commune.<ref>{{cite web|title=Plant Productions|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref> As of 2009 there were 2,092 [[sheep]] and 1,101 [[goat]]s, but no [[camel]]s or [[cattle]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Animal Production|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
[[Agriculture]] is the main industry in Ksabi. The commune has a total of {{convert|1063|ha}} of [[arable land]], of which {{convert|932|ha}} is [[irrigated]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Distribution of Agricultural Land |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/10.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710020333/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/10.htm |archivedate=10 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> There are a total of 95,000 [[date palms]] planted in the commune.<ref>{{cite web|title=Plant Productions |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820030513/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |archivedate=20 August 2014 |df= }}</ref> As of 2009 there were 2,092 [[sheep]] and 1,101 [[goat]]s, but no [[camel]]s or [[cattle]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Animal Production |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820030513/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/14.htm |archivedate=20 August 2014 |df= }}</ref>


==Infrastructure and housing==
==Infrastructure and housing==


95% of Ksabi's population are connected to drinking water,<ref>{{cite web|title=Drinking Water|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/24.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref> 95% are connected to the sewerage system,<ref>{{cite web|title=Sewerage Networks|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/25.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref> and 97% (including 771 buildings) have access to electricity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electrification|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/29.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref> There are no fuel service stations in the town; the nearest is in [[Kerzaz]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fuel Distribution|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/30.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
95% of Ksabi's population are connected to drinking water,<ref>{{cite web|title=Drinking Water |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/24.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709085413/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/24.htm |archivedate= 9 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> 95% are connected to the sewerage system,<ref>{{cite web|title=Sewerage Networks |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/25.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710015740/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/25.htm |archivedate=10 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> and 97% (including 771 buildings) have access to electricity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Electrification |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/29.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709083904/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/29.htm |archivedate= 9 July 2014 |df= }}</ref> There are no fuel service stations in the town; the nearest is in [[Kerzaz]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Fuel Distribution |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/30.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710020359/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/30.htm |archivedate=10 July 2014 |df= }}</ref>


Ksabi has a total of 659 houses, of which 429 are occupied, giving an occupation rate of 7.4 inhabitants per occupied building.<ref>{{cite web|title=Housing|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/65.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
Ksabi has a total of 659 houses, of which 429 are occupied, giving an occupation rate of 7.4 inhabitants per occupied building.<ref>{{cite web|title=Housing |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/65.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033047/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/65.htm |archivedate= 4 March 2016 |df= }}</ref>


==Transportation==
==Transportation==


Ksabi is connected by a local road to the N6 national highway between [[Béchar]] to the northwest and [[Adrar, Algeria|Adrar]] to the southeast. The nearest towns accessible by the N6 to the north are [[Ouled Khoudir]], [[Kerzaz]], and [[Timoudi]]. Ksabi is {{convert|404|km|mi}} from the provincial capital,
Ksabi is connected by a local road to the N6 national highway between [[Béchar]] to the northwest and [[Adrar, Algeria|Adrar]] to the southeast. The nearest towns accessible by the N6 to the north are [[Ouled Khoudir]], [[Kerzaz]], and [[Timoudi]]. Ksabi is {{convert|404|km|mi}} from the provincial capital,
[[Béchar]].<ref name="distances">{{cite web|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/Presentation1.htm|title=Presentation|publisher=Site Officiel de la Wilaya de Béchar|language=French|accessdate=19 February 2013}}</ref>
[[Béchar]].<ref name="distances">{{cite web|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/Presentation1.htm |title=Presentation |publisher=Site Officiel de la Wilaya de Béchar |language=French |accessdate=19 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130216230918/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/Presentation1.htm |archivedate=16 February 2013 |df= }}</ref>


There is a total length of {{convert|48.7|km|mi}} of roads in the commune.<ref>{{cite web|title=Density Kilometres|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/90.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
There is a total length of {{convert|48.7|km|mi}} of roads in the commune.<ref>{{cite web|title=Density Kilometres |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/90.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429185650/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/90.htm |archivedate=29 April 2014 |df= }}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==


There are 6 elementary schools, with 32 classrooms including 26 in use.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Infrastructure|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref> There are a total of 966 school students.<ref>{{cite web|title=Number of Pupils|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/36.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
There are 6 elementary schools, with 32 classrooms including 26 in use.<ref>{{cite web|title=School Infrastructure |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429191848/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |archivedate=29 April 2014 |df= }}</ref> There are a total of 966 school students.<ref>{{cite web|title=Number of Pupils |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/36.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033043/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/36.htm |archivedate= 4 March 2016 |df= }}</ref>


2.5% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest in the province), and another 9.2% has competed secondary education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence.|url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p6.pdf|publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie|accessdate=13 February 2013|language=French}}</ref> The overall literacy rate is 62.6%, and is 76.1% among males and 47.8% among females. These are the lowest rates in the province overall and for females, and the second lowest rate for males.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence .|url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p10.pdf|publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie|accessdate=13 February 2013|language=French}}</ref>
2.5% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest in the province), and another 9.2% has competed secondary education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence. |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p6.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517001417/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p6.pdf |archivedate=17 May 2013 |df= }}</ref> The overall literacy rate is 62.6%, and is 76.1% among males and 47.8% among females. These are the lowest rates in the province overall and for females, and the second lowest rate for males.<ref>{{cite web|title=Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence . |url=http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p10.pdf |publisher=Office National des Statistiques Algérie |accessdate=13 February 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516051406/http://www.ons.dz/collections/w08_p10.pdf |archivedate=16 May 2013 |df= }}</ref>


==Health==
==Health==


Ksabi has 5 room care facilities and a maternity ward. For more advanced treatment, residents must attend either the [[polyclinic]] in [[Ouled Khoudir]] or the [[hospital]] in [[Béni Abbès]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Health Facilities by Commune|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
Ksabi has 5 room care facilities and a maternity ward. For more advanced treatment, residents must attend either the [[polyclinic]] in [[Ouled Khoudir]] or the [[hospital]] in [[Béni Abbès]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Health Facilities by Commune |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429191848/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/55.htm |archivedate=29 April 2014 |df= }}</ref>


==Religion==
==Religion==


Ksabi has 6 operational [[mosques]], with another 1 under construction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mosques and Koranic Rooms|url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/76.htm|publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar|accessdate=9 March 2013|language=French}}</ref>
Ksabi has 6 operational [[mosques]], with another 1 under construction.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mosques and Koranic Rooms |url=http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/76.htm |publisher=Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar |accessdate=9 March 2013 |language=French |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032551/http://www.wilaya-bechar.gov.dz/76.htm |archivedate= 4 March 2016 |df= }}</ref>


==Localities==
==Localities==
The commune is composed of four localities:<ref>{{cite web|title=Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued|url=http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1490.pdf|publisher=Journal officiel de la République Algérienne,|accessdate=2 March 2013|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1490.pdf&title=page%201490|archivedate=2 March 2013 or before|page=1490|language=French|date=19 December 1984}}</ref>
The commune is composed of four localities:<ref>{{cite web|title=Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued |url=http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1490.pdf |publisher=Journal officiel de la République Algérienne, |accessdate=2 March 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106113213/http://www.joradp.dz/JO8499/1984/067/FP1490.pdf |archivedate= 6 January 2015 |page=1490 |language=French |date=19 December 1984 |deadurl=yes |df= }}</ref>
{{div col|4}}
{{div col|4}}
*Ksabi
*Ksabi

Revision as of 16:04, 8 May 2017

Ksabi
ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻰ
Commune and town
Location of Ksabi commune within Béchar Province
Location of Ksabi commune within Béchar Province
Ksabi is located in Algeria
Ksabi
Ksabi
Location of Ksabi within Algeria
Coordinates: 29°5′52″N 0°58′48″W / 29.09778°N 0.98000°W / 29.09778; -0.98000
Country Algeria
ProvinceBéchar Province
DistrictKerzaz District
Area
[1]
 • Total2,220 km2 (860 sq mi)
Elevation
332 m (1,089 ft)
Population
 (2008)[2]
 • Total3,187
 • Density1.4/km2 (3.7/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)

Ksabi (Arabic: ﻗﺼﺎﺑﻰ) is a town and commune in Ouled Khodeïr District, Béchar Province, in western Algeria. According to the 2008 census its population is 3,187,[2] up from 2,656 in 1998,[3] with an annual growth rate of 1.9%.[2] The commune covers an area of 2,220 square kilometres (860 sq mi).[1]

Geography

Ksabi lies at an elevation of 332 kilometres (206 mi) on the left (eastern) bank of the Oued Saoura in the Saoura valley; it is the lowest town on this river before it reaches the endorheic lake Sebkhel el Melah. The Grand Erg Occidental, a large area of continuous sand dunes lies to the east, while the rocky ridges of the Ougarta Range rise to the west, running from northwest to southeast along the opposite side of the river from the town.

Climate

Ksabi has a hot desert climate, with extremely hot summers and mild winters, and very little precipitation throughout the year.

Climate data for Ksabi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9) 		22.4
(72.3) 		26.8
(80.2) 		31.9
(89.4) 		36.2
(97.2) 		42.1
(107.8) 		45.5
(113.9) 		43.8
(110.8) 		39.3
(102.7) 		32.0
(89.6) 		24.7
(76.5) 		18.4
(65.1) 		31.9
(89.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 11.7
(53.1) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.7
(65.7) 		23.6
(74.5) 		27.9
(82.2) 		33.5
(92.3) 		36.8
(98.2) 		35.4
(95.7) 		31.5
(88.7) 		24.6
(76.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		12.0
(53.6) 		24.0
(75.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4) 		6.7
(44.1) 		10.7
(51.3) 		15.4
(59.7) 		19.6
(67.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		28.1
(82.6) 		27.1
(80.8) 		23.7
(74.7) 		17.2
(63.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		5.7
(42.3) 		16.2
(61.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3
(0.1) 		3
(0.1) 		5
(0.2) 		2
(0.1) 		1
(0.0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		1
(0.0) 		1
(0.0) 		4
(0.2) 		5
(0.2) 		4
(0.2) 		29
(1.1)
Source: climate-data.org[4]

Economy

Agriculture is the main industry in Ksabi. The commune has a total of 1,063 hectares (2,630 acres) of arable land, of which 932 hectares (2,300 acres) is irrigated.[5] There are a total of 95,000 date palms planted in the commune.[6] As of 2009 there were 2,092 sheep and 1,101 goats, but no camels or cattle.[7]

Infrastructure and housing

95% of Ksabi's population are connected to drinking water,[8] 95% are connected to the sewerage system,[9] and 97% (including 771 buildings) have access to electricity.[10] There are no fuel service stations in the town; the nearest is in Kerzaz.[11]

Ksabi has a total of 659 houses, of which 429 are occupied, giving an occupation rate of 7.4 inhabitants per occupied building.[12]

Transportation

Ksabi is connected by a local road to the N6 national highway between Béchar to the northwest and Adrar to the southeast. The nearest towns accessible by the N6 to the north are Ouled Khoudir, Kerzaz, and Timoudi. Ksabi is 404 kilometres (251 mi) from the provincial capital, Béchar.[13]

There is a total length of 48.7 kilometres (30.3 mi) of roads in the commune.[14]

Education

There are 6 elementary schools, with 32 classrooms including 26 in use.[15] There are a total of 966 school students.[16]

2.5% of the population has a tertiary education (the lowest in the province), and another 9.2% has competed secondary education.[17] The overall literacy rate is 62.6%, and is 76.1% among males and 47.8% among females. These are the lowest rates in the province overall and for females, and the second lowest rate for males.[18]

Health

Ksabi has 5 room care facilities and a maternity ward. For more advanced treatment, residents must attend either the polyclinic in Ouled Khoudir or the hospital in Béni Abbès.[19]

Religion

Ksabi has 6 operational mosques, with another 1 under construction.[20]

Localities

The commune is composed of four localities:[21]

References

  1. ^ a b "Population, Area and Density per Commune" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 16 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c "Population: Béchar Wilaya" (PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Algeria Communes". Statoids. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  4. ^ "Climate data for: Ksabi". climate-data.org. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
  5. ^ "Distribution of Agricultural Land" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "Plant Productions" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Animal Production" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 20 August 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ "Drinking Water" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Sewerage Networks" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ "Electrification" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 9 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ "Fuel Distribution" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "Housing" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ "Presentation" (in French). Site Officiel de la Wilaya de Béchar. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 19 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "Density Kilometres" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "School Infrastructure" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Number of Pupils" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Structure relative de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs âgée de 6 ans et plus selon le niveau d'instruction et la commune de résidence" (PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Taux d'analphabétisme et taux d'alphabétisation de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus, selon le sexe et la commune de résidence " (PDF) (in French). Office National des Statistiques Algérie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ "Health Facilities by Commune" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Mosques and Koranic Rooms" (in French). Official Website of the Wilaya of Bechar. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Décret n° 84-365, fixant la composition, la consistance et les limites territoriale des communes. Wilaya d'El Oued" (PDF) (in French). Journal officiel de la République Algérienne,. 19 December 1984. p. 1490. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
Neighbouring towns and cities
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