5th Canadian Division: Difference between revisions
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==First World War== |
==First World War== |
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The 5th Canadian Division of the [[Canadian Corps]] was formed during [[World War I]]. The 5th began assembling in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] in February, 1917, but was broken up in February 1918 before it was fully formed. Its men were used as reinforcements for the other four Canadian divisions, helping to maintain the over-strength Divisions of 22,000–25,000 with more than 100,000 men total.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} It was reactivated in 2013.<ref>http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=4880</ref> |
The 5th Canadian Division of the [[Canadian Corps]] was formed during [[World War I]]. The 5th began assembling in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] in February, 1917, but was broken up in February 1918 before it was fully formed. Its men were used as reinforcements for the other four Canadian divisions, helping to maintain the over-strength Divisions of 22,000–25,000 with more than 100,000 men total.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}} It was reactivated in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=4880 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-07-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714110545/http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/news-nouvelles/news-nouvelles-eng.asp?id=4880 |archivedate=July 14, 2013 }}</ref> |
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===Infantry Units=== |
===Infantry Units=== |
Revision as of 05:02, 23 June 2017
This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2009) |
5th Canadian Division 1st Canadian Armoured Division 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division | |
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![]() 5th Canadian Division formation patch | |
Active | February 1917 – February 1918 1939–1945 2013–present |
Country | ![]() |
Allegiance | Queen Elizabeth II |
Branch | ![]() |
Type | Infantry Armoured |
Size | Division |
Nickname(s) | The Mighty Maroon Machine, Maroon 5 |
Engagements | Italian Campaign North-West Europe |
Commanders | |
Current commander | Brigadier-General C.J. Turenne |
Division CWO | Chief Warrant Officer S.E. Croucher |
Notable commanders | Bert Hoffmeister |
The 5th Canadian Division is a formation of the Canadian Army. It was first created as a formation of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the First World War. It was stood down during the war only to be reactivated through the renaming from '1st Canadian Armoured Division' to the 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division during the Second World War. In both wars the division was recognized by the distinctive Maroon patch worn on the sleeve of its soldiers.
First World War
The 5th Canadian Division of the Canadian Corps was formed during World War I. The 5th began assembling in Britain in February, 1917, but was broken up in February 1918 before it was fully formed. Its men were used as reinforcements for the other four Canadian divisions, helping to maintain the over-strength Divisions of 22,000–25,000 with more than 100,000 men total.[citation needed] It was reactivated in 2013.[1]
Infantry Units
13th Canadian Brigade:
- 128th (Moose Jaw) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – May 1917. Absorbed by the 15th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 134th (48th Highlanders) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – February 1918. Absorbed by the 12th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 160th Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – February 1918. Absorbed by the 4th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 164th (Halton and Dufferin) Battalion Canadian Infantry. May 1917 – April 1918. Absorbed by the 8th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 202nd Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – May 28, 1918. Absorbed by the 9th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 208th Battalion Canadian Infantry. May 1917 – January 3, 1918. Absorbed by the 2nd and 3rd Canadian Reserve Battalions.
14th Canadian Brigade:
- 125th Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – April 16, 1918. Absorbed by the 8th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 150th (Carabiniers Mont Royal) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – February 15, 1918. Absorbed by the 6th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 156th (Leeds and Grenville) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – February 15, 1918. Absorbed by the 6th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 161st Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – February 15, 1918. Absorbed by the 4th Canadian Reserve Battalion.
15th Canadian Brigade:
- 104th (New Brunswick) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – February 15, 1918. Absorbed by the 13th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 119th (Algoma) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – April 16, 1918. Absorbed by the 8th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 185th (Cape Breton Highlanders) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – February 15, 1918. Absorbed by the 17th Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 198th (Canadian Buffs) Battalion Canadian Infantry. April 1917 – March 9, 1918. Absorbed by the 3rd Canadian Reserve Battalion;
- 199th (Duchess of Connaught's Own Irish Canadian Rangers) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – April 1917. Absorbed by the 23rd Canadian Reserve Battalion.
Attached Troops:
- 164th (Halton and Dufferin) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – May 1917. To the 13th Canadian Brigade;
- 198th (Canadian Buffs) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – April 1917. To the 15th Canadian Brigade;
- 208th Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – May 1917. To the 13th Canadian Brigade;
- 236th (MacLean Highlanders) Battalion Canadian Infantry. February 1917 – May 1917. Disbanded on March 13, 1918.
- 12 Canadian Field Ambulance
Second World War
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/5th_Canadian_Armoured_Division_formation_sign.png/220px-5th_Canadian_Armoured_Division_formation_sign.png)
The 5th Canadian (Armoured) Division was a Canadian division during World War II. Following its redesignation from 1st Canadian Armoured Division, the bulk proceeded overseas in one main convoy, arriving in the United Kingdom at the end of November 1941.
The 5th Armoured Division spent two years of the war uneventfully in the United Kingdom, finally transferring to the Mediterranean theatre in November 1943 to join the 1st Canadian Infantry Division as part of I Canadian Corps, under command of the British Eighth Army. The division moved without its tanks and vehicles, inheriting heavily used equipment as a legacy from the veteran British 7th Armoured Division ("The Desert Rats") who they relieved on the Italian Front. The majority of the vehicles were completely worn out, having first been issued in North Africa or were two-wheel drive–useless in Italy. It took several months for the division to be fully equipped with new vehicles, including M4 Shermans. Only the 11th Canadian Infantry Brigade was committed prior to 31 January 1944.[2]
The 5th Armoured took part in the Italian Campaign until the end of 1944, seeing notable action on the Hitler Line after the Allied breakthrough at Cassino in May 1944 and also during Operation Olive on the Gothic Line in August 1944. During the latter battle its single infantry brigade was augmented by a second, which was raised using reinforcements and units serving in other roles. Among them was the 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards–1st Canadian Division's armoured reconnaissance regiment. As with other Allied armoured divisions in the Mediterranean, local resources were used to establish an additional infantry brigade, the 12th Canadian Infantry Brigade. Based on the colour of its shoulder patch, the division became known as the "Mighty Maroon Machine".[3]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4215.jpg/220px-The_British_Army_in_North-west_Europe_1944-45_BU4215.jpg)
In January 1945, the division, together with the 1st Canadian Infantry Division, as part of Operation Goldflake, moved by truck, train, and naval transport to Belgium via Livorno and Marseille. After arriving on the Western Front, it disbanded the 12th Brigade, and re-equipped to join the First Canadian Army in time to participate in the final advance into Germany.
Commanding officers
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Hoffmeister_e010786144-v8.jpg/220px-Hoffmeister_e010786144-v8.jpg)
- Jun 1941 to Jan 1943 Major-General E.W. Sansom
- Jan 1943 to Oct 1943 Major-General C.R.S. Stein
- Oct 1943 to Jan 1944 Major-General G.G. Simonds
- Jan 1944 to Mar 1944 Major-General E.L.M. Burns
- Mar 1944 to Jun 1945 Major-General B.M. Hoffmeister
Organization until July 1944 and after March 1945
5th Canadian Armoured Brigade
- 2nd Armoured Regiment (Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians))
- 5th Armoured Regiment (8th Princess Louise's (New Brunswick) Hussars)
- 9th Armoured Regiment (The British Columbia Dragoons)
- The Westminster Regiment (Motor)
11th Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 11th Independent Machine Gun Company (The Princess Louise Fusiliers)
- The Perth Regiment
- The Cape Breton Highlanders
- The Irish Regiment of Canada
- 3rd Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment (The Governor General's Horse Guards)
- 11th Infantry Brigade Ground Defence Platoon (Lorne Scots)
Other Units
- 17th Field Regiment, RCA
- 8th Field Regiment (Self-Propelled), RCA
- 4th Anti-tank Regiment, RCA
- 5th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment, RCA
- "G" Squadron, 25th Canadian Armoured Delivery Regiment (The Elgin Regiment), Royal Canadian Armoured Corps
- 1 Cdn Field Squadron, RCE
- 10 Cdn Field Squadron, RCE
- 4 Cdn Field Park Squadron, RCE
- 5th Canadian (Armoured) Divisional Signals, RCSigs
- No. 5 Provost Company, Canadian Provost Corps
Organization July 1944 until March 1945
5th Canadian Armoured Brigade
- 2nd Armoured Regiment (Lord Strathcona’s Horse (Royal Canadians))
- 5th Armoured Regiment (8th Princess Louise’s (New Brunswick) Hussars)
- 9th Armoured Regiment (The British Columbia Dragoons)
11th Canadian Infantry Brigade
- 11th Independent Machine Gun Company (The Princess Louise Fusiliers)
- The Perth Regiment
- The Cape Breton Highlanders
- The Irish Regiment of Canada
- 11 Canadian Infantry Brigade Ground Defence Platoon (Lorne Scots)
12th Canadian Infantry Brigade (raised in August 1944)
- 12th Independent Machine Gun Company (The Princess Louise Fusiliers)
- The Westminster Regiment (Motor)
- 4th Princess Louise Dragoon Guards (from 1st Canadian Infantry Division)
- The Lanark and Renfrew Scottish Regiment (from Corps anti-aircraft assets)
- 3rd Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment (The Governor General's Horse Guards)
- 12 Canadian Infantry Brigade Ground Defence Platoon (Lorne Scots)
Other Units
- 17th Field Artillery Regiment
- 8th Field Artillery Regiment (Self-Propelled)
- 4th Anti-tank Regiment
- 5th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment
- "G" Squadron, 25th Canadian Armoured Delivery Regiment (The Elgin Regiment), Royal Canadian Armoured Corps
- 1 Cdn Field Squadron, RCE
- 10 Cdn Field Squadron, RCE
- 4 Cdn Field Park Squadron, RCE
- 5th Canadian (Armoured) Divisional Signals, RCSigs
- No. 5 Provost Company, Canadian Provost Corps
Land Forces Atlantic Area and 2013 reactivation of the 5th Canadian Division
LFAA was created on 1 September 1991, taking command of what was previously the militia areas and the Regular Force Army units and formations in Atlantic Canada. At that point in time, the Militia Areas ceased to exist, and the subordinate Militia Districts were reorganised.[4]
Later that decade, the reserve force districts were again reorganized into two Canadian Brigade Groups.
In 2013, LFAA was renamed 5th Canadian Division. With this change of name, the formation was also granted the identifying patch and historical lineage of the division that served in the two world wars.
Regular Force
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/5th_Canadian_Division_Structure.png/400px-5th_Canadian_Division_Structure.png)
Operational Units
C Squadron, The Royal Canadian Dragoons, Royal Canadian Armoured Corps | Armour | 5 CDSB Gagetown (Oromocto, New Brunswick) (under command of 2 CMBG) |
2nd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment | Mechanized Infantry | CFB Gagetown (Oromocto, New Brunswick) (under command of 2 CMBG) |
4th Artillery Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery | Air Defence | Oromocto, New Brunswick |
4 Engineer Support Regiment | Engineers | 5 CDSB Gagetown (Oromocto, New Brunswick) |
3 Military Police Regiment | Military Police | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
5th Canadian Division Training Centre | 5 CDSB Gagetown (Oromocto, New Brunswick) |
5th Canadian Division Support Group
5th Canadian Division Support Group Headquarters | CFB Gagetown (Oromocto, New Brunswick) | |
5th Canadian Division Support Group | 5 CDSB Gagetown (Oromocto, New Brunswick) |
Lodger units supported by 5 CDSG
Combat Training Centre
Royal Canadian Armour Corps School |
Royal Canadian Artillery School |
Royal Canadian Infantry Corps School |
Canadian Forces School of Military Engineering |
Tactics School |
Reserve Force
36 Canadian Brigade Group | Halifax, Nova Scotia | |
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36 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters | Halifax, Nova Scotia | |
36 Canadian Brigade Group (NS) Band | Music | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
The Halifax Rifles (RCAC) | Reconnaissance | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
The Prince Edward Island Regiment (RCAC) | Reconnaissance | Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island |
1st (Halifax-Dartmouth) Field Artillery Regiment, RCA | Artillery | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
84th Independent Field Battery, RCA | Artillery | Yarmouth, Nova Scotia |
36 Combat Engineer Regiment | Combat Engineer | Sydney, Nova Scotia and Halifax, Nova Scotia |
The Princess Louise Fusiliers | Light Infantry | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
The West Nova Scotia Regiment | Light Infantry | Aldershot, Nova Scotia |
1st Battalion, The Nova Scotia Highlanders (North) | Light Infantry | Truro, Amherst and Springhill, Nova Scotia |
The Cape Breton Highlanders | Light Infantry | Sydney, Nova Scotia |
36 Service Battalion | Combat Service and Support | Halifax and Sydney, Nova Scotia |
36 Signal Regiment | Communications | Halifax and Glace Bay, Nova Scotia and Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island |
37 Canadian Brigade Group | Moncton, New Brunswick | |
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37 Canadian Brigade Group Headquarters | Moncton, New Brunswick | |
8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's) | Reconnaissance | Moncton, New Brunswick |
3rd Field Artillery Regiment, RCA | Artillery | Saint John, New Brunswick |
37 Combat Engineer Regiment | Combat engineer | St. John's, Newfoundland and Fredericton, New Brunswick |
The Royal New Brunswick Regiment (Carleton and York) | Light infantry | Fredericton, New Brunswick |
The North Shore (New Brunswick) Regiment | Light infantry | Bathurst, New Brunswick |
1st Battalion, The Royal Newfoundland Regiment | Light infantry | St. John's, Newfoundland |
2nd Battalion, The Royal Newfoundland Regiment | Light infantry | Corner Brook, Newfoundland |
37 Service Battalion | Service and support | Saint John, New Brunswick |
37 Signal Regiment | Communications | Saint John, New Brunswick, and St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador |
Other reserve units
- 5 Canadian Ranger Patrol Group: Gander, Newfoundland
- 3 Intelligence Company: Halifax, Nova Scotia
See also
Notes
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 14, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Dancocks p208-209
- ^ Mark Zuehlke, The Liri Valley: Canada's World War II Breakthrough to Rome, Douglas & McIntyre Ltd., Vancouver, 2003, p 58.
- ^ "Domestic Military Organization 1900–1999". Canadian Soldiers.com. February 22, 2013. and http://forums.army.ca/forums/index.php?topic=3223.0
References
- Dancocks, Daniel G. (1991). The D-Day Dodgers. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Inc. ISBN 978-0-7710-2544-0.
- Groningen, J. Niemeijer "History of 17th Field Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery, 5th Canadian Armoured Division" by (J. Niemeijer Groningen, 1946)
- Zuehlke, Mark, "The Liri Valley: Canada's World War II Breakthrough to Rome", Douglas & McIntyre Ltd., Vancouver, 2003
- Divisions of Canada in World War I
- Infantry divisions of Canada
- Military units and formations established in 1917
- Military units and formations disestablished in 1918
- Armored divisions
- Canadian World War II divisions
- Military units and formations of Canada in World War II
- Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II