Antun Vrančić: Difference between revisions
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'''Antun Vrančić''' or '''Antonio Veranzio''' (May 29, 1504 – June 15, 1573<ref name="HRT">{{cite web |
'''Antun Vrančić''' or '''Antonio Veranzio''' (May 29, 1504 – June 15, 1573<ref name="HRT">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrt.hr/index.php?id=76&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=40943&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=93&cHash=0d9124dc46 |title=Na današnji dan: Umro Antun Vrančić |date=June 15, 2009 |publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]] |language=Croatian |accessdate=2009-08-17 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>) was a [[Croats|Croatian]]<ref name="Setton 921"/> [[prelate]], writer, diplomat and [[Archbishop of Esztergom]] of the 16th century. Antun Vrančić was from [[Dalmatia]]n town of [[Šibenik]] (modern [[Croatia]]), then part of the [[Republic of Venice]].<ref name="Zarez"/> Vrančić is also known under his [[Latinized name]] ''Antonius Verantius'', while Hungarian documents since the 19th century<ref name="László Szalay és Gusztáv Wenzel">[https://archive.org/details/verancsicsantal11vera] László Szalay, Gusztáv Wenzel: Magyar történelmi emlékek, Verancsics Antal összes munkái, 1858 (The Works of Antal Verancsics)</ref> refer to him as ''Verancsics Antal''.<ref name="Andrew Simon">[https://books.google.com/books?id=cMxL4OUv-gEC&pg=PA246&lpg=PA246&dq=%22faustus+verancsics%22&source=bl&ots=2XUbb21jAj&sig=c1LD7J9OeXP1A6lXkL-_fVqojR8&hl=hr&ei=of2GSq_cJJncmgO96qzUBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6#v=onepage&q=%22faustus%20verancsics%22&f=false Google Books] Andrew L. Simon: Made in Hungary: Hungarian contributions to universal culture</ref><ref name="Hungarian Quarterly">[http://www.hungarianhistory.com/lib/sipka.doc The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. XLII * No. 162 *, Summer 2001] László Sipka: Innovators and Innovations</ref> |
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==Biography== |
==Biography== |
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===Early years=== |
===Early years=== |
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Vrančić was born and raised in [[Šibenik]], city in [[Dalmatia]] in the former [[Republic of Venice]].<ref name="Zarez">{{cite journal| |
Vrančić was born and raised in [[Šibenik]], city in [[Dalmatia]] in the former [[Republic of Venice]].<ref name="Zarez">{{cite journal|url=http://www.zarez.hr/155/tema2.htm |title=Kako sam služio ugarskog kralja |journal=[[Zarez]] |date=May 19, 2005 |issue=132 |first=Grozdana |last=Cvitan |language=Croatian |accessdate=2009-08-17 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718112334/http://www.zarez.hr/155/tema2.htm |archivedate=July 18, 2011 }}</ref> Most historians accept a hypothesis that the Vrančić family was one of the [[Bosnia]]n noble families that had moved to Šibenik in the era of [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] military incursions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2004%5C06%5C12%5C23A23.PDF |title=Europski obzori hrvatskoga humanista |work=[[Vjesnik]] |date=June 12, 2004 |first=Živana |last=Morić |language=Croatian |accessdate=2009-09-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070716235909/http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2004/06/12/23A23.PDF |archivedate=July 16, 2007 }}</ref> Vrančić's uncle Ivan Statilić and his other relative, [[Croatia]]n [[viceroy]] [[Petar Berislavić]], took care of his education.<ref name="HRT"/> His maternal uncle, [[John Statileo]], [[Bishop of Transylvania]] also supported him in [[Trogir]], [[Šibenik]], since 1514 in [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungary]] and in [[Padua]], where he earned the degree of magister in 1526. After later studies at [[Vienna]] and [[Kraków]], Vrančić entered diplomatic service, aged only 26.<ref name="Zarez"/> |
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=== Diplomat and prelate=== |
=== Diplomat and prelate=== |
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==Legacy== |
==Legacy== |
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[[File:Trnava sv Mikuláša 05 02.jpg|thumb|Vrančić's grave in [[Saint Nicolas' Church, Trnava|St. Nicholas Basilica]], [[Trnava]], Slovakia]] |
[[File:Trnava sv Mikuláša 05 02.jpg|thumb|Vrančić's grave in [[Saint Nicolas' Church, Trnava|St. Nicholas Basilica]], [[Trnava]], Slovakia]] |
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After Antun's death, his nephew [[Faust Vrančić|Faust]], who was a well known [[humanism|humanist]], [[linguist]] and [[lexicographer]] of the [[Renaissance]], took over writings from his estate.<ref name="Zarez"/> Two years later, in 1575, he wrote ''Life of Antun Vrančić'', a biography of his uncle, but did not manage to have it published.<ref>{{cite web |
After Antun's death, his nephew [[Faust Vrančić|Faust]], who was a well known [[humanism|humanist]], [[linguist]] and [[lexicographer]] of the [[Renaissance]], took over writings from his estate.<ref name="Zarez"/> Two years later, in 1575, he wrote ''Life of Antun Vrančić'', a biography of his uncle, but did not manage to have it published.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vjesnik.hr/pdf/2001%5C12%5C22%5C18A18.PDF |title=Svestranik iz Šibenika |work=[[Vjesnik]] |first=Josip |last=Lisac |date=December 22, 2001 |format=PDF |language=Croatian |accessdate=2009-08-19 }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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Croatian poet [[Brne Karnarutić]] dedicated his version of ''[[Pyramus and Thisbe]]'' to Antun Vrančić in 1586. [[Antun Vrančić High School]] in Vrančić's native [[Šibenik]] has been named after him since 1991, while a street in the old town centre also bears his name. Many other towns in Croatia have a street named after Vrančić. [[Croatian Post]] issued a stamp depicting Vrančić in 2004 honoring 500th anniversary of his birth.<ref>[https://www.posta.hr/default.aspx?id=3622&m=502 "Number: 502 FAMOUS CROATS - 500 ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF ANTUN VRANČIĆ"], Croatian Post</ref> |
Croatian poet [[Brne Karnarutić]] dedicated his version of ''[[Pyramus and Thisbe]]'' to Antun Vrančić in 1586. [[Antun Vrančić High School]] in Vrančić's native [[Šibenik]] has been named after him since 1991, while a street in the old town centre also bears his name. Many other towns in Croatia have a street named after Vrančić. [[Croatian Post]] issued a stamp depicting Vrančić in 2004 honoring 500th anniversary of his birth.<ref>[https://www.posta.hr/default.aspx?id=3622&m=502 "Number: 502 FAMOUS CROATS - 500 ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF ANTUN VRANČIĆ"], Croatian Post</ref> |
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Revision as of 17:51, 7 July 2017
His Excellency Antun Vrančić | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Esztergom Primate of Hungary | |
 Engraving of Vrančić by Martin Rota | |
| Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Esztergom |
| Installed | 17 October 1569 |
| Term ended | 15 June 1573 |
| Predecessor | Miklós Oláh |
| Previous post(s) |
|
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 3 August 1554 |
| Created cardinal | 5 June 1573 by Pope Gregory XIII |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 29, 1504 |
| Died | June 15, 1573 (aged 69) Eperjes, Kingdom of Hungary (today Prešov, Slovakia) |
| Buried | Saint Nicolas' Church, Trnava (Slovakia) |
| Nationality | Venetian Croatian[1] |
| Motto | "Ex alto omnia" |
| Coat of arms |  |
Antun Vrančić or Antonio Veranzio (May 29, 1504 – June 15, 1573[2]) was a Croatian[1] prelate, writer, diplomat and Archbishop of Esztergom of the 16th century. Antun Vrančić was from Dalmatian town of Šibenik (modern Croatia), then part of the Republic of Venice.[3] Vrančić is also known under his Latinized name Antonius Verantius, while Hungarian documents since the 19th century[4] refer to him as Verancsics Antal.[5][6]
Biography
Early years
Vrančić was born and raised in Šibenik, city in Dalmatia in the former Republic of Venice.[3] Most historians accept a hypothesis that the Vrančić family was one of the Bosnian noble families that had moved to Šibenik in the era of Ottoman military incursions.[7] Vrančić's uncle Ivan Statilić and his other relative, Croatian viceroy Petar Berislavić, took care of his education.[2] His maternal uncle, John Statileo, Bishop of Transylvania also supported him in Trogir, Šibenik, since 1514 in Hungary and in Padua, where he earned the degree of magister in 1526. After later studies at Vienna and Kraków, Vrančić entered diplomatic service, aged only 26.[3]
Diplomat and prelate
Zápolya's service
In 1530 John Zápolya appointed him as the provost of the Buda cathedral and as a royal secretary. Between 1530-1539 he was also the deputy[8] of the King and after his death he remained with his widow, Isabella Jagiellon.[9] In 1541 he moved with her to Transylvania, but he mostly traveled fulfilling diplomatic services because of his disagreement with cardinal Juraj Utješinović's policy of claiming the Hungarian throne for Isabella's and Zápolya's infant son (instead of conceding it to Ferdinand I as per Treaty of Nagyvárad). Utješinović, appointed by Zápolya as a guardian of his son, John Sigismund Zápolya, fought against Ferdinand and allied himself with the Ottoman Empire.
Habsburg service
In 1549 Vrančić entered Ferdinand's service. In parallel to his diplomatic duties, he held important positions in Catholic Church (the chief dean of Szabolcs County, abbot of Pornó Abbey). In 1553 he was appointed as a bishop of Pécs and sent to Constantinople to conduct negotiations with sultan Suleyman I on Ferdinand's behalf. That mission was previously declined by many other diplomats as an earlier negotiator was imprisoned by the Ottomans. Vrančić spent four years in Asia minor and finally concluded peace treaty. After his return he was appointed bishop of Eger (July 17, 1560 – September 25, 1570). After the Battle of Szigetvár in 1566, as one of Maximilian's ambasadors, Antun was sent to Turkey to negotiate peace again; he arrived in Istanbul on 26 August 1567.[10] After five months of negotiations with Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and Selim II, agreement had been reached by 17 February, and the Treaty of Adrianople was signed on 21 February 1568, ending the war between the Holy Roman Empire and Ottoman Empire.[10] In appreciation of his diplomatic work, the king named him archbishop of Esztergom (17 Oct 1569 - 15 Jun 1573).
During his stay in Istanbul, together with Ogier Ghislain de Busbecq, Vrančić discovered Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Eng. The Deeds of the Divine Augustus), a Roman monument in Ankara. His travels throughout the Transylvania, Balkan and Asia minor resulted in writing extensive travel accounts.
In 1573 he urged Maximilian II to approach rebellious serfs conciliatory during Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt. On September 25, 1573, he crowned Rudolf II as a king of Hungary and Croatia in Pressburg.
Death
He died in Eperjes, Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Prešov, Slovakia), just days after having learned that the Pope appointed him cardinal.[2] Following his own wish, Vrančić was buried in Saint Nicholas church in Nagyszombat, Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Trnava, Slovakia).[2]
Influences
Antun Vrančić was in touch with German philosopher, theologian and reformer Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560); and with Nikola Šubić Zrinski (1508–1566), Croatian ban, poet, statesman and soldier.[citation needed] In Viaggio in Dalmazia (1774), Alberto Fortis noted that Vrančić's descendants still kept a letter to Vrančić from Dutch philosopher, humanist and writer Erasmus (1465–1536), but no other evidence of correspondence between the two exists today, and modern scholars find it unlikely.[11]
Legacy
After Antun's death, his nephew Faust, who was a well known humanist, linguist and lexicographer of the Renaissance, took over writings from his estate.[3] Two years later, in 1575, he wrote Life of Antun Vrančić, a biography of his uncle, but did not manage to have it published.[12]
Croatian poet Brne Karnarutić dedicated his version of Pyramus and Thisbe to Antun Vrančić in 1586. Antun Vrančić High School in Vrančić's native Šibenik has been named after him since 1991, while a street in the old town centre also bears his name. Many other towns in Croatia have a street named after Vrančić. Croatian Post issued a stamp depicting Vrančić in 2004 honoring 500th anniversary of his birth.[13]
Bibliography
- De situ Transylvaniae, Moldaviae et Transalpinae
- Vita Petri Berislavi
- De rebus gestis Ioannis, regis Hungariae
- De itinere et legatione sua Constantinopolitana cum fratre Michaele dialogus
- Iter Buda Hadrianopolium
Sources
- Manfred Stoy: Vrančić, Antun. In: Biographisches Lexikon zur Geschichte Südosteuropas. Band 4. München 1981, S. 442–444
- Lučin, Branislav (December 2004). "Erazmo i Hrvati XV. i XVI. stoljeća" (PDF). Prilozi za istraživanje hrvatske filozofske baštine (in Croatian). 30 (1–2 (59–60)). Zagreb: Institute of Philosophy: 5–29. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help) - The Classification of the Letters of Antun Vrančić (abstract)
- Klasifikacija pisama Antuna Vrančića Template:Hr icon
References
- ^ a b Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1984). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The Sixteenth Century. Vol. IV. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. p. 921. ISBN 0-87169-162-0.
- ^ a b c d "Na današnji dan: Umro Antun Vrančić" (in Croatian). Croatian Radiotelevision. June 15, 2009. Retrieved 2009-08-17.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d Cvitan, Grozdana (May 19, 2005). "Kako sam služio ugarskog kralja". Zarez (in Croatian) (132). Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved 2009-08-17.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ [1] László Szalay, Gusztáv Wenzel: Magyar történelmi emlékek, Verancsics Antal összes munkái, 1858 (The Works of Antal Verancsics)
- ^ Google Books Andrew L. Simon: Made in Hungary: Hungarian contributions to universal culture
- ^ The Hungarian Quarterly, Vol. XLII * No. 162 *, Summer 2001 László Sipka: Innovators and Innovations
- ^ Morić, Živana (June 12, 2004). "Europski obzori hrvatskoga humanista" (PDF). Vjesnik (in Croatian). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 16, 2007. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ http://lexikon.katolikus.hu/V/Verancsics.html
- ^ http://www.biolex.ios-regensburg.de/BioLexViewview.php?ID=1861 here
- ^ a b Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1984). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The Sixteenth Century. Vol. IV. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. pp. 921–922. ISBN 0-87169-162-0.
- ^ Lučin 2004, p. 11–12.
- ^ Lisac, Josip (December 22, 2001). "Svestranik iz Šibenika" (PDF). Vjesnik (in Croatian). Retrieved 2009-08-19.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Number: 502 FAMOUS CROATS - 500 ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF ANTUN VRANČIĆ", Croatian Post
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