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==Overview==
==Overview==
Although [[LGBT rights in Iran|homosexual relationships are illegal]] (punishable by death) in Iran, [[Sex reassignment therapy|sex reassignment]] operations are permitted. In 1987, Islamic leader [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] passed a [[fatwa]] allowing sex-change operations as a cure for "diagnosed transsexuals".<ref name="BBC">{{cite news | last = Barford | first = Vanessa | title = Iran's 'diagnosed transsexuals' |publisher=BBC | date = 25 February 2008 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7259057.stm | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080229004936/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7259057.stm| archivedate= 29 February 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> ''Be Like Others'' shows the experiences of male and female patients at Dr. Bahram Mir-Jalali's Mirdamad Surgical Centre, a sex-reassignment clinic in [[Tehran]].<ref name="JRF">{{cite journal | last = Blizek | first = William L. |author2=Ruby Ramji | title = Report from Sundance 2008: Religion in Independent Film | journal = [[Journal of Religion and Film]] | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | date = April 2008 | url = http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol12no1/sundance_2008.htm#be | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080210040115/http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol12no1/sundance_2008.htm| archivedate= 10 February 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> One of them is Ali Askar, a 24-year-old man who faces harassment from other men due to his feminine appearance and behaviour. He does not want to become a woman but sees no other options for him in Iranian society. He decides to go ahead with the surgery despite death threats from his father and finds support from Vida, a post-operative transsexual he meets at the clinic. By the end of the film, Ali has become a woman named Negar. She has been disowned by her family, experienced [[clinical depression|depression]] and has had to work as a [[prostitute]]. Twenty-year-old Anoosh is another young man who has been ostracised due to his femininity. His boyfriend feels more comfortable when Anoosh dresses as a woman, and in contrast to Ali, Anoosh's mother is supportive of his desire to change sex. The end of the film shows Anoosh – now Anahita – happy and engaged to her boyfriend. However, her boyfriend has become increasingly distant since Anahita had her surgery.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="Var">{{Cite news | last = Koehler | first = Robert | title = Be Like Others Review | newspaper = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = 31 January 2008 | url =http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&id=2478&reviewid=VE1117936019 | accessdate=1 March 2008 }}</ref>
Although [[LGBT rights in Iran|homosexual relationships are illegal]] (punishable by death) in Iran, [[Sex reassignment therapy|sex reassignment]] operations are permitted. In 1987, Islamic leader [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] passed a [[fatwa]] allowing sex-change operations as a cure for "diagnosed transsexuals".<ref name="BBC">{{cite news | last = Barford | first = Vanessa | title = Iran's 'diagnosed transsexuals' |publisher=BBC | date = 25 February 2008 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7259057.stm | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080229004936/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7259057.stm| archivedate= 29 February 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> ''Be Like Others'' shows the experiences of male and female patients at Dr. Bahram Mir-Jalali's Mirdamad Surgical Centre, a sex-reassignment clinic in [[Tehran]].<ref name="JRF">{{cite journal | last = Blizek | first = William L. | author2 = Ruby Ramji | title = Report from Sundance 2008: Religion in Independent Film | journal = [[Journal of Religion and Film]] | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | date = April 2008 | url = http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol12no1/sundance_2008.htm#be | accessdate = 1 March 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080210040115/http://www.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol12no1/sundance_2008.htm#be | archivedate = 10 February 2008 | deadurl = yes | df = dmy-all }}</ref> One of them is Ali Askar, a 24-year-old man who faces harassment from other men due to his feminine appearance and behaviour. He does not want to become a woman but sees no other options for him in Iranian society. He decides to go ahead with the surgery despite death threats from his father and finds support from Vida, a post-operative transsexual he meets at the clinic. By the end of the film, Ali has become a woman named Negar. She has been disowned by her family, experienced [[clinical depression|depression]] and has had to work as a [[prostitute]]. Twenty-year-old Anoosh is another young man who has been ostracised due to his femininity. His boyfriend feels more comfortable when Anoosh dresses as a woman, and in contrast to Ali, Anoosh's mother is supportive of his desire to change sex. The end of the film shows Anoosh – now Anahita – happy and engaged to her boyfriend. However, her boyfriend has become increasingly distant since Anahita had her surgery.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="Var">{{Cite news | last = Koehler | first = Robert | title = Be Like Others Review | newspaper = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] | date = 31 January 2008 | url =http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=review&id=2478&reviewid=VE1117936019 | accessdate=1 March 2008 }}</ref>


Throughout the film, the patients of the sex-reassignment clinic assert that they are not homosexual, seeing homosexuality as something that is shameful and immoral.<ref name="NYM" /> Eshaghian's opinion is that this [[shame]] is the driving force behind so many Iranians deciding to change their sex. She says that identifying as transsexual rather than homosexual allows them to live free from harassment.<ref name="BBC" />
Throughout the film, the patients of the sex-reassignment clinic assert that they are not homosexual, seeing homosexuality as something that is shameful and immoral.<ref name="NYM" /> Eshaghian's opinion is that this [[shame]] is the driving force behind so many Iranians deciding to change their sex. She says that identifying as transsexual rather than homosexual allows them to live free from harassment.<ref name="BBC" />
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==Production==
==Production==
Eshaghian, an [[Iranian American]] film-maker, got the idea for ''Be Like Others'' after reading a 2004 ''[[New York Times]]'' article about sex-change operations happening in Iran and being surprised that such an operation would be acceptable in a [[Muslim country]].<ref name="dfg">{{cite web|title=Interview with Tanaz Eshaghian |publisher=[[The British Documentary Website]] |date=15 December 2007 |url=http://www.dfgdocs.com/Resources/Articles/102.aspx |accessdate=5 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502040735/http://www.dfgdocs.com:80/Resources/Articles/102.aspx |archivedate=2 May 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> She wrote a proposal for a film and tried to find funding, but was unsuccessful.<ref name="dfg" /> She contacted a British journalist who had written on the subject and he gave her telephone numbers for Dr. Bahram Mir-Jalali and the Muslim cleric featured in the film.<ref name="FC">{{cite web | title = Be Like Others – Sundance Film Festival | publisher = [[FilmCatcher.com]] | url = http://www.filmcatcher.com/festivals/Sundance_Film_Festival/day_1/65/ | accessdate =5 March 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080309214821/http://www.filmcatcher.com/festivals/Sundance_Film_Festival/day_1/65/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 9 March 2008}}</ref> To find subjects, she visited the predominant sex-reassignment clinic in Iran, and spent time in the waiting-room talking to patients and their families.<ref name="NYM">{{cite web | last = Ellison | first = Jesse | title = ‘Be Like Others’ Director Tanaz Eshaghian on Sundance, Sex Changes, and the Ayatollah | work = [[New York (magazine)|New York]] | date = 24 January 2008 | url = http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/01/be_like_others_director_tanaz.html | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080316062740/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/01/be_like_others_director_tanaz.html| archivedate= 16 March 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> She found that [[female-to-male]] transsexuals were generally very successful in living as their new gender and as a result were reluctant to take part in the documentary for fear of being "[[Coming out|outed]]" as transsexual.<ref name="JRF" /> She felt that the contrasting stories of Ali and Anoosh highlighted the importance of family bonds in [[Iranian society]].<ref name="Reeler">{{cite web | title = Tanaz Eshaghian, Be Like Others | work = The Reeler | date = 20 January 2008 | url = http://www.thereeler.com/sundance_features/tanaz_eshaghian_be_like_others.php | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080216061122/http://www.thereeler.com/sundance_features/tanaz_eshaghian_be_like_others.php| archivedate= 16 February 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> At a question and answer session at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], Eshaghian said that one of the men she met while filming decided to live as a gay man rather than become a woman, and that she is now trying to help him leave Iran.<ref>{{cite web | last = Ferber | first = Lawrence | title = Sundance Gay Film Dispatch 3: Homos Away from Home, Craig Lucas, and shoes | publisher = [[AfterElton.com]] | date = 28 January 2008 | url = http://www.afterelton.com/taxonomy/term/2441 | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080212130334/http://www.afterelton.com/taxonomy/term/2441| archivedate= 12 February 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
Eshaghian, an [[Iranian American]] film-maker, got the idea for ''Be Like Others'' after reading a 2004 ''[[New York Times]]'' article about sex-change operations happening in Iran and being surprised that such an operation would be acceptable in a [[Muslim country]].<ref name="dfg">{{cite web |title=Interview with Tanaz Eshaghian |publisher=[[The British Documentary Website]] |date=15 December 2007 |url=http://www.dfgdocs.com/Resources/Articles/102.aspx |accessdate=5 March 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502040735/http://www.dfgdocs.com/Resources/Articles/102.aspx |archivedate=2 May 2008 |df=dmy }}</ref> She wrote a proposal for a film and tried to find funding, but was unsuccessful.<ref name="dfg" /> She contacted a British journalist who had written on the subject and he gave her telephone numbers for Dr. Bahram Mir-Jalali and the Muslim cleric featured in the film.<ref name="FC">{{cite web | title = Be Like Others – Sundance Film Festival | publisher = [[FilmCatcher.com]] | url = http://www.filmcatcher.com/festivals/Sundance_Film_Festival/day_1/65/ | accessdate =5 March 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080309214821/http://www.filmcatcher.com/festivals/Sundance_Film_Festival/day_1/65/ <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 9 March 2008}}</ref> To find subjects, she visited the predominant sex-reassignment clinic in Iran, and spent time in the waiting-room talking to patients and their families.<ref name="NYM">{{cite web | last = Ellison | first = Jesse | title = ‘Be Like Others’ Director Tanaz Eshaghian on Sundance, Sex Changes, and the Ayatollah | work = [[New York (magazine)|New York]] | date = 24 January 2008 | url = http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/01/be_like_others_director_tanaz.html | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080316062740/http://nymag.com/daily/entertainment/2008/01/be_like_others_director_tanaz.html| archivedate= 16 March 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> She found that [[female-to-male]] transsexuals were generally very successful in living as their new gender and as a result were reluctant to take part in the documentary for fear of being "[[Coming out|outed]]" as transsexual.<ref name="JRF" /> She felt that the contrasting stories of Ali and Anoosh highlighted the importance of family bonds in [[Iranian society]].<ref name="Reeler">{{cite web | title = Tanaz Eshaghian, Be Like Others | work = The Reeler | date = 20 January 2008 | url = http://www.thereeler.com/sundance_features/tanaz_eshaghian_be_like_others.php | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080216061122/http://www.thereeler.com/sundance_features/tanaz_eshaghian_be_like_others.php| archivedate= 16 February 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> At a question and answer session at the [[Sundance Film Festival]], Eshaghian said that one of the men she met while filming decided to live as a gay man rather than become a woman, and that she is now trying to help him leave Iran.<ref>{{cite web | last = Ferber | first = Lawrence | title = Sundance Gay Film Dispatch 3: Homos Away from Home, Craig Lucas, and shoes | publisher = [[AfterElton.com]] | date = 28 January 2008 | url = http://www.afterelton.com/taxonomy/term/2441 | accessdate =1 March 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080212130334/http://www.afterelton.com/taxonomy/term/2441| archivedate= 12 February 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>


==Distribution and reception==
==Distribution and reception==

Revision as of 14:01, 16 July 2017

Be Like Others
A closeup photo of a transsexual woman's face. She is wearing make-up. She looks off-camera to the left and is smiling.
Screenshot of Anoosh/Anahita
Directed byTanaz Eshaghian
Written byTanaz Eshaghian
Produced byTanaz Eshaghian
Christoph Jorg[1]
CinematographyAmir Hosseini[1]
Edited byJay Freund[2]
Distributed byThe Film Collaborative
Release date
  • 19 January 2008 (2008-01-19) (Sundance Film Festival)
Running time
74 minutes
CountriesIran, United Kingdom, United States
LanguagePersian

Be Like Others (also known as Transsexual in Iran) is a 2008 documentary film written and directed by Tanaz Eshaghian about transsexuals in Iran. It explores issues of gender and sexual identity while following the personal stories of some of the patients at a Tehran gender reassignment clinic. The film played at the Sundance Film Festival and the Berlin International Film Festival, winning three awards.

Overview

Although homosexual relationships are illegal (punishable by death) in Iran, sex reassignment operations are permitted. In 1987, Islamic leader Ayatollah Khomeini passed a fatwa allowing sex-change operations as a cure for "diagnosed transsexuals".[3] Be Like Others shows the experiences of male and female patients at Dr. Bahram Mir-Jalali's Mirdamad Surgical Centre, a sex-reassignment clinic in Tehran.[4] One of them is Ali Askar, a 24-year-old man who faces harassment from other men due to his feminine appearance and behaviour. He does not want to become a woman but sees no other options for him in Iranian society. He decides to go ahead with the surgery despite death threats from his father and finds support from Vida, a post-operative transsexual he meets at the clinic. By the end of the film, Ali has become a woman named Negar. She has been disowned by her family, experienced depression and has had to work as a prostitute. Twenty-year-old Anoosh is another young man who has been ostracised due to his femininity. His boyfriend feels more comfortable when Anoosh dresses as a woman, and in contrast to Ali, Anoosh's mother is supportive of his desire to change sex. The end of the film shows Anoosh – now Anahita – happy and engaged to her boyfriend. However, her boyfriend has become increasingly distant since Anahita had her surgery.[3][5]

Throughout the film, the patients of the sex-reassignment clinic assert that they are not homosexual, seeing homosexuality as something that is shameful and immoral.[6] Eshaghian's opinion is that this shame is the driving force behind so many Iranians deciding to change their sex. She says that identifying as transsexual rather than homosexual allows them to live free from harassment.[3]

At first, Westerners may find the Iranian state's support of sex change operations contradictory in light of their views on homosexuality. However, Be Like Others reveals the reasoning behind this apparent disagreement: while homosexuality is considered a shameful choice, transsexuality is thought of as a curable mental illness. Dr. Bahram Mir-Jalali, performs more sex-change operations in a year than the entire country of France does in 10 years. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has notoriously proclaimed that there are no homosexuals in Iran, as it is clear that homosexuality has become interchangeable with transsexuality due to fear and repression.[7] The film walks us through the lives of individuals undergoing this procedure and gives us a look into what life is like afterwards.[3]

Production

Eshaghian, an Iranian American film-maker, got the idea for Be Like Others after reading a 2004 New York Times article about sex-change operations happening in Iran and being surprised that such an operation would be acceptable in a Muslim country.[8] She wrote a proposal for a film and tried to find funding, but was unsuccessful.[8] She contacted a British journalist who had written on the subject and he gave her telephone numbers for Dr. Bahram Mir-Jalali and the Muslim cleric featured in the film.[9] To find subjects, she visited the predominant sex-reassignment clinic in Iran, and spent time in the waiting-room talking to patients and their families.[6] She found that female-to-male transsexuals were generally very successful in living as their new gender and as a result were reluctant to take part in the documentary for fear of being "outed" as transsexual.[4] She felt that the contrasting stories of Ali and Anoosh highlighted the importance of family bonds in Iranian society.[10] At a question and answer session at the Sundance Film Festival, Eshaghian said that one of the men she met while filming decided to live as a gay man rather than become a woman, and that she is now trying to help him leave Iran.[11]

Distribution and reception

In 2008, Be Like Others was screened at the Sundance Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize and the Berlin International Film Festival where it won three Teddy Awards; the Amnesty International Film Prize – Special Mention, Reader Jury of the Siegessäule and the Jury Award.[12] The film was shown on BBC television as Transsexual in Iran in February 2008.[3] It screened at the Seattle International Film Festival in June 2008.[13] Writing for Variety, Robert Koehler called Be Like Others "a powerful window into a once-hidden side of the country" and "a model of non-dogmatic filmmaking on a highly charged topic."[5]

In 2010, Be Like Others was nominated for a GLAAD Media Award for "Outstanding Documentary" during the 21st GLAAD Media Awards.[14] In 2012, the film screened at the Noor Iranian Film Festival and won Best Documentary.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Brunette, Peter (11 February 2008). "Be Like Others". Screen Daily. Archived from the original on 10 March 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Be Like Others Production Credits". New York Times. 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  3. ^ a b c d e Barford, Vanessa (25 February 2008). "Iran's 'diagnosed transsexuals'". BBC. Archived from the original on 29 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b Blizek, William L.; Ruby Ramji (April 2008). "Report from Sundance 2008: Religion in Independent Film". Journal of Religion and Film. 12 (1). Archived from the original on 10 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b Koehler, Robert (31 January 2008). "Be Like Others Review". Variety. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  6. ^ a b Ellison, Jesse (24 January 2008). "'Be Like Others' Director Tanaz Eshaghian on Sundance, Sex Changes, and the Ayatollah". New York. Archived from the original on 16 March 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "PBS". PBS.
  8. ^ a b "Interview with Tanaz Eshaghian". The British Documentary Website. 15 December 2007. Archived from the original on 2 May 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Be Like Others – Sundance Film Festival". FilmCatcher.com. Archived from the original on 9 March 2008. Retrieved 5 March 2008.
  10. ^ "Tanaz Eshaghian, Be Like Others". The Reeler. 20 January 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Ferber, Lawrence (28 January 2008). "Sundance Gay Film Dispatch 3: Homos Away from Home, Craig Lucas, and shoes". AfterElton.com. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 1 March 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Levy, Emanuel (2008). "Berlin Film Fest 2008: Complete List of Winners in All Sections". Retrieved 1 March 2008.
  13. ^ "Films & Events – Be Like Others". Seattle International Film Festival. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 17 May 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ "21st Annual GLAAD Media Awards – English Language Nominees". Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation. 2010. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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