Cyrtophora citricola: Difference between revisions

Cyrtophora citricola
	C. citricola from Portugal
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Suborder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Araneidae
Genus:	Cyrtophora; (Forskål, 1775)
Species:	C. citricola
Binomial name
	Cyrtophora citricola;
Synonyms
	Aranea citricola; Epeira opuntiae; Epeira cacti-opuntiae; Epeira citricola; Epeira emarginata; Epeira flava; Epeira purpurea; Epeira dorsuosa; Cyrtophora sculptilis; Cyrtophora opuntiae; Epeira cajetana; Araneus citricola; Cyrtophora dorsuosa

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Revision as of 06:27, 16 August 2017

Cyrtophora citricola, also known as the Tropical Tent-Web Spider, is an araneid spider that occurs in the warmer parts of Europe, Asia and Africa, but also Australia, Costa Rica, Hispaniola and Colombia. It can now also be found in other parts, such as Florida, where it was first found in 2000.

Although it is in the family commonly called Orb Web Spiders, this spider does not build orb webs. Their horizontal web forms a cone in the middle, with many support lines holding it. The web is not sticky, and spiral and radials are constructed from the same silk. Unlike in orb webs, all cells in the web are rectangular.

C. citricola's color may vary greatly; whereas many sport a black and white pattern, others are brown, males sometimes appear black. The females resemble a piece of dead leaf, and will sometimes hide in debris that has fallen into the web. Body length in females normally reaches 10 mm, with males only 3 mm long. Many females can build their webs in close vicinity, and colonies with hundreds of individuals have been observed. Colonial C. citricola were found to catch the same amount of prey with smaller webs, compared to solitary specimens. Colonies often consist of the offspring of a single female, that do not disperse after hatching.

Adult males do not build webs and stop eating. They die shortly after mating. Females may live long enough to guard their young, but sometimes die before hatching occurs. The flattened, elliptical egg sacs are up to 20 mm long, with a bluish to greenish hue, and up to ten egg sacs can be produced by a female.

References

Álvares, É.S.S. & De Maria, M. (2004). First record of Cyrtophora citricola (Forskål) in Brazil (Araneae, Araneidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 21(1):155-156 PDF doi:10.1590/S0101-81752004000100026
Edwards, G.B. (2006): Cyrtophora citricola (Araneae: Araneidae), a Colonial Tentweb Orbweaver Established in Florida. Entomology Circular 411:. PDF
Platnick, Norman I. (2009): The world spider catalog, version 10.0. American Museum of Natural History.

External links

Pictures of C. citricola
Pictures and information on C. citricola from Portugal
Cyrtophora citricola on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures website.

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 {{Reflist}}<!--added under references heading by script-assisted edit-->
 * {{aut|Álvares, É.S.S. & De Maria, M.}} (2004). First record of ''Cyrtophora citricola'' (Forskål) in Brazil (Araneae, Araneidae). ''Revista Brasileira de Zoologia'' 21(1):155-156 [http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v21n1/19726.pdf PDF] {{DOI|10.1590/S0101-81752004000100026}}
-* {{aut|Edwards, G.B.}} (2006): ''Cyrtophora citricola'' (Araneae: Araneidae), a Colonial Tentweb Orbweaver Established in Florida. ''Entomology Circular'' '''411''':. [http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/entcirc/ent411.pdf PDF]
+* {{aut|Edwards, G.B.}} (2006): ''Cyrtophora citricola'' (Araneae: Araneidae), a Colonial Tentweb Orbweaver Established in Florida. ''Entomology Circular'' '''411''':. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101203092224/http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/entcirc/ent411.pdf PDF]
 * {{aut|Platnick, Norman I.}} (2009): [http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html The world spider catalog], version 10.0. ''American Museum of Natural History''.