Deinbollia oblongifolia: Difference between revisions
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==Ecological significance== |
==Ecological significance== |
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The flowers attract hordes of insects<ref name="Quickelberge">Quickelberge, C. (1986). ''A Wildlife Handbook; Familiar South African Butterflies''. {{ISBN|0-949966-95-9}}</ref> including; [[moth]]s, [[butterflies]], [[bee]]s, [[wasp]]s, [[ant]]s<ref name="Pooley"/> and [[beetle]]s. The leaves are fed on by the larvae of several butterflies, including; gold-banded forester (''[[Euphaedra neophron]]''), forest queen (''[[Euxanthe wakefieldi]]'') and the purple-brown hairstreak (''[[Hypolycaena philippus]]'').<ref>Williams, M. (1994). ''Butterflies of Southern Africa; A Field Guide''. {{ISBN|1-86812-516-5}}</ref> Various ''[[Deudorix]]'' butterfly species' larvae also feed on these trees,<ref name="Quickelberge"/> including the larvae of the black-and-orange playboy (''[[Deudorix dariaves]]'')<ref name="Nichols"/> and the apricot playboy (''[[Deudorix dinochares]]'')<ref name="SABCA">Biodiversity data provided by: Data contributors to the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA) (list of contributors accessible here: http://sabca.adu.org.za/thanks.php), a joint project of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, and the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa (accessed via SABCA’s online virtual museum, http://sabca.adu.org.za/vm_redirect.php, 3 January 2010).</ref> which both eat the fruits of ''Deinbollia oblongifolia''. The larvae of the African peach moth (''[[Egybolis vaillantina]]'') also feed on the leaves,<ref name="SABCA"/><ref name=boon>Boon, R. (2010). ''Pooley's Trees of Eastern South Africa; A Complete Guide''. {{ISBN|978-0-620-46019-4}}.</ref> and the fruit are also eaten by birds (including the sombre greenbul (''[[Andropadus importunus]]'')<ref name="Nichols"/>) and monkeys.<ref name="Pooley"/> ''[[Charaxes]]'' butterflies feed on the fermenting fruits,<ref name="Nichols"/> and the green-veined charaxes (''[[Charaxes candiope]]''), pearl charaxes (''[[Charaxes varanes]]''), satyr charaxes (''[[Charaxes ethalion]]''), forest-king charaxes (''[[Charaxes xiphares]]''), white-barred charaxes (''[[Charaxes brutus]]'') and the Natal tree nymph (''[[Sevenia natalensis]]'') have all been observed feeding on the [[sap]] of ''Deinbollia oblongifolia''.<ref name="SABCA"/> Furthermore these trees are browsed by game animals.<ref name="Pooley"/> |
The flowers attract hordes of insects<ref name="Quickelberge">Quickelberge, C. (1986). ''A Wildlife Handbook; Familiar South African Butterflies''. {{ISBN|0-949966-95-9}}</ref> including; [[moth]]s, [[butterflies]], [[bee]]s, [[wasp]]s, [[ant]]s<ref name="Pooley"/> and [[beetle]]s. The leaves are fed on by the larvae of several butterflies, including; gold-banded forester (''[[Euphaedra neophron]]''), forest queen (''[[Euxanthe wakefieldi]]'') and the purple-brown hairstreak (''[[Hypolycaena philippus]]'').<ref>Williams, M. (1994). ''Butterflies of Southern Africa; A Field Guide''. {{ISBN|1-86812-516-5}}</ref> Various ''[[Deudorix]]'' butterfly species' larvae also feed on these trees,<ref name="Quickelberge"/> including the larvae of the black-and-orange playboy (''[[Deudorix dariaves]]'')<ref name="Nichols"/> and the apricot playboy (''[[Deudorix dinochares]]'')<ref name="SABCA">Biodiversity data provided by: Data contributors to the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA) (list of contributors accessible here: http://sabca.adu.org.za/thanks.php), a joint project of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, and the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa (accessed via SABCA’s online virtual museum, {{cite web |url=http://sabca.adu.org.za/vm_redirect.php |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-01-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110118025209/http://sabca.adu.org.za/vm_redirect.php |archivedate=18 January 2011 |df=dmy-all }}, 3 January 2010).</ref> which both eat the fruits of ''Deinbollia oblongifolia''. The larvae of the African peach moth (''[[Egybolis vaillantina]]'') also feed on the leaves,<ref name="SABCA"/><ref name=boon>Boon, R. (2010). ''Pooley's Trees of Eastern South Africa; A Complete Guide''. {{ISBN|978-0-620-46019-4}}.</ref> and the fruit are also eaten by birds (including the sombre greenbul (''[[Andropadus importunus]]'')<ref name="Nichols"/>) and monkeys.<ref name="Pooley"/> ''[[Charaxes]]'' butterflies feed on the fermenting fruits,<ref name="Nichols"/> and the green-veined charaxes (''[[Charaxes candiope]]''), pearl charaxes (''[[Charaxes varanes]]''), satyr charaxes (''[[Charaxes ethalion]]''), forest-king charaxes (''[[Charaxes xiphares]]''), white-barred charaxes (''[[Charaxes brutus]]'') and the Natal tree nymph (''[[Sevenia natalensis]]'') have all been observed feeding on the [[sap]] of ''Deinbollia oblongifolia''.<ref name="SABCA"/> Furthermore these trees are browsed by game animals.<ref name="Pooley"/> |
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==Gallery== |
==Gallery== |
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Revision as of 03:37, 8 September 2017
| Dune soap-berry | |
|---|---|
| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | D. oblongifolia
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| Binomial name | |
| Deinbollia oblongifolia (E. May. ex Arn.) Radlk.
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| Synonyms | |
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Hippobromus oblongifolius | |
Deinbollia oblongifolia is a shrub or small tree in the family Sapindaceae. It is commonly known as the dune soap-berry and is found in coastal vegetation from the Eastern Cape of South Africa, through KwaZulu-Natal[1] to southern Mozambique and Swaziland.
Description
These plants can grow up to 9 m tall.[1] The stem often branches low down and the bark is grey brown. The leaves are compound, up to 500 mm long and clustered at the ends of the branches.[1] The flowers are white,[1] or cream[2] and produced on branched flowering heads at the ends of the branches.[1] The fruit are rounded; green and velvety when young to yellow and smooth when ripe.[1] The dune soap-berry may be confused with a young forest mahogany (Trichilia dregeana) because of the similar shaped compound leaves, however the dune soap-berry has paler green slightly matt leaves compared to the forest mahogany, which has a darker green leaf that is slightly more glossy.[2] The leaves of the dune soap-berry are also hard textured (when mature) and not held flat as in Trichilia dregeana.[1]
Uses
The fruit is eaten by people.[1][2] The leaves can be eaten as spinach, and the seeds can be lathered in water and used as soap (hence the name "soap-berry").[2] The roots are used in traditional Zulu medicine for stomach complaints.[1] These shrubs are also valuable garden plants, especially in wildlife gardens.[2]
Ecological significance
The flowers attract hordes of insects[3] including; moths, butterflies, bees, wasps, ants[1] and beetles. The leaves are fed on by the larvae of several butterflies, including; gold-banded forester (Euphaedra neophron), forest queen (Euxanthe wakefieldi) and the purple-brown hairstreak (Hypolycaena philippus).[4] Various Deudorix butterfly species' larvae also feed on these trees,[3] including the larvae of the black-and-orange playboy (Deudorix dariaves)[2] and the apricot playboy (Deudorix dinochares)[5] which both eat the fruits of Deinbollia oblongifolia. The larvae of the African peach moth (Egybolis vaillantina) also feed on the leaves,[5][6] and the fruit are also eaten by birds (including the sombre greenbul (Andropadus importunus)[2]) and monkeys.[1] Charaxes butterflies feed on the fermenting fruits,[2] and the green-veined charaxes (Charaxes candiope), pearl charaxes (Charaxes varanes), satyr charaxes (Charaxes ethalion), forest-king charaxes (Charaxes xiphares), white-barred charaxes (Charaxes brutus) and the Natal tree nymph (Sevenia natalensis) have all been observed feeding on the sap of Deinbollia oblongifolia.[5] Furthermore these trees are browsed by game animals.[1]
Gallery
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Compound leaves -
Compound leaves -
Fruit and branches -
Green fruit -
Ripe fruit -
Telchinia encedon on flowers of Deinbollia oblongifolia -
Leptotes pirithous on the flowers
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pooley, E. (1993). The Complete Field Guide to Trees of Natal, Zululand and Transkei. ISBN 0-620-17697-0.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Nichols, G (2009). Dune Soap-berry Deinbollia oblongifolia: http://www.birdinfo.co.za/botanical/fruit/52_deinbollia_oblongifolia.htm, retrieved 3 January 2011.
- ^ a b Quickelberge, C. (1986). A Wildlife Handbook; Familiar South African Butterflies. ISBN 0-949966-95-9
- ^ Williams, M. (1994). Butterflies of Southern Africa; A Field Guide. ISBN 1-86812-516-5
- ^ a b c Biodiversity data provided by: Data contributors to the Southern African Butterfly Conservation Assessment (SABCA) (list of contributors accessible here: http://sabca.adu.org.za/thanks.php), a joint project of the South African National Biodiversity Institute, the Animal Demography Unit, University of Cape Town, and the Lepidopterists' Society of Africa (accessed via SABCA’s online virtual museum, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 18 January 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), 3 January 2010). - ^ Boon, R. (2010). Pooley's Trees of Eastern South Africa; A Complete Guide. ISBN 978-0-620-46019-4.