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''Corneotherapy'' (from [[Latin]] ''corneum'', ''outermost layer of the skin'') is a concept of [[skin care]] that deals with repairing its [[Keratin#Cornification|cornified layer]] (''[[stratum corneum]]''), improving its function and the [[homeostasis]] of the skin. The term corneotherapy was defined in the mid-1960s by Albert Kligman, an American [[dermatology]] Professor. |
'''Corneotherapy''' (from [[Latin]] ''corneum'', ''outermost layer of the skin'') is a concept of [[skin care]] that deals with repairing its [[Keratin#Cornification|cornified layer]] (''[[stratum corneum]]''), improving its function and the [[homeostasis]] of the skin. The term corneotherapy was defined in the mid-1960s by Albert Kligman, an American [[dermatology]] Professor. Corneobiology and corneobiochemistry are new terms used together with corneotherapy to illustrate this treatment regime. <ref name="pmid28266621">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sadowski T, Klose C, Gerl MJ, Wójcik-Maciejewicz A, Herzog R, Simons K, Reich A, Surma MA |title=Large-scale human skin lipidomics by quantitative, high-throughput shotgun mass spectrometry |journal=[[Scientific Reports]] |volume=7 |issue= |pages=43761 |year=2017 |pmid=28266621 |doi=10.1038/srep43761 |url=}}</ref> |
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== Overview == |
== Overview == |
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|Image:Skin.png|Cross-section of all skin layers |
|Image:Skin.png|Cross-section of all skin layers |
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|File:Blausen 0353 Epidermis.png|Illustration of epidermal layers |
|File:Blausen 0353 Epidermis.png|Illustration of epidermal layers |
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Revision as of 07:13, 19 February 2018
 Human stratum corneum | |
| System | Skin |
|---|---|
| Significant diseases | atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, dermatitis |
| Significant tests | Skin biopsy |
| Specialist | Corneotherapist |
Corneotherapy (from Latin corneum, outermost layer of the skin) is a concept of skin care that deals with repairing its cornified layer (stratum corneum), improving its function and the homeostasis of the skin. The term corneotherapy was defined in the mid-1960s by Albert Kligman, an American dermatology Professor. Corneobiology and corneobiochemistry are new terms used together with corneotherapy to illustrate this treatment regime. [1]
Overview
Corneotherapy is an ensemble of cures centered around corneobi¬ology, a science focused on the anatomy, physiology and biology of the stratum corneum. This concept refers to the preventive interventions for the correction and restoration of the stratum corneum barrier affected by the environment. This chemical (lipids, acids, hydrolytic enzymes and peptides) and immunologically active barrier, protects the body against microbial pathogens, oxidant stress (UV light) and chemical compounds.[2]
Corneotherapy encompasses all therapeutic interventions aimed at repairing stratum corneum barriers impaired through dermatologic disorders including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, dermatitis and chronic alipidic skin.
History
Until the last part of the 20th century, the human skin outer layer of desquamating corneocytes was perceived as a barrier impermeable to the environment and had no biological function. Then, a series of medical experimented conducted by Albert Kligman, revealed that the stratum corneum is a biologically active cellular tissue. Kligman and his partners discovered that the stratum corneum, and the lipid barrier that keeps it intact, played a significant role in skin health. It can send many signals to the underlying living epidermis and influences the regenerative processes in deeper layers of the skin. This revelation had an impact on subsequent understanding of skin health and topical therapies. Kligman labelled this ensemble of therapies: “corneoth¬erapy”. Then, more research on corneobiology was done by Peter Elias, a medical doctor. Elias defined the fundamental functions of the stratum corneum and outlined 10 functions of this horny layer of skin. In collaboration with Kligman, he considered a total of 16 layers. Kligman and his associates further found that treating the disturbed balance of the skin through the repeated application of substances with humectant and emollients properties, had substantial clinical effects. These special substances, blended into creams became known as commercial skin “moisturizers”. [3] The repeated application for cosmetic and therapeutic uses of these “moisturisers” improved common skin barrier disorders including atopic dermatitis, cornification disorders and dermatosis. As a result of this research, the upper layers of the epidermis were recognized as a significant player in immunity and protection. [4]
Methodology
The methodology of corneotherapy consists of achieving positive clinical effects with substances that emulate skin structure and function. The objective of corneotherapy is to restore the skin disrupted barrier defence (multi lamellar lipid structure, acid mantle, skin microbiome.), its lipid barrier and natural homeostasis with personalized products and natural homeostasis.[5] Corneotherapy rests on three core concepts: • Prevention – For preventive corneotherapy, it is essential to individually adapt skin care products to specific skin conditions. • Protection – Appropriate moisturizers and lipids support the integrity of the horny layer and the regeneration of deeper skin layers. • Personalization – A precise analysis of the skin leads to an individually adapted skin care.
Applications
Recent clinical studies have shown that a number of skin pathologies including barrier disorders (ex. atopic dermatitis), cornification disorders and dermatoses are treated with success in corneotherapy. These studies used products where the chemical and physical aspects of the membrane structures matched the condition in the stratum corneum. An important precondition appears to be the presence of a natural component called phosphatidylcholine which plays a significant role in cell membranes. [6]
-
Epidermis and dermis of human skin -
Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. Epidermis: stratum corneum (SC), stratum granulosum (SG), stratum spinosum (SS), and stratum basale (SB). -
Cross-section of all skin layers -
Illustration of epidermal layers
Corneotherapy is recommended in treating dermatoses, ichthyosis, psoriasis, acne (oily/dehydrated skin), perioral dermatitis, and cheilitis. A major advantage of this therapy is the absence of side effects compare to topical pharmaceuticals. However, its success requires a precise diagnosis of the skin and knowledge of skin care products and their components. In Corneotherapy, the practice of daily applications of a moisturizing agent in high doses not only induces skin surface hydration but also repairs mild barrier dysfunction of the stratum as noted in atopic xerosis cutis.[7]
See also
Further readings
References
- ^ Sadowski T, Klose C, Gerl MJ, Wójcik-Maciejewicz A, Herzog R, Simons K, Reich A, Surma MA (2017). "Large-scale human skin lipidomics by quantitative, high-throughput shotgun mass spectrometry". Scientific Reports. 7: 43761. doi:10.1038/srep43761. PMID 28266621.
- ^ Elias, P.M. (2007). "The skin barrier as an innate immune element". Seminars in Immunopathology. 29 (1): 3–14. doi:10.1007/s00281-007-0060-9. PMID 17621950.
- ^ Lautenschläger, Hans. "Specific active agents and bases in corneotherapy". Cosmetic Medicine. 2004 (2): 72–74.
- ^ Lautenschläger, Hans. (19 April 2005). "The history and current aspects of corneotherapy, IV". International Symposium on Aesthetic Medicine. 26 (2): 58–60.
- ^ "A Better Barrier With Corneotherapy". Skin Inc. November 1, 2016.
- ^ Suvorova K. (2004). "Corneotherapy of skin diseases that are accompanied by the disorder of the epidermis". Les Nouvelles Esthétiques (Russian version) (in Russian). 4 (28).
- ^ Hachiro Tagami (2010). "Percutaneous Absorption and Principles of Corneotherapy/Skin Care". Therapy of Skin Diseases: 57–62.