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'''Ma Anand Sheela''' ({{lang-gu|માં આનંદ શિલા}}; born 28 December 1949 as '''Sheela Ambalal Patel''' in India, also known as '''Sheela Birnstiel''')<ref name="Patel"/> is an |
'''Ma Anand Sheela''' ({{lang-gu|માં આનંદ શિલા}}; born 28 December 1949 as '''Sheela Ambalal Patel''' in India, also known as '''Sheela Birnstiel''')<ref name="Patel"/> is an author and the proprietor in Switzerland of two government-licensed homes ("Wohngemeinschaften") for mentally and physically handicapped people<ref>http://www.matrusaden.ch/</ref>. As the personal secretary of [[Rajneesh|Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh]], the spiritual leader of the [[Rajneesh_movement|Rajneesh movement]], from 1981 through 1985, she managed the [[Rajneeshpuram]] ashram in [[Wasco County, Oregon]], [[United States]]<ref>{{cite news|last1=FitzGerald|first1=Frances|title=Il-Rajneeshpuram|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1986/09/29/ii-rajneeshpuram|accessdate=3 April 2018|issue=September 29, 1986 Issue|publisher=The New Yorker|date=29 September 1986}}</ref>. In 1985 she pleaded guilty to attempted murder and assault for her role in the [[1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack]].<ref name="Kahn41"/> She was sentenced to 20 years in federal prison and [[paroled]] after 29 months. Sheela later moved to [[Switzerland]], where she married and purchased two nursing homes. In 1999 she was convicted by a Swiss court of "criminal acts preparatory to the commission of murder" in relation to a plot to kill US federal prosecutor [[Charles_H._Turner_(attorney)|Charles Turner]] in 1985. |
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==Early life and education== |
==Early life and education== |
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Revision as of 03:48, 9 April 2018
Ma Anand Sheela | |
|---|---|
| Born | Sheela Ambalal Patel 28 December 1949 |
| Nationality | India, United States, Switzerland |
| Other names | Sheela Silverman, Sheela Birnstiel |
| Occupation(s) | Spokesperson, senior care[1] |
| Known for | 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack |
| Criminal status | sentence served |
| Criminal charge | Attempted Murder Second-degree assault Illegal wire-tapping Arson Immigration fraud |
| Penalty | 20 years' prison |
Ma Anand Sheela (Template:Lang-gu; born 28 December 1949 as Sheela Ambalal Patel in India, also known as Sheela Birnstiel)[2] is an author and the proprietor in Switzerland of two government-licensed homes ("Wohngemeinschaften") for mentally and physically handicapped people[3]. As the personal secretary of Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, the spiritual leader of the Rajneesh movement, from 1981 through 1985, she managed the Rajneeshpuram ashram in Wasco County, Oregon, United States[4]. In 1985 she pleaded guilty to attempted murder and assault for her role in the 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack.[5] She was sentenced to 20 years in federal prison and paroled after 29 months. Sheela later moved to Switzerland, where she married and purchased two nursing homes. In 1999 she was convicted by a Swiss court of "criminal acts preparatory to the commission of murder" in relation to a plot to kill US federal prosecutor Charles Turner in 1985.
Early life and education
Sheela was born Sheela Ambalal Patel in 1949 at Baroda, in the Indian state of Gujarat, the youngest of six children of the Gujarati couple Ambalal and Maniben Patel.[2] At age 18 she moved to the United States and attended Montclair State College in New Jersey.[6][7]
Adult life
Sheela married Marc Harris Silverman, an American native of Highland Park, Illinois[8][9] and took the name Sheela P. Silverman.[10] She moved to India in 1972 to pursue spiritual studies with her husband. They became disciples of the Indian guru Rajneesh and Sheela took the name Ma Anand Sheela.[2][11] After her husband died, Sheela married a fellow Rajneesh follower, John Shelfer.[11]
Career
In 1981 Sheela became Rajneesh's personal assistant and convinced him to leave India and establish an ashram in the United States.[12][13] In July 1981, Sheela purchased the 64,000-acre (260 km2) Big Muddy Ranch in Wasco County, Oregon, which became the site for the development of the Rajneeshpuram commune.[12][14] She became president of Rajneesh Foundation International,[12] managed the commune and met daily with Rajneesh to discuss business matters.[12][15][16] According to Sheela, Rajneesh was complicit in and directed her involvement in criminal acts she later committed.[17]
When asked by a reporter for Australia's 60 Minutes about local objections to Rajneesh's expansion into Western Australia, Sheela replied, "What I can say? Tough titties".[18][19][20] In interviews for US television Sheela referred to local government officials as "bigoted pigs" and "fascists"[14][21][22] causing one reporter to describe her as having an "acid tongue".[21][23]
Crimes
By 1984 the ashram was coming into increasing conflict with local residents and the county commission (Wasco County Court).[24] Sheela attempted to influence the Wasco County Court's November election and capture the two open seats[25][26] by busing in hundreds of homeless people from within Oregon as well as outside, and registering them as county voters.[12] Later, when that effort failed,[27][28] Sheela conspired, in 1984, to use "bacteria and other methods to make people ill" and prevent them from voting.[29][30] As a result, the salad bars at ten local restaurants were infected with salmonella and about 750 people became ill.[5][25][31][32]
On September 13, 1985, Sheela fled to Europe.[14][33] A few days later Rajneesh "accused her of arson, wiretapping, attempted murder, and mass poisonings."[14] He also asserted that Sheela had written the Book of Rajneeshism and published it under his name.[34] Subsequently Sheela's robes and 5,000 copies of the Book of Rajneeshism were burned in a bonfire at the ashram.[34]
After US authorities found wire-tapping networks and a bioterror lab in Sheela's Oregon house[14] she was arrested in West Germany in October 1986. Sheela was extradited to the US in February on charges of immigration fraud[35] and attempted murder.[31][36] The Oregon Attorney General prosecuted for crimes related to the poisoning of Commissioner Matthew and Judge Hulse[37] while the US Attorney prosecuted crimes related to the restaurant poisonings.[37] Sheela pleaded guilty on 22 July 1985 to first-degree assault and conspiracy/assault against Judge Hulse [37] and later to second-degree assault and conspiracy/assault against Commissioner Matthew.[37] Sheela pleaded guilty to setting fire to a county office and wire-tapping at the commune. For these crimes Sheela was sentenced to three 20-year terms in federal prison,[38] to be served concurrently. In addition she was fined $470,000.[31][37][39]
Sheela was sent to the Federal Correctional Institution in Dublin, California prison for female criminals.[39] While there she announced plans to make a "controversial documentary" about her life.[40] In December 1988, she was released on good behavior after serving twenty-nine months of her 20-year sentence and moved to Switzerland.[1][41][42]
In 2018, a documentary, Wild Wild Country, was released that includes interviews with Ma Anand Sheela.
Later life
Sheela married Swiss citizen Urs Birnstiel, a fellow Rajneesh follower.[43] She moved to Maisprach, Switzerland, where she bought and managed two nursing homes.[1][42]
In 1999 she was convicted by a Swiss court for "criminal acts preparatory to the commission of murder" in relation to a plot to kill US federal prosecutor Charles Turner in 1985. The Swiss government refused to extradite her to the US but agreed to try her in Switzerland. She was found guilty of the equivalent Swiss charge and was sentenced to time served.[44]
In 2008 Sheela collaborated with David Woodard and Christian Kracht on an art exhibition at the Zürich Cabaret Voltaire, birthplace of the Dada movement.[45][46]
Citations
- ^ a b c Senior, Jeanie; Dave Hogan (January 22, 2000). "Indian guru follower Anand Sheela arrested after German TV show: Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh's former spokeswoman is freed because a Swiss court already convicted her in 1999". The Oregonian.
- ^ a b c "Sheela uses words as weapons in bid to serve Rajneesh (part 8 of 20)". The Oregonian. Oregon Live. July 7, 1985. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
- ^ http://www.matrusaden.ch/
- ^ FitzGerald, Frances (September 29, 1986). "Il-Rajneeshpuram". No. September 29, 1986 Issue. The New Yorker. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- ^ a b Kahn 2009, p. 41.
- ^ Geist, William E. (September 16, 1981). "Cult in castle troubling Montclair". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
- ^ Clark, Taylor (December 16, 2007). "The Red Menace". Willamette Week. Portland, Oregon: City of Roses Newspapers. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Carter 1990, p. 47.
- ^ Petacque, Art (January 20, 1986). "Local lawyers help reel in cult fugitive". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago Sun-Times, Inc. p. 16.
- ^ McCann 2006, p. 152.
- ^ a b Carter 1990, p. 277.
- ^ a b c d e Carus 2002, p. 51.
- ^ Tucker 2000, p. 116.
- ^ a b c d e Oregon Historical Society, 2002
- ^ Tucker 2000, p. 119.
- ^ McCann 2006, p. 153.
- ^ Wellman 2007, p. 171.
- ^ Bhutia, Lhendup G. (February 9, 2013). "An Affair to Remember". OPEN (Indian magazine). Retrieved April 29, 2015.
- ^ "Blinded". The Canberra Times. Fairfax Media. p. 8 (Section A).
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help) - ^ Granath, Natasha (October 20, 2005). "Orange princess has aged but not mellowed". The West Australian.
- ^ a b Coster, P. (May 10, 1985). "A Pistol-Packin' Sheela with a Tongue to Match". The Courier-Mail.
- ^ "Street People Deny Political Role". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. September 19, 1984. p. A28.
- ^ Turner, G. (May 10, 1985). "Bhagwan Hits out as Commune Chiefs Flee". The Courier-Mail.
- ^ Carter 1990, pp. 124, 165, 195, 237.
- ^ a b Carus 2002, p. 52.
- ^ Tucker 2000, p. 123.
- ^ Carter 1990, p. 195.
- ^ McCann 2006, p. 154.
- ^ Carus 2002, p. 53.
- ^ McIsaac 2006, p. 25.
- ^ a b c Reed, Christopher (July 24, 1986). "Sect women gaoled for attempt to kill doctor: Former aide to Indian guru Rajneesh jailed in US for poisoning". The Guardian.
- ^ Goldwag 2009, p. 44.
- ^ McPheters, p. 152.
- ^ a b Collins 2002, p. 118.
- ^ Kushner 2002, p. 307
- ^ "Judge Refuses Bail For Guru's Ex-Secretary". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. February 15, 1986. p. 6 (Section 1).
- ^ a b c d e Tucker 2000, p. 136.
- ^ McIsaac 2006, p. 26.
- ^ a b Miller 2002, p. 32.
- ^ Dennis, Anthony (June 20, 1988). "Colourful Cult Ambitions". Sydney Morning Herald. p. 28.
- ^ Carter 1990, p. 237.
- ^ a b Miller 2002, p. 337.
- ^ "Rajneeshee Prosecutions". The Oregonian. Oregon Live. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
- ^ Senior, Jeanie (January 22, 2000). "Indian guru follower Anand Sheela arrested after German TV show". The Oregonian. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
- ^ Cabaret Voltaire, Dreamachine: David Woodard, Sheela Birnstiel, Christian Kracht, May 2 - Aug. 24, 2008.
- ^ Paunić, N., Cabaret Voltaire Securing its Future, Widewalls, Feb. 2016.
Bibliography
References
- Carter, Lewis F. (1990). Charisma and Control in Rajneeshpuram. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38554-7.
- Carus, W. Seth (2002). Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900. Fredonia Books. ISBN 1-4101-0023-5.
- Collins, Catherine Ann (1992), "Chapter Nine: Ma Anand Sheela: Media Power through Radical Discourse", in King, Andrew (ed.), Postmodern Political Communication: The Fringe Challenges the Center, Praeger Publishers, pp. 115–131, ISBN 0-275-93840-9
- Goldwag, Arthur (2009). Cults, Conspiracies, and Secret Societies. Vintage. ISBN 0-307-39067-5.
- Kahn, Laura (2009). Who's in Charge?: Leadership during Epidemics, Bioterror Attacks, and Other Public Health Crises. Praeger. ISBN 0-275-99485-6.
- Kushner, Harvey W. (2002). Encyclopedia of Terrorism. SAGE Publications. ISBN 978-0-7619-2408-1.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|authorn-link=(help) - Lacquer, Walter (2000). The New Terrorism: Fanaticism and the Arms of Mass Destruction. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-514064-8.
- Lalich, Janja (2004). Bounded Choice: True Believers and Charismatic Cults. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-24018-9.
- Lax, Alistair J. (2005). Toxin: The Cunning of Bacterial Poisons. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0-19-860558-7.
- McCann, Joseph T. (2006). Terrorism on American Soil: A Concise History of Plots and Perpetrators from the Famous to the Forgotten. Sentient Publications. ISBN 1-59181-049-3.
- McIsaac, Joseph H. (2006). Hospital Preparation for Bioterror: A Medical and Biomedical Systems Approach. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-088440-2.
- McPheters, Mike (2009). "The Rajneesh Experiment". Agent Bishop. Cedar Fort. pp. 142–156. ISBN 1-59955-317-1.
- Miller, Judith; Stephen Engelberg; William J. Broad (2002). Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-87159-9.
- Mullan, Von Bob (1983). Life as laughter: following Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7102-0043-3.
- Oregon Historical Society (2002). "Ma Anand Sheela (b. 1950)". The Oregon History Project. www.ohs.org. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
- Tucker, Jonathan B. (2000). Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons. The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-70071-9.
- Wellman, James K. (2007). Belief and Bloodshed: Religion and Violence across Time and Tradition. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7425-5824-3.
Further reading
- Collins, Catherine Ann (1992), "Chapter Nine: Ma Anand Sheela: Media Power through Radical Discourse", in King, Andrew (ed.), Postmodern Political Communication: The Fringe Challenges the Center, Praeger Publishers, pp. 115–131, ISBN 0-275-93840-9
- The Oregonian staff (December 14, 1988). "Sheela: A Chronology". The Oregonian. Oregonian Publishing Co. p. E06.
- O'Brien, Paula (2008) The Rajneesh sannyasin community in Fremantle Master's degree thesis at Murdoch University
See also
External links
Media from Commons
Quotations from Wikiquote
Texts from Wikisource
- Video on the history of Rajneeshpuram on YouTube
- Where is Ma Anand Sheela now? Osho's right-hand woman reveals why she left 'Rajneeshpuram'
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