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This is a list of molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium as of 2005. These molecules were detected by examining the spectra of interstellar clouds, proto-planetary disks, or cool stellar atmospheres.

Diatomic

Molecule	Designation
AlF	Aluminum monofluoride
AlCl	Aluminum monochloride
C₂	Carbon dimer
CN	Cyanogen radical
CO	Carbon monoxide
CO⁺	Carbon monoxide cation
CP	Carbon monophosphide
CS	Carbon monosulfide
H₂	Molecular hydrogen
HC	Methylidyne radical
HC⁺	Methylidyne cation
HCl	Hydrogen chloride
HF	Hydrogen fluoride
HN	Nitrogen monohydride
HO	Hydroxyl radical
HS	Sulfur hydride
KCl	Potassium chloride
N₂	Molecular nitrogen (2004)
NO	Nitrogen monoxide
NS	Nitrogen sulfide
NaCl	Sodium chloride
PN	Phosphorus nitride
SO	Sulfur monoxide
SO⁺	Sulfur monoxide cation
SiC	Carborundum
SiN	Silicon mononitride
SiO	Silicon monoxide
SiS	Silicon monosulfide

Triatomic

Molecule	Designation
AlNC	Aluminum isocyanide
C₃	Carbon Trimer
C₂O	Dicarbon monoxide
C₂S	Dicarbon monosulfide
CO₂	Carbon dioxide
COS	Carbonyl sulfide
H₃⁺	Protonated molecular hydrogen
H₂C	Methylene
H₂O	Water
H₂S	Hydrogen sulfide
HC₂	Ethynyl radical
HCN	Hydrogen cyanide
HCO	Formyl radical
HCO⁺	Formyl cation
HCS⁺	Thioformyl cation
HDO	Monodeuterated water
H₂N	Amino radical
HNC	Hydrogen isocyanide
HN₂⁺	Diazenylium
HNO	Nitrosyl hydride
HOC⁺	Hydroxymethylidynium
MgCN	Magnesium cyanide
MgNC	Magnesium isocyanide
N₂O	Nitrous oxide
NaCN	Sodium cyanide
SO₂	Sulfur dioxide
c-SiC₂	c-Silicon dicarbide
SiCN

Four atoms

Molecule	Designation
C₃O	Tricarbon monoxide
C₃S	Tricarbon sulfide
C₂CN	Cyanoethynyl
H₃N	Ammonia
H₃O⁺	Hydronium ion
H₂C₂	Acetylene
H₂CN⁺	Protonated hydrogen cyanide
H₂CN	Methylene imino radical
H₂CO	Formaldehyde
H₂CS	Thioformaldehyde
H₂DC⁺
c-HC₃	c-propynlidyne
l-HC₃	l-propynlidyne
HCCN
HCO₂⁺	Protonated carbon dioxide
HNCO	Isocyanic acid
HNCS	Isothiocyanic acid
SiC₃

Five atoms

Molecule	Designation
C₅
C₄N
c-H₂C₃	c-cyclopropenylidene
l-H₂C₃	l-cyclopropenylidene
H₂CCN	Cyanomethyl
H₂C₂O	Ketene
H₂CNH	Methylenimine
H₂CHC
H₂COH⁺	Protonated formaldehyde
H₂NCN	Hydrogen cyanamide
HC₄	Butadiynyl
HC₃NC
HC₂CN	Cyanoacetylene
HCOOH	Formic acid
SiC₄
SiH₄	Silane

Six atoms

Molecule	Designation
H₄C₂	Ethylene
H₃CCN	Acetonitrile
H₃CNC	Methyl isonitrile
H₃COH	Methanol
H₃CSH	Methanethiol
l-H₂C₄
H₂C₂CN⁺	Protonated cyanoacetylene
H₂NCHO	Formamide
HC₅	Pentynylidyne
HC₂CHO	Propynal
HC₄N

Seven atoms

Molecule	Designation
c-H₄C₂O	Ethylene oxide
H₃CC₂H	Propyne
H₃CNH₂	Methylamine
H₂CHCCN	Acrylonitrile
H₂CHCOH	Vinyl alcohol
HC₆	Hexatriynyl
HC₄CN	Cyanodiacetylene
HCOCH₃	Acetaldehyde

Eight atoms

Molecule	Designation
H₃CC₂CN	Methylcyanoacetylene
H₃CCOOH	Methyl formate
H₂C₆	Hexapentaenylidene
H₂CHC₂HO	Propenal
H₂COHCHO	Glycolaldehyde
HC₇

Nine atoms

Molecule	Designation
H₃CC₄H	Methyldiacetylene
(H₃C)₂O	Dimethyl Ether
H₃CH₂CCN	Propionitrile
H₃CCONH₂	Acetamide
H₃CH₂COH	Ethyl Alcohol
HC₈
HC₆CN	Cyanotriacetylene

Ten atoms

Molecule	Designation
(H₃C)₂CO	Acetone
H₃CH₂CCHO	Propanal
H₂NH₂CCOOH	Glycine (Controversial)

Eleven atoms

Molecule	Designation
HC₈CN	Cyanotetra-acetylene

Twelve atoms

Molecule	Designation
H₃COC₂H₅	trans-ethyl methyl ether
H₆C₆	Benzene

Thirteen atoms

Molecule	Designation
HC₁₀CN	Cyanodecapentayne

See also

External links

Interstellar and circumstellar molecules by David Woon
List of interstellar molecules by Andrew Markwick-Kemper
List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules from NASA's Cosmic Ice Lab
NRAO Interstellar and Circumstellar Molecules by Al Wootten
Observations of interstellar molecules by Albert Nummelin

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