List of the most intense tropical cyclones: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Strongest tropical cyclones2.png|right|300px|thumb|A collage of ten of the strongest tropical cyclones]] |
[[File:Strongest tropical cyclones2.png|right|300px|thumb|A collage of ten of the strongest tropical cyclones]] |
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Tropical |
Tropical Cyclone intensity is a complex topic. Winds are often used to measure intensity as they commonly cause notable impacts over large areas, and most popular [[tropical cyclone scales]] are organized around sustained wind speeds. However, variations in the averaging period of winds in different basins make inter-comparison difficult. In addition, other impacts like rainfall, storm surge, area of wind damages, and tornadoes can vary significantly in storms with similar wind speeds. Pressure is often used to compare tropical cyclones because the measurements are easier to measure and are consistent. Tropical cyclones can attain some of the lowest pressures over large areas on Earth. However, although there is a strong connection between lowered pressures and higher wind speeds, storms with the lowest pressures may not have the highest wind speeds, as each storm's relationship between wind and pressure is slightly different.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kossin|first1=James|title=Hurricane Wind–Pressure Relationship and Eyewall Replacement Cycles|journal=Weather and Forecasting|date=February 2015|pages=177-181|url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1175%2FWAF-D-14-00121.1|doi=10.1175/WAF-D-14-00121.1|bibcode=2015WtFor..30..177K}}</ref> |
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In the most recent and reliable records, most tropical cyclones which attained a pressure of 900 [[pascal (unit)|hPa]] ([[bar (unit)|mbar]]) (26.56 [[inch of mercury|inHg]]) or less occurred in the Western North [[Pacific Ocean]]. The strongest [[tropical cyclone]] recorded worldwide, as measured by minimum central [[pressure]], was [[Typhoon Tip]], which reached a pressure of 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) on October 12, 1979.<ref name="jtwc">{{cite journal|volume=108|issue=11|pages=1915–1923|author=Dunnavan, George M|author2=Diercks, John W|date=November 1, 1980|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2|journal=Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=February 24, 2013|url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281980%29108%3C1915%3AAAOSTT%3E2.0.CO%3B2|title=An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979)|bibcode = 1980MWRv..108.1915D }}</ref> The following list is subdivided by [[Tropical cyclone basins|basins]]. Data listed are provided by the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]], unless otherwise noted. On October 23, 2015, [[Hurricane Patricia]] attained the strongest 1-minute sustained winds on record at 215 mph (345 km/h).<ref>Patricia, the strongest hurricane ever recorded, makes landfall in Mexico. http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/23/americas/hurricane-patricia/</ref> |
In the most recent and reliable records, most tropical cyclones which attained a pressure of 900 [[pascal (unit)|hPa]] ([[bar (unit)|mbar]]) (26.56 [[inch of mercury|inHg]]) or less occurred in the Western North [[Pacific Ocean]]. The strongest [[tropical cyclone]] recorded worldwide, as measured by minimum central [[pressure]], was [[Typhoon Tip]], which reached a pressure of 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) on October 12, 1979.<ref name="jtwc">{{cite journal|volume=108|issue=11|pages=1915–1923|author=Dunnavan, George M|author2=Diercks, John W|date=November 1, 1980|doi=10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2|journal=Monthly Weather Review|accessdate=February 24, 2013|url=http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0493%281980%29108%3C1915%3AAAOSTT%3E2.0.CO%3B2|title=An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979)|bibcode = 1980MWRv..108.1915D }}</ref> The following list is subdivided by [[Tropical cyclone basins|basins]]. Data listed are provided by the official [[Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre]], unless otherwise noted. On October 23, 2015, [[Hurricane Patricia]] attained the strongest 1-minute sustained winds on record at 215 mph (345 km/h).<ref>Patricia, the strongest hurricane ever recorded, makes landfall in Mexico. http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/23/americas/hurricane-patricia/</ref> |
Revision as of 18:01, 1 August 2018
Tropical Cyclone intensity is a complex topic. Winds are often used to measure intensity as they commonly cause notable impacts over large areas, and most popular tropical cyclone scales are organized around sustained wind speeds. However, variations in the averaging period of winds in different basins make inter-comparison difficult. In addition, other impacts like rainfall, storm surge, area of wind damages, and tornadoes can vary significantly in storms with similar wind speeds. Pressure is often used to compare tropical cyclones because the measurements are easier to measure and are consistent. Tropical cyclones can attain some of the lowest pressures over large areas on Earth. However, although there is a strong connection between lowered pressures and higher wind speeds, storms with the lowest pressures may not have the highest wind speeds, as each storm's relationship between wind and pressure is slightly different.[1]
In the most recent and reliable records, most tropical cyclones which attained a pressure of 900 hPa (mbar) (26.56 inHg) or less occurred in the Western North Pacific Ocean. The strongest tropical cyclone recorded worldwide, as measured by minimum central pressure, was Typhoon Tip, which reached a pressure of 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) on October 12, 1979.[2] The following list is subdivided by basins. Data listed are provided by the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre, unless otherwise noted. On October 23, 2015, Hurricane Patricia attained the strongest 1-minute sustained winds on record at 215 mph (345 km/h).[3]
The most intense storm in the North Atlantic by lowest pressure was Hurricane Wilma. The strongest storm by 1-minute sustained winds was Hurricane Allen.
Storms which reached a minimum central pressure of 920 hectopascals (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information has been compiled back to 1851, though measurements were rarer until aircraft reconnaissance started in the 1940s, and inexact estimates were still predominant until dropsondes were implemented in the 1970s. [4]
Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 1-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|
"Cuba" | 1924 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
"Cuba" | 1932 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
"Labor Day" | 1935 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 892 hPa (26.34 inHg) | |
Janet | 1955 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | |
Hattie | 1961 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Camille | 1969 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Allen | 1980 | 305 km/h (190 mph) | 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) | |
Gloria | 1985 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
Gilbert | 1988 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 888 hPa (26.22 inHg) | |
Hugo | 1989 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
Opal | 1995 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
Mitch | 1998 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
Isabel | 2003 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Ivan | 2004 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
Katrina | 2005 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
Rita | 2005 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Wilma | 2005 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) | |
Dean | 2007 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | |
Irma | 2017 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg) | |
Maria | 2017 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 908 hPa (26.81 inHg) | |
Source: Atlantic Hurricane Best Track File 1851–2023 (NHC) [5] |
The most intense storm in the Eastern Pacific Ocean by both sustained winds and central pressure was Hurricane Patricia. Its sustained winds of 345 km/h (215 mph) are also the highest on record globally.
Storms with a minimum central pressure of 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1949, and most storms since are only estimated because landfall (and related reconnaissance) are less common in this basin.[6]
Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 1-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ava | 1973 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Annette | 1976 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | |
Trudy | 1990 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 924 hPa (27.29 inHg) | |
Gilma | 1994 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Olivia | 1994 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 923 hPa (27.26 inHg) | |
Guillermo | 1997 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
Linda | 1997 | 295 km/h (185 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
Juliette | 2001 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 923 hPa (27.26 inHg) | |
Elida | 2002 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
Hernan | 2002 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
Kenna | 2002 | 270 km/h (165 mph) | 913 hPa (26.96 inHg) | |
Ioke | 2006 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Rick | 2009 | 285 km/h (180 mph) | 906 hPa (26.75 inHg) | |
Celia | 2010 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 921 hPa (27.20 inHg) | |
Marie | 2014 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
Odile | 2014 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
Patricia | 2015 | 345 km/h (215 mph) | 872 hPa (25.75 inHg) | |
Source: East Pacific Hurricane Best Track File 1949–2023 (NHC) [7] |
The most intense storm by lowest pressure and peak 10-minute sustained winds was Typhoon Tip, which was also the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded.
Storms with a minimum pressure of 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1950.[6]
Cyclone | Year | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Unnamed | 1927 | Not Specified | 887 hPa (26.19 inHg)[8] | |
Clara | 1950 | Not Specified | 899 hPa (26.55 inHg) | |
Marge | 1951 | Not Specified | 886 hPa (26.16 inHg) | |
Nina | 1953 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
Tess | 1953 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Ida | 1954 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Pamela | 1954 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Virginia | 1957 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Lola | 1957 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Ida | 1958 | Not Specified | 877 hPa (25.90 inHg) | |
Vera | 1959 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Joan | 1959 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
Nancy | 1961 | Not Specified | 882 hPa (26.05 inHg) | |
Violet | 1961 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Opal | 1962 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Emma | 1962 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Karen | 1962 | Not Specified | 894 hPa (26.40 inHg) | |
Sally | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Wilda | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Opal | 1964 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Bess | 1965 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Kit | 1966 | Not Specified | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
Carla | 1967 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Agnes | 1968 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Elsie | 1969 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Viola | 1969 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Hope | 1970 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Amy | 1971 | Not Specified | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Nadine | 1971 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Irma | 1971 | Not Specified | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
Patsy | 1973 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Nora | 1973 | Not Specified | 877 hPa (25.90 inHg) | |
Nina | 1975 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Elsie | 1975 | Not Specified | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
June | 1975 | Not Specified | 875 hPa (25.84 inHg) | |
Louise | 1976 | Not Specified | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Rita | 1978 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
Hope | 1979 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Tip | 1979 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 870 hPa (25.69 inHg) | |
Wynne | 1980 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Elsie | 1981 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Bess | 1982 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Mac | 1982 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Abby | 1983 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Forrest | 1983 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
Marge | 1983 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Vanessa | 1984 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 880 hPa (25.99 inHg) | |
Dot | 1985 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Peggy | 1986 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Betty | 1987 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Holly | 1987 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Flo | 1990 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Ruth | 1991 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Yuri | 1991 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Gay | 1992 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Zeb | 1998 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Megi | 2010 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 885 hPa (26.13 inHg) | |
Sanba | 2012 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Haiyan | 2013 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | |
Vongfong | 2014 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Soudelor | 2015 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Nepartak | 2016 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Meranti | 2016 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Haima | 2016 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Source: Western North Pacific Typhoon Best Track File 1951–2023 (JMA) [9] |
The strongest tropical cyclone recorded in the North Indian Ocean is the 1999 Odisha cyclone, with 3-minute sustained winds of 260 km/h (160 mph) and a minimum pressure of 912 hPa (26.93 inHg).
Storms with an intensity of 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1971.[6]
Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 3-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Two | 1963 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 947 hPa (27.96 inHg) | |
Three | 1963 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
1977 Andhra Pradesh | 1977 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 919 hPa (27.14 inHg) | |
Gay | 1989 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 930 hPa (27.46 inHg) | |
1990 Andhra Pradesh | 1990 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
1991 Bangladesh | 1991 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 918 hPa (27.11 inHg) | |
1994 BOB 02 | 1994 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | |
1999 Pakistan | 1999 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) | |
"Paradip" | 1999 | 260 km/h (160 mph) | 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) | |
2001 India | 2001 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 932 hPa (27.52 inHg) | |
Gonu | 2007 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Sidr | 2007 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 944 hPa (27.88 inHg) | |
Giri | 2010 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | |
Phailin | 2013 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | |
Hudhud | 2014 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | |
Nilofar | 2014 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | |
Chapala | 2015 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | |
Source: Tropical Cyclone Best Track Information for the North Indian Ocean 1990–2023 (IMD)[10] |
The most intense tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean is Cyclone Gafilo. By 10-minute sustained wind speed, the strongest tropical cyclone in the South-West Indian Ocean is Cyclone Fantala.
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985.[6]
Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chris-Damia | 1981–82 | 210 km/h (130 mph) | 898 hPa (26.52 inHg) | [11] | |
Geralda | 1993–94 | 200 km/h (125 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [12] | |
Litanne | 1993–94 | 190 km/h (120 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [12] | |
Marlene | 1994–95 | 180 km/h (110 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [13] | |
Bonita | 1995–96 | 180 km/h (110 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [14] | |
Danielle | 1996–97 | 190 km/h (120 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [15] | |
Hudah | 1999–2000 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [16] | |
Dina | 2001–02 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [17] | |
Guillaume | 2001–02 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | [17] | |
Hary | 2001–02 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [17] | |
Kalunde | 2002–03 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | ||
Gafilo | 2003–04 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 895 hPa (26.43 inHg) | [18] | |
Adeline-Juliet | 2004–05 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 905 hPa (26.72 inHg) | [19] | |
Bento | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [20] | |
Carina | 2005–06 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | [21] | |
Hondo | 2007–08 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 906 hPa (26.75 inHg) | [22] | |
Edzani | 2009–10 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | [23] | |
Bruce | 2013–14 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | ||
Colin | 2013–14 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | ||
Hellen | 2013–14 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | ||
Bansi | 2014–15 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | ||
Eunice | 2014–15 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | ||
Fantala | 2015–16 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) |
The most intense tropical cyclones in the Australian Region are Cyclone Gwenda and Cyclone Inigo. By 10-minute sustained wind speed, the strongest are Cyclone Orson and Cyclone Monica.
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985.[6]
Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mahina | 1899 | Not Specified | 914 hPa (26.99 inHg)[nb 1][24] | |
Joan | 1975–76 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Amy | 1979–80 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Kathy | 1983–84 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
Orson | 1988–89 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 904 hPa (26.70 inHg) | |
Graham | 1991–92 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Rewa | 1993–94 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Theodore | 1993–94 | 200 km/h (125 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
Chloe | 1994–95 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Pancho-Helinda | 1996–97 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Thelma | 1998–99 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Vance | 1998–99 | 215 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
Frederic-Evrina | 1998–99 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Gwenda | 1998–99 | 220 km/h (140 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
John | 1999–2000 | 205 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Paul | 1999–2000 | 205 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Chris | 2001–02 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Inigo | 2002–03 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Fay | 2003–04 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
Floyd | 2005–06 | 195 km/h (120 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
Glenda | 2005–06 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
Monica | 2005–06 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 916 hPa (27.05 inHg) | |
George | 2006–07 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 902 hPa (26.64 inHg) | |
Marcus | 2017–18 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) | |
Source: Database of past tropical cyclone tracks (BOM)[25] |
A total of 16 cyclones are listed down below reaching/surpassing that intensity, which most of them occurred during El Niño seasons. Tropical cyclones that have been recorded since the start of the 1969–70 Tropical Cyclone year and have reached their peak intensity to the west of 160E are included in the list. The most intense tropical cyclone in the south Pacific, Cyclone Winston of 2016, is also the most intense storm in the Southern Hemisphere.
Storms with an intensity of 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) or less are listed. Storm information was less reliably documented and recorded before 1985.[6]
Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 10-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Oscar | 1982–83 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Hina | 1984–85 | 220 km/h (135 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | |
Fran | 1991–92 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Ron | 1997–98 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Susan | 1997–98 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Beni | 2002–03 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Dovi | 2002–03 | 205 km/h (125 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | |
Erica | 2002–03 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Zoe | 2002–03 | 240 km/h (150 mph) | 890 hPa (26.28 inHg) | |
Heta | 2003–04 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Meena | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Olaf | 2004–05 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Percy | 2004–05 | 230 km/h (145 mph) | 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) | |
Ului | 2009–10 | 215 km/h (130 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | |
Pam | 2014–15 | 250 km/h (155 mph) | 896 hPa (26.46 inHg) | |
Winston | 2015–16 | 280 km/h (175 mph) | 884 hPa (26.10 inHg) | |
Sources:[26] |
Until recently, it was not known that tropical cyclones could exist in the southern Atlantic. However, Hurricane Catarina in 2004, to date the only hurricane in the south Atlantic, brought additional review. A subsequent study found that there was an average of 1-2 subtropical or tropical cyclones per year in the Southern Atlantic in recent decades.[27] No official database of South Atlantic cyclones exists, but a partial list of tropical and subtropical systems with intensity below 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) is listed.
Cyclone | Season | Peak classification | Peak 1-min sustained winds |
Pressure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Catarina | 2004 | 155 km/h (100 mph) | 972 hPa (28.70 inHg) | |
Anita | 2010 | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) | |
Arani | 2011 | 85 km/h (50 mph) | 989 hPa (29.21 inHg) | |
Bapo | 2015 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | |
Cari | 2015 | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | |
Deni | 2016 | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | |
Eçaí | 2016 | 100 km/h (65 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | |
Guará | 2017 | 75 km/h (45 mph) | 996 hPa (29.40 inHg) |
See also
- Atlantic hurricane season
- List of wettest tropical cyclones
- Pacific hurricane season
- Pacific typhoon season
- North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone season
- Australian region tropical cyclone season
- South Pacific tropical cyclone season
- South Atlantic tropical cyclone
- Notable non-tropical pressures over the North Atlantic
Notes
- ^ May have been as low as 880 mbar.
References
- ^ Kossin, James (February 2015). "Hurricane Wind–Pressure Relationship and Eyewall Replacement Cycles". Weather and Forecasting: 177–181. Bibcode:2015WtFor..30..177K. doi:10.1175/WAF-D-14-00121.1.
- ^ Dunnavan, George M; Diercks, John W (November 1, 1980). "An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979)". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (11): 1915–1923. Bibcode:1980MWRv..108.1915D. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
- ^ Patricia, the strongest hurricane ever recorded, makes landfall in Mexico. http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/23/americas/hurricane-patricia/
- ^ http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/rpibook-final04.pdf
- ^ "Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)" (Database). United States National Hurricane Center. April 5, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2024. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d e f "ATCR report plan". www.usno.navy.mil. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
- ^ National Hurricane Center; Hurricane Research Division; Central Pacific Hurricane Center (April 26, 2024). "The Northeast and North Central Pacific hurricane database 1949–2023". United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service. Archived from the original on May 29, 2024. A guide on how to read the database is available here. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ C. L. Jordan (September 1959). "A Reported Sea Level Pressure of 877 MB" (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. 87: 365–366. Bibcode:1959MWRv...87..365J. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1959)087<0365:wnarsl>2.0.co;2. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
- ^ "Western North Pacific Typhoon best track file 1951–2023". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2010-01-13.
- ^ "IMD Best track data 1982-2022" (xls). India Meteorological Department. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
- ^ "Cyclone Damia Best track". Météo-France. 2001-05-16. Retrieved 2010-01-08.
- ^ a b La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1993–1994 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. pp. 42, 65. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1994–1995 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 67. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1995–1996 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. pp. 25, . Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1996–1997 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 33. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 1999–2000 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 72. ISBN 2-9511665-3-2. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ a b c La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2001–2002 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 4. ISBN 2-9511665-6-7. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. Cyclone Season 2003–2004 in the South-West Indian Ocean (in English and French). Météo France. p. 67. ISBN 2-9511665-8-3. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Adeline-Juliet". Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Intense Tropical Cyclone Bento". Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre. South-West Indian Ocean Cyclone Season 2005–2006 (in English and French). Météo France. p. 6. ISBN 2-9511665-9-1. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (November 27, 2009). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Hondo". Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ La Reunion Tropical Cyclone Centre (August 31, 2010). "Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Edzani". Météo France. Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Masters, Jeffrey. "World Storm Surge Records". Weather Underground. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- ^ "Australian Tropical Cyclone Database" (CSV). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 2023-06-30. Retrieved 2023-06-30. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
- ^ MetService (May 22, 2009). "TCWC Wellington Best Track Data 1967–2006". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Evans, Jenny L; Braun, Aviva J (2012). "A Climatology of Subtropical Cyclones in the South Atlantic". Journal of Climate. 25. American Meteorological Society: 7328–7340. Bibcode:2012JCli...25.7328E. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00212.1.
External links
- US National Hurricane Center – North Atlantic, Eastern Pacific
- Central Pacific Hurricane Center – Central Pacific
- Japan Meteorological Agency – North West Pacific
- India Meteorological Department – North Indian Ocean
- Météo-France – La Reunion – South-West Indian Ocean from 30°E to 90°E
- Fiji Meteorological Service – South Pacific west of 160°E, north of 25° S
- Indonesian Meteorological Department – South Indian Ocean from 90°E to 125°E, north of 10°S
- Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane). – South Indian Ocean & South Pacific Ocean from 90°E to 160°E, south of 10°S
- Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited – South Pacific west of 160°E, south of 25°S