Chris Messina (open-source advocate)

Chris Messina
Chris Messina in March 2016
Born	Christopher Reaves Messina (1981-01-07) January 7, 1981 Bedford, New Hampshire
Nationality	American
Alma mater	Carnegie Mellon University
Known for	Inventing the Hashtag
Website	http://chrismessina.me/

Christopher Reaves Messina (born January 7, 1981) is the inventor of the hashtag as it is currently used on social media platforms. In a 2007 tweet Messina proposed vertical/associational grouping of messages, trends, and events on Twitter by the means of hashtags. Simply put the hashtag was to be a type of metadata tag that allowed users to apply dynamic, user-generated tagging which made it possible for others to easily find messages with a specific theme or content; it allowed easy, informal markup of folk taxonomy without need of any formal taxonomy or markup language. Hashtags have since been referred to as the "eavesdroppers", "wormholes", "time-machines", and "veins" of the internet.

How do you feel about using # (pound) for groups. As in #barcamp [msg]?

— Chris Messina's original Tweet proposing hashtag usage, August 23, 2007

Although Twitter's initial response to Messina's proposed use of hashtags was negative "these things are for nerds" a series of events, including the devastating fire in San Diego County later that year, saw the first widespread use of #sandiegofire to allow users to easily track updates about the fire. The use of hashtags itself then eventually spread like wild-fire on Twitter, and by the end of the decade could be seen in most emerging as well as established social media platforms including Instagram, Facebook, Reddit, and YouTube. So much so that Instagram had to officially place a "30 hashtags" limit on its posts to prevent people from abusing the use of hashtags. A limit which Instagrammers eventually circumvented by posting hashtags in the comments section of their posts. As of 2018 more than 85% of the top 50 websites by traffic on the Internet use hashtags and their use is highly common with millennials, Gen Z, politicians, influencers, and celebrities worldwide.

Messina subsequently went on to become the Developer Experience Lead at Uber from 2016 to 2017. And as of 2018 ranks as the No. 1 hunter on ProductHunt.com. He is a technology evangelist who is an advocate for open source, open standards, microformats, and OAuth. Messina is also known for his involvement in helping to create the BarCamp, Spread Firefox, and coworking movements.

Career

Messina was employed as an Open Source Advocate at identity company Vidoop and before that was the co-founder of marketing agency Citizen Agency. He worked at Google as an Open Web Advocate, leaving to join startup NeonMob. He graduated from Carnegie Mellon University in 2003 with a BA in Communication Design. From 2016 to January 2017, Messina lead the Developer Experience team at Uber where he enforced the terms and conditions of Uber's proprietary APIs.

Messina co-founded Citizen Agency, a company which describes itself as "Internet consultancy that specializes in developing community-centric strategies around product research, design, development and marketing" with Tara Hunt and Ben Metcalfe, who has since left the company.

Messina was an advocate of open-source, most notably Firefox and Flock. As a volunteer for the Spread Firefox campaign, he designed the 2004 Firefox advert which appeared in The New York Times on December 16, 2004. In 2008, he won a Google-O'Reilly Open Source Award for Best Community Amplifier for BarCamp, Microformats and Spread Firefox.

In February 2018, Messina launched Molly, an AMA-style website where the questions are answered using the person's social media posts.

Inventing the Hashtag

"I had no interest in making money (directly) off hashtags. They are born of the Internet, and should be owned by no one. The value and satisfaction I derive from seeing my funny little hack used as widely as it is today is valuable enough for me to be relieved that I had the foresight not to try to lock down this stupidly simple but effective idea."

— Chris Messina. Explaining why he didn't patent the hashtag, https://www.quora.com/Twitter-Hashtags-1/Why-didnt-the-creator-of-the-hashtag-patent-the-concept/answer/Chris-Messina

Social campaigns have begun to be titled in a hashtag form.

The International Telecommunication Union approved in November 1988 a recommendation that put the hash sign on the right side of the 0 in the button arrangement for push buttons on telephones. This same arrangement is still used today in most software phones (see Android dialer for example). The ITU recommendation had 2 design options for the hash: a European version where the hash sign was built with a 90 degree angle and a North American version with an 80 degree angle. The North American version seems to have prevailed as most hash signs in Europe now follow the 80 degree inclination.

The pound sign was adopted for use within IRC networks circa 1988 to label groups and topics. Channels or topics that are available across an entire IRC network are prefixed with a hash symbol (as opposed to those local to a server, which use an ampersand).

The use of the pound sign in IRC inspired Chris Messina to propose a similar system to be used on Twitter to tag topics of interest on the microblogging network. He posted the first hashtag on Twitter. Messina’s suggestion to use the hashtag was not adopted by Twitter, but the practice took off after hashtags were widely used in tweets relating to the 2007 San Diego forest fires in Southern California. According to Messina, he suggested use of the hashtag to make it easy for "lay" users to search for content and find specific relevant updates; they were for people who do not have the technological knowledge to navigate the site. Therefore, the hashtag "was created organically by Twitter users as a way to categorize messages."  Today they are for anyone, either with or without technical knowledge, to easily impose enough annotation to be useful without needing a more formal system or adhering to many technical details.

Internationally, the hashtag became a practice of writing style for Twitter posts during the 2009–2010 Iranian election protests; Twitter users inside and outside Iran used both English- and Persian-language hashtags in communications during the events. The first published use of the term "hash tag" was in a blog post by Stowe Boyd, "Hash Tags = Twitter Groupings," on August 26, 2007, according to lexicographer Ben Zimmer, chair of the American Dialect Society's New Words Committee.

Both the #MeToo and #FreeTheNipple movements use hashtags in their title

Beginning July 2, 2009, Twitter began to hyperlink all hashtags in tweets to Twitter search results for the hashtagged word (and for the standard spelling of commonly misspelled words). In 2010, Twitter introduced "Trending Topics" on the Twitter front page, displaying hashtags that are rapidly becoming popular. Twitter has an algorithm to tackle attempts to spam the trending list and ensure that hashtags trend naturally.

Although the hashtag started out most popularly on Twitter as the main social media platform for this use, the use has extended to other social media sites including Instagram, Facebook, Flickr, Tumblr, and Google+.

Press

Messina was featured with Hunt, also his ex-girlfriend, in "So Open it Hurts", in San Francisco Magazine (August 2008). The article detailed their very public and open relationship shared on the internet, and the lessons they derived from that experience.

List of Talks

Messina at SXSW in 2010

Year
2014	Mozilla Paris: Designing Scarcity in an Infinite World. Mozilla. Paris, FR
	Edge Conference. Security & Identity. Panelist
2010	SXSW "ActivityStrea.ms: Is It Getting Streamy In Here?", Austin, TX.
	Google DevFest Mexico City. Google y la Social Web.
	Northern Voice: The Future of the Social Web and How to Stop It. Vancouver, CA.
	PARC Forum: The Future of the Social Web and How to Stop It. Palo Alto, CA.
	Google I/O: The Open & Social Web. Video. San Francisco, CA
	Open Source Bridge.  Activity Streams, Socialism, & the Future of Open Source. Portland, OR.
	Cloud Identity Summit. Workshop: Implementing OpenID, OAuth & OAuth/WRAP for Consumer Identity.
	SocialDevCamp Chicago. Chicago, IL.
2009	Netflix: "Identity is the Platform." San Carlos, California.
	Unfinished Lecture Series, "Identity is the Platform" Toronto, Canada.
	"Identity is the Platform", St Petersburg, Russia.
	MindTrek, "Identity is the Platform"
	OSCON 2009. "The Open, Social Web Workshop" (with David Recordon & Joseph Smarr) and What's in a Name: Can Trademarks be Helpful to Free Software Projects?. San Jose, CA.
	Open Source Bridge. "Social network supermarkets and how to defeat them". Portland, OR.
	Open Web Vancouver. "Openness in the Era of the Social Web". Vancouver, BC.
	N2Y4 Mobile Challenge. "The Open, Social Web". San Jose, CA.
	WebVisions. Talk: New Assumptions for Designers of the Social Web (Slides). Panel: OpenID: The Panel Discussion. Portland, OR.
	twiist.be. The Open, Social Web. Slides. Leuven, Belgium.
	La Cantine impromptu talk. The DiSo Project. Video. Paris, France.
	Next Conference. Panel participant: Emerging Social Behaviours on the Web (video) and What's a Brand to do? Meeting the Needs of 21st Century Customers in the Age of the Social. Hamburg, Germany.
	Web 2.0 Expo. Implementing the Social Web (with David Recordon & Joseph Smarr). San Francisco, CA.
	Future of Web Apps. Workshop with David Recordon: "Implementing the Social Web with OpenID, OAuth, and All That Jazz". Miami, USA.
	DrupalCon. Our Identity Online. Washington, DC.
2008	Do it with Drupal. New Orleans, LA.
	Edge of the Web Conference. Closing keynote called Breeding Success through Openess. Perth, Australia.
	Web 3.0. Panelist 'From Web 2.0 to 3.0 - Tales from the Trenches.'
	Future of Web Apps London. Workshop with David Recordon: "Implementing the Social Web with OpenID, OAuth, and All That Jazz."
	Reboot 10. Talk 'Free to Migrate.'
	Graphing Social Patterns East. Panelist. 'Social Networks & the NEED for FEEDS.'
	Harvard Entrepreneurs Conference. Panelist. Marketing in a Web 2.0 World.
	Community 2.0. Moderator. "What Do These Points Really Mean? The Pros and Cons of Reputation Systems."
	Web 2.0 Open. Moderator. UI for Emerging Technology.
	Open Web Vancouver. Presentation on DiSo & the Open Web.
	SXSW. Building Portable Social Networks.
	SXSW. Rock'n' Rebirth: The Future of the Open Media Web Core Conversation with Rob Lord. Austin, TX.
	SXSW. Pinch hit for Emily Chang/Max Kiesler with Todd Seiling.
	SXSW. Pinch hit for Ev Williams on Liz Danzico's panel on Getting Unstuck: Going from Desktop to Mobile.

References

• SF Chronicle: The people who populate Web 2.0 – November 5, 2006
• IE 7 vs Firefox – Webpronews – October 19, 2006
• SF Tech Chronicles – July 7, 2006
• BBC Newsnight, Internet Part II: Return of the geeks? – October 27, 2005
• SF Gate Technology Chronicles, Alan Saracevic, May 30, 2006
• SF Gate Technology Chronicles, Dan Fost, Ryan Kim, May 31, 2006
• Barring None, Geek Camp Rocks by Ryan Singel, Wired, August 22, 2005

External links

• Messina's personal website
• BarCamp Wiki