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| foundation = 1998
| foundation = 1998
| location = [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| location = [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| key_people = Keith Raniere (founder)<br/>Nancy Salzman (president)<br/>[[Allison Mack]]<br/>[[Clare Bronfman]] (funder)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2019/01/23/brooklyn-judge-finds-issues-with-nxivm-defense-fund/|title=Brooklyn judge finds ‘issues’ with Nxivm defense fund|work=nypost.com|first=Emily|last=Saul|date=January 23, 2019|accessdate=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
| key_people = [[Keith Raniere]] (founder)<br/>Nancy Salzman (president)<br/>[[Allison Mack]]<br/>[[Clare Bronfman]] (funder)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2019/01/23/brooklyn-judge-finds-issues-with-nxivm-defense-fund/|title=Brooklyn judge finds ‘issues’ with Nxivm defense fund|work=nypost.com|first=Emily|last=Saul|date=January 23, 2019|accessdate=January 24, 2019}}</ref>
| industry = [[Multi-level marketing]]; [[personal development]]
| industry = [[Multi-level marketing]]; [[personal development]]
| products = Seminars
| products = Seminars
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'''NXIVM''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɛ|k|s|i|ə|m}} {{respell|NEKS|ee|əm}}) is an [[United States|American]] [[multi-level marketing]] company<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/4/25/17275930/allison-mack-smallville-actress-sex-cult-nxivm-dos-prison-arrest-sex-trafficking-keith-raniere|title=Seagram’s heiress arrested for role in controversial "sex cult"|first=Tara Isabella|last=Burton|date=25 April 2018|website=Vox}}</ref> based near [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York (state)|New York]] that offered personal and professional development [[seminar]]s through its "Executive Success Programs". The company has been described as a [[cult]] and a [[pyramid scheme]], and has also been alleged to be a recruiting platform for a secret society (variously called "DOS" or "The Vow") in which women were [[Human branding|branded]] and forced into [[sexual slavery]].
'''NXIVM''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɛ|k|s|i|ə|m}} {{respell|NEKS|ee|əm}}) is an [[United States|American]] [[multi-level marketing]] company<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vox.com/2018/4/25/17275930/allison-mack-smallville-actress-sex-cult-nxivm-dos-prison-arrest-sex-trafficking-keith-raniere|title=Seagram’s heiress arrested for role in controversial "sex cult"|first=Tara Isabella|last=Burton|date=25 April 2018|website=Vox}}</ref> based near [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York (state)|New York]] that offered personal and professional development [[seminar]]s through its "Executive Success Programs". The company has been described as a [[cult]] and a [[pyramid scheme]], and has also been alleged to be a recruiting platform for a secret society (variously called "DOS" or "The Vow") in which women were [[Human branding|branded]] and forced into [[sexual slavery]].


In early 2018, NXIVM founder Keith Raniere and his associate, actress [[Allison Mack]], were arrested and [[indictment|indicted]] on federal charges related to DOS, including [[sex trafficking]].<ref name="NBCNY20180326">{{cite web |work= nbcnewyork.com |url= https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Leader-of-Secret-Upstate-New-York-Group-Charged-with-Sex-Trafficking-477966643.html |title= Leader of NY Group Branded Women, Made Them Sex Slaves: Feds |date= March 26, 2018 |publisher= NBCUniversal Media, LLC| accessdate=April 21, 2018}}</ref> Others associated with NXIVM were also charged with federal crimes. As of April 2018, five people associated with NXIVM—Mack, NXIVM co-founder Nancy Salzman, Lauren Salzman, [[Seagram]] heiress [[Clare Bronfman]], and bookkeeper Kathy Russell—had pleaded guilty to various charges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-47996207 |title=Nxivm: Seagram heiress Clare Bronfman pleads guilty in 'sex cult' case|website=BBC News|author=|date= 20 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecut.com/2019/04/the-most-disturbing-details-from-the-nxivm-sex-cult-case.html |title=The Most Disturbing Details From the NXIVM Sex-Cult Case |website=The Cut|date=19 April 2019 |author=Amanda Arnold|accessdate= 20 April 2019}}</ref> Raniere's federal trial began on May 7, 2019.
In early 2018, NXIVM founder [[Keith Raniere]] and his associate, actress [[Allison Mack]], were arrested and [[indictment|indicted]] on federal charges related to DOS, including [[sex trafficking]].<ref name="NBCNY20180326">{{cite web |work= nbcnewyork.com |url= https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Leader-of-Secret-Upstate-New-York-Group-Charged-with-Sex-Trafficking-477966643.html |title= Leader of NY Group Branded Women, Made Them Sex Slaves: Feds |date= March 26, 2018 |publisher= NBCUniversal Media, LLC| accessdate=April 21, 2018}}</ref> Others associated with NXIVM were also charged with federal crimes. As of April 2018, five people associated with NXIVM—Mack, NXIVM co-founder Nancy Salzman, Lauren Salzman, [[Seagram]] heiress [[Clare Bronfman]], and bookkeeper Kathy Russell—had pleaded guilty to various charges.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-47996207 |title=Nxivm: Seagram heiress Clare Bronfman pleads guilty in 'sex cult' case|website=BBC News|author=|date= 20 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thecut.com/2019/04/the-most-disturbing-details-from-the-nxivm-sex-cult-case.html |title=The Most Disturbing Details From the NXIVM Sex-Cult Case |website=The Cut|date=19 April 2019 |author=Amanda Arnold|accessdate= 20 April 2019}}</ref> Raniere's federal trial began on May 7, 2019.


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 14:23, 3 June 2019

NXIVM Corporation
Company typePrivately held company
IndustryMulti-level marketing; personal development
Founded1998
FounderKeith Raniere
Nancy Salzman Edit this on Wikidata
HeadquartersAlbany, New York
Key people
Keith Raniere (founder)
Nancy Salzman (president)
Allison Mack
Clare Bronfman (funder)[1]
ProductsSeminars
WebsiteNXIVM.com (Archived)

NXIVM (/ˈnɛksiəm/ NEKS-ee-əm) is an American multi-level marketing company[2] based near Albany, New York that offered personal and professional development seminars through its "Executive Success Programs". The company has been described as a cult and a pyramid scheme, and has also been alleged to be a recruiting platform for a secret society (variously called "DOS" or "The Vow") in which women were branded and forced into sexual slavery.

In early 2018, NXIVM founder Keith Raniere and his associate, actress Allison Mack, were arrested and indicted on federal charges related to DOS, including sex trafficking.[3] Others associated with NXIVM were also charged with federal crimes. As of April 2018, five people associated with NXIVM—Mack, NXIVM co-founder Nancy Salzman, Lauren Salzman, Seagram heiress Clare Bronfman, and bookkeeper Kathy Russell—had pleaded guilty to various charges.[4][5] Raniere's federal trial began on May 7, 2019.

History

In 1998, Keith Raniere and Nancy Salzman founded NXIVM, a personal development company[6] offering "Executive Success Programs" (ESPs) and a range of techniques aimed at self-improvement.[7][8][9] Raniere claimed that the programs' "main emphasis is to have people experience more joy in their lives."[8] A prior business venture of Raniere's, Consumers Buyline,[10] was accused by the New York Attorney General of having been a pyramid scheme; Raniere signed a consent order in 1996 in which he denied any wrongdoing, but agreed to pay a $40,000 fine and to be permanently banned from "promoting, offering or granting participation in a chain distribution scheme".[11]

By 2003, some 3,700 people had taken part in ESP classes, reportedly including businesswoman Sheila Johnson; former Surgeon General Antonia Novello; Enron executive Stephen Cooper; and Ana Cristina Fox, daughter of former Mexican president Vicente Fox.[12] Other participants were later reported to include entrepreneur Richard Branson (who later denied having taken the classes[13][14]) and actresses Linda Evans, Grace Park, and Nicki Clyne.[15][10] In the early 2000s, Seagram heiresses Clare and Sara Bronfman, the daughters of Edgar Bronfman Sr., became attached to the organization.[10][9]

During NXIVM seminars, students were expected to call Raniere and Salzman "Vanguard" and "Prefect", respectively.[16][17][18] The Hollywood Reporter stated that Raniere "adopted the title 'Vanguard' from a favorite arcade game he had played as a child, in which the destruction of one's enemies increased one's own power."[19] Within the organization, the reasoning for the titles was that Raniere was the leader of a philosophical movement and Salzman was his first student.[9]

NXIVM's training is a trade secret, subject to non-disclosure agreements, but reportedly uses a technique the organization calls "rational inquiry" to facilitate personal and professional development. In 2003, NXIVM sued the Ross Institute, alleging copyright infringement for publishing excerpts of content from its manual in three critical articles commissioned by cult investigator Rick Alan Ross and posted on his website. Ross posted a psychiatrist's assessment of NXIVM's "secret" manual on his website – the report called the regimen "expensive brainwashing". The manual was obtained by Ross from former member Stephanie Franco, a co-defendant in the trial, who had signed a non-disclosure agreement not to divulge information from the manual to others. NXIVM filed suits in both New York and New Jersey, but both were later dismissed.[15][20]

In October 2003, Forbes published an article on NXIVM and Raniere.[12] Vanity Fair subsequently reported of the article: "People at NXIVM were stunned. Expecting a positive story, the top ranks had spoken to Forbes, including Raniere, Salzman, and Sara Bronfman. What upset them above all were Edgar Bronfman’s remarks. 'I think it’s a cult,' he told the magazine, going on to say that he was troubled about the 'emotional and financial' investment in NXIVM by his daughters, to whom he hadn’t spoken in months."[10] In 2006, Forbes published an article about the Bronfman sisters, stating that they had taken out a line of credit to loan NXIVM US$2 million, repayable through personal training sessions and phone consultations with Salzman.[21] Another Forbes article in 2010 discussed the failures of commodities and real estate deals by the Bronfmans made pursuant to Raniere's advice.[22]

After actress Kristin Kreuk became involved with NXIVM in 2006, Salzman and her daughter Lauren went to Vancouver, British Columbia to recruit Kreuk's Smallville co-star Allison Mack.[19] The younger Salzman (herself a junior NXIVM leader)[9] bonded with Mack and the latter became involved,[19] although Kreuk would subsequently leave NXIVM.[23] Mack became "an enthusiastic proselytizer" for NXIVM, persuading her parents to take courses, and, after wrapping production of Smallville in 2011, moved to Clifton Park, New York near NXIVM's home-base in Albany.[19] Early 2007 saw a string of financial contributions from NXIVM participants to Hillary Clinton's first presidential campaign, with over a dozen participants donating the maximum allowable figure of $2,300. The contributions totalled $29,900.[24]

In 2008, the Bronfman sisters allegedly pressured Stephen Herbits, a confidante of their father, to ask Albany County District Attorney David Soares, New York Governor Eliot Spitzer, and New Jersey Attorney General Anne Milgram to open criminal investigations into NXIVM's critics. NXIVM reportedly kept dossiers on Soares, Spitzer, political consultant Roger Stone, U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer, and Albany Times Union publisher George Randolph Hearst III in a box in the basement of Nancy Salzman's home.[25] According to the Times Union, NXIVM "developed a reputation for aggressively pursuing critics and defectors who broke from its ranks, including using litigation to punish critics of Raniere, the organization, or its training methods."[26]

The World Ethical Foundations Consortium, an organization co-founded by Raniere and the Bronfman sisters, sponsored a visit to Albany by the 14th Dalai Lama in 2009. The visit was initially cancelled due to negative press surrounding NXIVM,[27] but was rescheduled; the Dalai Lama spoke at Albany's Palace Theatre in May 2009.[28] Subsequently, in 2017, Lama Tenzin Dhonden, the self-styled "Personal Emissary for Peace for the Dalai Lama" who had arranged the appearance, was suspended from his position amid corruption charges; the investigation also revealed a personal relationship between Dhonden and Sara Bronfman, which began in 2009.[29]

NXIVM has been described as a pyramid scheme,[30][31][32][7] a sex-trafficking operation,[33] a cult,[34][35][36] and a sex cult.[37] In a 2010 article in the Times Union, former NXIVM coaches characterized students as "prey" for use by Raniere in satisfying his sexual or gambling-related proclivities.[38] Kristin Keeffe, a longtime partner of Raniere and mother of his child, left the group in 2014 and described Raniere as "dangerous", stating that "[a]ll the worst things you know about NXIVM are true."[39]

Media investigations

Starting with an October 2017 article in The New York Times, details began to emerge about DOS, a "secret sisterhood" within NXIVM, in which female members were allegedly referred to as "slaves," branded with the initials of Raniere and Mack, subjected to corporal punishment from their "masters", and required to provide nude photos or other potentially damaging information about themselves as "collateral".[32][8][40][41][7] Law enforcement representatives have alleged that members of DOS were forced into sexual slavery.[42]

Sarah Edmondson, a Canadian actress who had been an ESP participant since 2005, said that she left NXIVM after Mack inducted her into DOS the preceding March at her home in Albany. Edmondson alleged that participants were blindfolded naked, held down by Mack and three other women, and branded by NXIVM-affiliated doctor Danielle Roberts, using a cauterizing pen.[32][8][43][44][19] Appearing on an A&E television program about cults, Edmondson would provide additional context on the use of the "collateral" concept, stating that it was used in innocuous forms from the earliest, outermost stages of NXIVM in order to acclimatize victims—for example, collateralizing small amounts of money that one might forfeit if one did not go to the gym one day.[8][9] The Times would later report that "hundreds" of members left NXIVM after Edmondson went public about her experience.[9]

On December 15, 2017, the ABC newsmagazine 20/20 aired an exposé featuring interviews with many former NXIVM adherents, including Edmondson and Catherine Oxenberg, who alleged that her daughter, India Oxenberg, was in danger due to the group. Several former members reported financial and sexual predation carried out by NXIVM leaders.[32][40][45] Edmondson was further featured in "Escaping NXIVM", during the first season of the CBC podcast Uncover.[46]

Seven socially-prominent Mexicans, including Emilio Salinas Occelli (son of former president Carlos Salinas de Gortari and Ana Cristina Fox (daughter of former president Vicente Fox, Rosa Laura Junco, Loreta Garza Dávila (business leader from Nuevo Leon, Daniela Padilla, Camila Fernández, and Mónica Durán, have been accused of involvement, according to an article in the New York Times published on May 26, 2019.[47]

In March 2018, Raniere was arrested and indicted on a variety of charges related to DOS, including sex trafficking, sex trafficking conspiracy, and conspiracy to commit forced labor.[3][48] He was arrested in Mexico and held in custody in New York after appearing in federal court in Fort Worth, Texas.[49] The indictment alleged that at least one woman was coerced into sex with Raniere, who forced DOS members to undergo the branding ritual alleged by Edmondson and others.[50][51] United States Attorney Richard Donoghue stated that Raniere "created a secret society of women whom he had sex with and branded with his initials, coercing them with the threat of releasing their highly personal information and taking their assets."[7]

On April 20, 2018, Mack was arrested and indicted on similar charges to Raniere's. According to prosecutors, after she recruited women into first NXIVM and then DOS, Mack coerced them into engaging in sexual activity with Raniere and performing menial tasks, for which she was allegedly paid by Raniere.[19] Mack was further alleged to be second-in-command of NXIVM after Raniere.[19][23][52][53][54] On April 24, Mack was released on $5 million bond pending trial and held under house arrest with her parents in California.[55][56] If convicted of all charges, Mack and Raniere face a minimum of fifteen years and up to life in prison.[57] On May 4, Raniere pleaded not guilty.[58]

Salzman's home was raided shortly after Raniere's arrest,[7] and prosecutors stated during his arraignment that further arrests and a superseding indictment for Raniere and Mack should be expected.[59][60] In late May, authorities moved to seize two NXIVM-owned properties near Albany.[61]

In April 2018, the New York Post reported that NXIVM had moved to Brooklyn, New York and was being led by Clare Bronfman.[62] On June 12, 2018, the Times Union reported that NXIVM had suspended its operations due to "extraordinary circumstances facing the company".[63] Bronfman was arrested on July 24 and charged with racketeering. She was released to house arrest after signing a $100 million bail bond. Also arrested and charged with the same crime were NXIVM President Nancy Salzman; her daughter, Lauren Salzman; and another NXIVM employee, Kathy Russell.[64][65]

On March 13, 2019, Nancy Salzman pleaded guilty to a charge of racketeering criminal conspiracy.[66][67][68] Also in March 2019, Lauren Salzman pleaded guilty to racketeering and racketeering conspiracy.[69] On April 8, 2019, Mack pleaded guilty to racketeering.[70] On April 19, 2019, Bronfman pleaded guilty to charges of harboring an alien and identity fraud; bookkeeper Russell also pleaded guilty to visa fraud.[71]

Raniere's federal trial began on May 7, 2019.[72]

References

  1. ^ Saul, Emily (January 23, 2019). "Brooklyn judge finds 'issues' with Nxivm defense fund". nypost.com. Retrieved January 24, 2019.
  2. ^ Burton, Tara Isabella (25 April 2018). "Seagram's heiress arrested for role in controversial "sex cult"". Vox.
  3. ^ a b "Leader of NY Group Branded Women, Made Them Sex Slaves: Feds". nbcnewyork.com. NBCUniversal Media, LLC. March 26, 2018. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
  4. ^ "Nxivm: Seagram heiress Clare Bronfman pleads guilty in 'sex cult' case". BBC News. 20 April 2019.
  5. ^ Amanda Arnold (19 April 2019). "The Most Disturbing Details From the NXIVM Sex-Cult Case". The Cut. Retrieved 20 April 2019.
  6. ^ Bloch, Josh; Goldhar, Kathleen; Elash, Anita; Pizer, Dave. "Escaping NXIVM: Inside the secretive world of leader Keith Raniere". newsinteractives.cbc.ca.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Who is Keith Raniere? Self-help guru accused of sex trafficking". Newsweek. March 28, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e A&E Cults and extreme believes S1E1, aired May 28, 2018, last accessed May 30, 2018, https://www.aetv.com/shows/cults-and-extreme-belief/season-1/episode-1.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "The 'Sex Cult' That Preached Empowerment". New York Times. May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d Andrews, Suzanna (October 13, 2010). "The Heiresses and the Cult". Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  11. ^ "'Ample evidence' to justify investigation". February 20, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  12. ^ a b Freedman, Michael (October 13, 2003). "Cult of Personality". Forbes. New York. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  13. ^ "This Keith Raniere Sex-Cult Story Is Much Deeper Than Allison Mack's Arrest". Vanity Fair. April 20, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  14. ^ "A Top NXIVM Sex Cult Recruiter Comes Forward, Says Founder 'Messed With the Wrong Person'". The Daily Beast. March 26, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
  15. ^ a b Köhler, Nicholas (September 13, 2010). "How to Lose $100 Million". Maclean's. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
  16. ^ Odato, James; Gish, Jennifer (February 11, 2012). "Secrets of NXIVM". Albany Times Union. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  17. ^ Barcella, Laura (November 21, 2017). "Is NXIVM a Cult? What We Know". RollingStone.com. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  18. ^ Andrews, Suzanna (October 13, 2010). "The Heiresses and the Cult". VanityFair.com. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g "Her Darkest Role: Actress Allison Mack's Descent From 'Smallville' to Sex Cult". May 16, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  20. ^ "NXIVM Corp. v. Ross". legal case. Citizen media law company. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  21. ^ Berman, Phyllis; Gillies, Andrew T.; Novack, Janet; Egan, Mary Ellen; Blakeley, Kiri (June 24, 2006). "The Bronfmans And the Cult". Forbes. Retrieved July 24, 2006.
  22. ^ Vardi, Nathan (March 29, 2010). "The Bronfmans and The 'Cult'". Forbes. Retrieved February 11, 2018.
  23. ^ a b "'Smallville' Actress Kristin Kreuk 'Horrified and Disgusted' by Nxivm Cult She Left". Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  24. ^ Hurt, Charles (1 October 2007). "HILLARY'S $30,000 FANS ARE HER 'CULT' FOLLOWING".
  25. ^ Witness: Bronfmans tried to apply political pressure. Gavin, Robert. Times Union. 16 May 2019.
  26. ^ Lyons, Brendan J. (24 September 2018). "FBI shifts mountain of data in NXIVM's seized computers". Times Union.
  27. ^ Ettkin, Brian (April 6, 2009). "Dalai Lama Cancels His Visit to Albany". The News-Times. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
  28. ^ Caprood, Tom (May 7, 2009). "Dalai Lama fills Palace with message of compassion". TroyRecord.com. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  29. ^ "Suspended Lama Tenzin Dhonden Had A Lover Too!". Tibetan Journal. 2017-11-01. Retrieved 2018-08-13.
  30. ^ Odato, James. "Lawyer attacks NXIVM 'scheme'". TimesUnion.com. The Hearst Corporation. Retrieved November 13, 2017.
  31. ^ "The Only (Alleged) Sex-Slave Cult Story You Need to Understand: Kirsten Gillibrand's Weakness as a 2020 Candidate". Slate.com. March 28, 2018. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
  32. ^ a b c d Meier, Barry. "Inside a Secretive Group Where Women Are Branded". NY Times. Retrieved October 18, 2017. In a letter, the agency said it would not look into Dr. Roberts because she was not acting as Ms. Edmondson's doctor when the branding is said to have happened.
  33. ^ "Associate pleads guilty in 'sex cult' case". 13 March 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
  34. ^ Cohan, William D. (November 18, 2014). "How a Strange, Secretive, Cult-like Company Is Waging Legal War Against Journalists". The Nation. Retrieved May 27, 2015.
  35. ^ "Bronfman, Russell plead guilty in NXIVM case - HoustonChronicle.com". www.timesunion.com. 19 April 2019.
  36. ^ News, A. B. C. "Members of alleged sex cult NXIVM appear in federal court". ABC News. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  37. ^ "Heiress among four arrested in 'sex cult'". 25 July 2018. Retrieved 14 January 2019 – via www.bbc.com.
  38. ^ Odato, James (November 22, 2010). "Ex-NXIVM trainer: Students are prey". Times Union. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  39. ^ Odato, James (May 12, 2014). "A split from NXIVM". Times Union. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  40. ^ a b "Former NXIVM member says she was invited into a secret sorority, then branded". abcnews.go.com. ABC News. December 16, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
  41. ^ Barcella, Laura (2018-03-28). "NXIVM: What We Know About Alleged Sex Trafficking, Forced Labor". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
  42. ^ "What is Nxivm?". March 27, 2018. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
  43. ^ CBC News (27 October 2017). "Canadian woman says she was ritually branded and indoctrinated by a 'cultish group' in the U.S." – via YouTube.
  44. ^ "Vancouver woman says scars from ritual 'branding' fuel her fight against 'cultish' group". CBC. October 27, 2017.
  45. ^ ABC News (16 December 2017). "Former NXIVM member describes being branded in secret sorority initiation: Part 1" – via YouTube.
  46. ^ "Excaping NXIVM". cbc.ca. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 5 September 2018. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
  47. ^ "¿Quiénes son los mexicanos involucrados con la secta NXIVM?" [Who are the Mexicans involved with the NXIVM sect?], El Sol de Mexico (in Spanish), May 26, 2019, retrieved May 26, 2019
  48. ^ Siemaszko, Corky (2018-05-04). "Self-help guru denies enslaving, branding women in Nxivm sex cult". NBC News. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  49. ^ "Leader of alleged cult that ensnared Vancouver woman appears in court". CBC. March 27, 2018.
  50. ^ "Feds say self-help guru coerced followers into sex, had them branded with a cauterizing pen". Washington Post. March 3, 2018.
  51. ^ "NXIVM female sex "slaves" allegedly branded with secretive group leader's initials". CBS. Associated Press. March 27, 2018.
  52. ^ "Founder of "NXIVM", a Purported Self-Help Organization, and Actor Indicted for Sex Trafficking and Forced Labor Conspiracy". www.justice.gov. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
  53. ^ "Smallville Actress Arrested for Role in Alleged Sex Cult that Branded and Enslaved Women". Time. April 20, 2018. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |work= (help)
  54. ^ Helmore, Edward (April 22, 2018). "Smallville's Allison Mack was allegedly a 'top member' of cult that abused women". The Guardian. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  55. ^ "Allison Mack of "Smallville" granted bail in sex cult case".
  56. ^ Gonzalez, Sandra (2018-04-24). "Allison Mack granted bail in sex trafficking case". CNN. Retrieved 2018-05-03.
  57. ^ Park, Andrea (2018-04-21). ""Smallville" actress Allison Mack arrested for role in NXIVM sex cult". CBS News. Retrieved 2018-05-16.
  58. ^ "Self-help guru denies enslaving, branding women in sex cult". NBC News. 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  59. ^ "Raniere, Mack appear in court on sex-slavery charges". Albany Times-Union. 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  60. ^ "Trial date set for Keith Raniere and Allison Mack". Albany News 10. 2018-05-04. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
  61. ^ "Foreclosure Complaint Reveals NXIVM Sex Cult Rituals In Upstate New York". May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
  62. ^ Italiano, Laura (21 April 2018). "'Sex cult' moves to Brooklyn — and is ready for 'war'". Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  63. ^ Hughes, Steve; Press, The Associated (12 June 2018). "NXIVM suspends all operations; founder's bail denied". Times Union.
  64. ^ "Clare Bronfman, Seagram's heiress, arrested in Nxivm sex-trafficking case". globalnews.ca. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
  65. ^ Proctor, Jason (2018-07-24). "Seagram's heiress Clare Bronfman charged in connection with alleged sex cult NXIVM Bronfman and five others accused of racketeering related to operations of a cult-like pyramid group". CBC. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  66. ^ Brendan, Pierson (2019-03-13). "Self-help guru Raniere faces U.S. child porn charges; associate pleads guilty". Reuters. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
  67. ^ Saul, Emily (2019-03-13). "Nxivm co-founder Nancy Salzman pleads guilty in sex cult case". New York Post. Retrieved 2019-03-14. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |dead-url= (help)
  68. ^ "Leader of alleged NXIVM sex cult pleads not guilty to child porn charges". www.cbsnews.com. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
  69. ^ Lyons, Brendan J.; Goodwin, Mike (29 March 2019). "Daughter of NXIVM leader pleads guilty". Times Union.
  70. ^ "Smallville star Allison Mack pleads guilty to racketeering in Nxivm case". The Guardian. 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2019-04-21. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  71. ^ Meier, Barry; Moynihan, Colin (2019-04-19). "Clare Bronfman Pleads Guilty in Nxivm 'Sex Cult' Case, Leaving Leader to Stand Trial Alone". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-04-20.
  72. ^ https://www.news10.com/video/nxivm-trial-prosecution-s-opening-statements-lasted-90-minutes_20190507163116/1986277706
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