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Coordinates: 31°15′N 32°19′E / 31.250°N 32.317°E / 31.250; 32.317
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{{Coord|31|15|N|32|19|E|display=title}}

{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->
|name =Port Fuad
|name = Port Fuad
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|native_name = {{lang|ar|بورفؤاد}}
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<!-- images and maps ----------->
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|image_caption =Port Fouad as seen across the Suez Canal from Port Said.
|image_caption = Port Fouad as seen across the Suez Canal from Port Said.
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|pushpin_map_caption =Location in Egypt
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<!-- Location ------------------>
<!-- Location ------------------>
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|subdivision_name1 = [[Port Said Governorate]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Port Said Governorate]]
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|<!-- Politics ----------------->
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<!-- Population ----------------------->
<!-- Population ----------------------->
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<!-- General information --------------->
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'''Port Fuad''' or '''Port Fouad''' ({{lang-ar|بورفؤاد}} ''{{transl|ar|Borfoʾād}}'', {{IPA-ar|boɾ.foˈʔæːd|IPA}}) is a city in [[Port Said Governorate]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Louis|title=Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index|date=1963|publisher=Crowell-Collier Publishing Company|page=265|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MjJsdyamWnUC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gellhorn|first1=Eleanor Cowles|title=McKay's Guide to the Middle East|date=1965|publisher=McKay Company|page=91|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gd1AAAAAIAAJ|language=en}}</ref> Port Fuad is located in northeastern Egypt at the northwestern-most tip of the [[Sinai Peninsula]], across from the city of [[Port Said]] on the Asian side of the [[Suez Canal]]. Port Fuad is considered a [[suburb]] of Port Said and together they form a [[metropolitan area]] of over one million residents, one of only two in the world that spans two [[continent]]s along with [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]. Port Fuad has a population of 81,591 (as of 2015).<ref name="El-Bastawisy"/><ref name="Asof2006" />
'''Port Fuad''' or '''Port Fouad''' ({{lang-ar|بورفؤاد}} ''{{transl|ar|Borfoʾād}}'', {{IPA-ar|boɾ.foˈʔæːd|IPA}}) is a city in [[Port Said Governorate]], [[Egypt]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Shores|first1=Louis|title=Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index|date=1963|publisher=Crowell-Collier Publishing Company|page=265|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MjJsdyamWnUC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Gellhorn|first1=Eleanor Cowles|title=McKay's Guide to the Middle East|date=1965|publisher=McKay Company|page=91|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gd1AAAAAIAAJ|language=en}}</ref> Port Fuad is located in northeastern Egypt at the northwestern-most tip of the [[Sinai Peninsula]], across from the city of [[Port Said]] on the Asian side of the [[Suez Canal]]. Port Fuad is considered a [[suburb]] of Port Said and together they form a [[metropolitan area]] of over one million residents, one of only two in the world that spans two [[continent]]s along with [[Istanbul]], [[Turkey]]. Port Fuad has a population of 81,591 (as of 2015).<ref name="El-Bastawisy"/><ref name="Asof2006" />


==History==
== History ==
Port Fuad was established in 1926, principally to relieve overcrowding in [[Port Said]], and was named after King [[Fuad I of Egypt|Fuad I]] (also transliterated as ''Fouad''), the first holder of the title [[King of Egypt]] in the modern era (having previously held the title [[Sultan of Egypt]]).<ref name="Asof2006" />
Port Fuad was established in 1926, principally to relieve overcrowding in [[Port Said]], and was named after King [[Fuad I of Egypt|Fuad I]] (also transliterated as ''Fouad''), the first holder of the title [[King of Egypt]] in the modern era (having previously held the title [[Sultan of Egypt]]).<ref name="Asof2006" />


After the war of 1967 Port Fuad was the only piece of Sinai held by the Egyptians. The Israeli army tried to capture Port Fuad during the [[War of Attrition]], but failed. After the [[Yom Kippur War|October War]], the [[Camp David Accord]] in 1978 Israel agreed to return Sinai to Egypt peacefully, and later the two countries signed a peace treaty. Today Port Fuad is a major Air Defence Position for Egypt. Despite its important location, as of 2006, Port Fuad was still considered a residential zone, with very few facilities and no major downtown or city center.<ref name="Asof2006">{{cite book|last1=Cavendish|first1=Cavendish|title=World and Its Peoples, Volumen 1|date=September 1, 2006|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|page=1130|url=https://books.google.com/?id=j894miuOqc4C&pg=PA1130&dq=port+fuad#v=onepage&q=port%20fuad&f=false|accessdate=22 October 2016|isbn=9780761475712}}</ref>
After the war of 1967 Port Fuad was the only piece of Sinai held by the Egyptians. The Israeli army tried to capture Port Fuad during the [[War of Attrition]], but failed. After the [[Yom Kippur War|October War]], the [[Camp David Accord]] in 1978 Israel agreed to return Sinai to Egypt peacefully, and later the two countries signed a peace treaty. Today Port Fuad is a major Air Defence Position for Egypt. Despite its important location, as of 2006, Port Fuad was still considered a residential zone, with very few facilities and no major downtown or city center.<ref name="Asof2006">{{cite book|last1=Cavendish|first1=Cavendish|title=World and Its Peoples, Volumen 1|date=September 1, 2006|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|page=1130|url=https://books.google.com/?id=j894miuOqc4C&pg=PA1130&dq=port+fuad#v=onepage&q=port%20fuad&f=false|accessdate=22 October 2016|isbn=9780761475712}}</ref>


==Geography==
== Geography ==
The city is located on Port Fuad Island, a triangular island bounded by the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] to the North, the Suez Canal to the West, and the relatively new eastern channel from the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean to the East.<ref name="El-Bastawisy">{{cite journal|last1=El-Bastawisy|first1=Magdy M.|title=Incorporating Local Urban Environmental Conservation and Regional Development: Port Fouad, Egypt|url=https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1878029616300470/1-s2.0-S1878029616300470-main.pdf?_tid=006b8325-deae-412b-9408-3cbb2ecfea25&acdnat=1525081659_4a480f8d3d5d23272640d9ae2a0896dc|journal=Procedia Environmental Sciences|volume=34|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|pages=271–284|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.025|date=1 January 2016}}</ref> Lying on the eastern side of the main canal, the island is considered part of Asia.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McLachlan|first1=Anne|last2=McLachlan|first2=Keith Stanley|title=Egypt handbook|date=2000|publisher=Footprint|isbn=9781900949682|page=399|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xQwuAQAAIAAJ|language=en|quote=It is one of Port Said's suburbs, ... and thus being part of Asia}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Near East|date=1922|volume=22|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CUEZAAAAYAAJ|publisher=s.n.|language=en|quote=The Suez Canal Co. is ... at Port Fouad, opposite Port Said, on the Asiatic side of the canal ...}}</ref>
The city is located on Port Fuad Island, a triangular island bounded by the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] to the North, the Suez Canal to the West, and the relatively new eastern channel from the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean to the East.<ref name="El-Bastawisy">{{cite journal|last1=El-Bastawisy|first1=Magdy M.|title=Incorporating Local Urban Environmental Conservation and Regional Development: Port Fouad, Egypt|url=https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1878029616300470/1-s2.0-S1878029616300470-main.pdf?_tid=006b8325-deae-412b-9408-3cbb2ecfea25&acdnat=1525081659_4a480f8d3d5d23272640d9ae2a0896dc|journal=Procedia Environmental Sciences|volume=34|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|pages=271–284|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.025|date=1 January 2016}}</ref> Lying on the eastern side of the main canal, the island is considered part of Asia.<ref>{{cite book|last1=McLachlan|first1=Anne|last2=McLachlan|first2=Keith Stanley|title=Egypt handbook|date=2000|publisher=Footprint|isbn=9781900949682|page=399|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xQwuAQAAIAAJ|language=en|quote=It is one of Port Said's suburbs, ... and thus being part of Asia}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The Near East|date=1922|volume=22|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CUEZAAAAYAAJ|publisher=s.n.|language=en|quote=The Suez Canal Co. is ... at Port Fouad, opposite Port Said, on the Asiatic side of the canal ...}}</ref>


The [[Suez Canal Authority]] forms the main employment of the city, and its employees comprise most of the population. It has one general hospital.<ref name="Asof2006" />
The [[Suez Canal Authority]] forms the main employment of the city, and its employees comprise most of the population. It has one general hospital.<ref name="Asof2006" />


⚫
== Transport ==
[[File:Port Fuad, Suez Canal 006.JPG|left|thumb|The ferry from Port Said]]
[[File:Port Fuad, Suez Canal 006.JPG|left|thumb|The ferry from Port Said]]


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== Transport ==
Until 2016 the town was accessible only by Ferry to Port Said.<ref name="Asof2006" /> Three ferry lines: the "Port Fouad Ferry" and "Al-Raswa Ferry" from Port Said, and the "Tafreea Ferry" from Port Said East.<ref name="Boulos">{{cite journal|last1=Boulos|first1=Jacqueline|title=Sustainable Development of Coastal Cities-Proposal of a Modelling Framework to Achieve Sustainable City-Port Connectivity|url=https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042815062746/1-s2.0-S1877042815062746-main.pdf?_tid=c1b4290d-3c79-43ca-aeaf-6cd9d7a4cc2c&acdnat=1525090622_b29f0aef68f93916b81ad7fe009712a6|journal=Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences|volume=216|page=981|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.094|date=6 January 2016}}</ref>
Until 2016 the town was accessible only by Ferry to Port Said.<ref name="Asof2006" /> Three ferry lines: the "Port Fouad Ferry" and "Al-Raswa Ferry" from Port Said, and the "Tafreea Ferry" from Port Said East.<ref name="Boulos">{{cite journal|last1=Boulos|first1=Jacqueline|title=Sustainable Development of Coastal Cities-Proposal of a Modelling Framework to Achieve Sustainable City-Port Connectivity|url=https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042815062746/1-s2.0-S1877042815062746-main.pdf?_tid=c1b4290d-3c79-43ca-aeaf-6cd9d7a4cc2c&acdnat=1525090622_b29f0aef68f93916b81ad7fe009712a6|journal=Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences|volume=216|page=981|language=en|doi=10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.094|date=6 January 2016}}</ref>


In 2016 the [[Suez Canal Area Development Project#Floating bridge|floating bridge]] to Port Said was opened.<ref name="floating bridge Dec 2016">{{cite news|title=Egypt’s local news digest Sept. 16: Floating bridge in north-eastern of Egypt to be inaugurate in December- official|url=http://thecairopost.youm7.com/news/216590/newsletter/egypts-local-news-digest-sept-16-floating-bridge-in-north-eastern-of-egypt-to-be-inaugurate-in-december-official|agency=Cairo Post|date=September 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sisi arrives in Port Said to inaugurate Nasr Floating Bridge|url=http://www.arabstoday.net/en/335/sisi-arrives-in-port-said-to-inaugurate-nasr-floating-bridge-013057|website=www.arabstodayen|language=es-ES|date=29 December 2016}}</ref>
In 2016 the [[Suez Canal Area Development Project#Floating bridge|floating bridge]] to Port Said was opened.<ref name="floating bridge Dec 2016">{{cite news|title=Egypt’s local news digest Sept. 16: Floating bridge in north-eastern of Egypt to be inaugurate in December- official|url=http://thecairopost.youm7.com/news/216590/newsletter/egypts-local-news-digest-sept-16-floating-bridge-in-north-eastern-of-egypt-to-be-inaugurate-in-december-official|agency=Cairo Post|date=September 16, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sisi arrives in Port Said to inaugurate Nasr Floating Bridge|url=http://www.arabstoday.net/en/335/sisi-arrives-in-port-said-to-inaugurate-nasr-floating-bridge-013057|website=www.arabstodayen|language=es-ES|date=29 December 2016}}</ref>


===Port Said East===
=== Port Said East ===
{{main|East Port Said Industrial Zone}}
{{Main|East Port Said Industrial Zone}}

On the Sinaii side of the canal,<ref>{{cite web|title=Location|url=http://ep-egypt.com/index.php/the-project-2/location-3/|website=ep-egypt.com}}</ref> Port Said East is a recently launched development that contains the [[Suez Canal Container Terminal]] which opened in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Industrial Area Port Said East|url=https://scct.com.eg/general-information/|website=SCCT|accessdate=30 April 2018}}</ref> A side canal at Port Said East was opened in 20016.<ref>{{cite web|title=East Port Said Canal Inauguarted|url=https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/183935/east-port-said-canal-inauguarted/|website=World Maritime News|date=25 February 2016}}</ref>
On the Sinai side of the canal,<ref>{{cite web|title=Location|url=http://ep-egypt.com/index.php/the-project-2/location-3/|website=ep-egypt.com}}</ref> Port Said East is a recently launched development that contains the [[Suez Canal Container Terminal]] which opened in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|title=Industrial Area Port Said East|url=https://scct.com.eg/general-information/|website=SCCT|accessdate=30 April 2018}}</ref> A side canal at Port Said East was opened in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=East Port Said Canal Inauguarted|url=https://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/183935/east-port-said-canal-inauguarted/|website=World Maritime News|date=25 February 2016}}</ref>


In November 2015 president Al-Sisi publicly launched a new harbour development project at East Port Said.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suez Canal Axis Development project becomes economic zone|url=http://www.tradearabia.com/news/IND_295757.html|website=www.tradearabia.com|date=29 November 2015}}</ref>
In November 2015, President Al-Sisi publicly launched a new harbour development project at East Port Said.<ref>{{cite web|title=Suez Canal Axis Development project becomes economic zone|url=http://www.tradearabia.com/news/IND_295757.html|website=www.tradearabia.com|date=29 November 2015}}</ref>


In May 2018 an agreement was signed between Russia and Egypt for the development of a Russian Industrial Zone.<ref name="Washish_AO_June_2018">{{cite news |last1=Wahish |first1=Niveen |title=Russia gets the go ahead: New industrial zone to bring investment, jobs and technology to Egypt |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/301606/Business/Economy/Russia-gets-the-go-ahead-New-industrial-zone-to-br.aspx |work=Ahram Online |date=3 June 2018 |access-date=2018-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124220248/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/301606/Business/Economy/Russia-gets-the-go-ahead-New-industrial-zone-to-br.aspx# |archive-date=2018-11-24 |dead-url=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="2018_Russian_Contract">{{cite news |title=Egypt and Russia sign the largest contract in the history of Egyptian railways |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1334414 |work=Al Masry Al Youm |date=18 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018114643/https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1334414# |archive-date=2018-10-18 |dead-url=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="Russian_IZ">{{cite news |title=Egypt, Russia to sign MoU to establish industrial zone in Suez Gulf area |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/185886/Business/Economy/Egypt,-Russia-to-sign-MoU-to-establish-industrial-.aspx |accessdate=18 October 2018 |work=Ahram Online |date=25 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161831/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/185886/Business/Economy/Egypt,-Russia-to-sign-MoU-to-establish-industrial-.aspx# |archive-date=2018-10-18 |dead-url=no |df= }}</ref>
In May 2018, an agreement was signed between Russia and Egypt for the development of a Russian Industrial Zone.<ref name="Washish_AO_June_2018">{{cite news |last1=Wahish |first1=Niveen |title=Russia gets the go ahead: New industrial zone to bring investment, jobs and technology to Egypt |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/301606/Business/Economy/Russia-gets-the-go-ahead-New-industrial-zone-to-br.aspx |work=Ahram Online |date=3 June 2018 |access-date=2018-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124220248/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/301606/Business/Economy/Russia-gets-the-go-ahead-New-industrial-zone-to-br.aspx# |archive-date=2018-11-24 |dead-url=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="2018_Russian_Contract">{{cite news |title=Egypt and Russia sign the largest contract in the history of Egyptian railways |url=https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1334414 |work=Al Masry Al Youm |date=18 October 2018 |access-date=2018-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018114643/https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/1334414# |archive-date=2018-10-18 |dead-url=no |df= }}</ref><ref name="Russian_IZ">{{cite news |title=Egypt, Russia to sign MoU to establish industrial zone in Suez Gulf area |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/185886/Business/Economy/Egypt,-Russia-to-sign-MoU-to-establish-industrial-.aspx |accessdate=18 October 2018 |work=Ahram Online |date=25 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181018161831/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/185886/Business/Economy/Egypt,-Russia-to-sign-MoU-to-establish-industrial-.aspx# |archive-date=2018-10-18 |dead-url=no |df= }}</ref>


==See also==
== See also ==
* [[Port Said]]
* [[Port Said]]
* [[Port Said Governorate]]
* [[Port Said Governorate]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
== External links ==
{{Commons category-inline|Port Fouad}}
{{Commons category-inline|Port Fouad}}


{{Egyptian Cities}}
{{Egyptian Cities}}
{{Suez Canal}}
{{Suez Canal}}
⚫
{{coord|31|15|N|32|19|E|display=title}}


[[Category:Populated places established in 1926]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1926]]

Revision as of 07:35, 29 July 2019

31°15′N 32°19′E / 31.250°N 32.317°E / 31.250; 32.317

Port Fuad
بورفؤاد
Port Fouad as seen across the Suez Canal from Port Said.
Port Fouad as seen across the Suez Canal from Port Said.
Port Fuad is located in Egypt
Port Fuad
Port Fuad
Location in Egypt
Coordinates: 31°15′N 32°19′E / 31.250°N 32.317°E / 31.250; 32.317
Country Egypt
GovernoratePort Said Governorate
Population
 (2015)
 • Total81,591
Time zoneUTC+2 (EST)

Port Fuad or Port Fouad (Arabic: بورفؤاد Borfoʾād, IPA: [boɾ.foˈʔæːd]) is a city in Port Said Governorate, Egypt.[1][2] Port Fuad is located in northeastern Egypt at the northwestern-most tip of the Sinai Peninsula, across from the city of Port Said on the Asian side of the Suez Canal. Port Fuad is considered a suburb of Port Said and together they form a metropolitan area of over one million residents, one of only two in the world that spans two continents along with Istanbul, Turkey. Port Fuad has a population of 81,591 (as of 2015).[3][4]

History

Port Fuad was established in 1926, principally to relieve overcrowding in Port Said, and was named after King Fuad I (also transliterated as Fouad), the first holder of the title King of Egypt in the modern era (having previously held the title Sultan of Egypt).[4]

After the war of 1967 Port Fuad was the only piece of Sinai held by the Egyptians. The Israeli army tried to capture Port Fuad during the War of Attrition, but failed. After the October War, the Camp David Accord in 1978 Israel agreed to return Sinai to Egypt peacefully, and later the two countries signed a peace treaty. Today Port Fuad is a major Air Defence Position for Egypt. Despite its important location, as of 2006, Port Fuad was still considered a residential zone, with very few facilities and no major downtown or city center.[4]

Geography

The city is located on Port Fuad Island, a triangular island bounded by the Mediterranean to the North, the Suez Canal to the West, and the relatively new eastern channel from the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean to the East.[3] Lying on the eastern side of the main canal, the island is considered part of Asia.[5][6]

The Suez Canal Authority forms the main employment of the city, and its employees comprise most of the population. It has one general hospital.[4]

Transport

The ferry from Port Said

Until 2016 the town was accessible only by Ferry to Port Said.[4] Three ferry lines: the "Port Fouad Ferry" and "Al-Raswa Ferry" from Port Said, and the "Tafreea Ferry" from Port Said East.[7]

In 2016 the floating bridge to Port Said was opened.[8][9]

Port Said East

Main article: East Port Said Industrial Zone

On the Sinai side of the canal,[10] Port Said East is a recently launched development that contains the Suez Canal Container Terminal which opened in 2004.[11] A side canal at Port Said East was opened in 2016.[12]

In November 2015, President Al-Sisi publicly launched a new harbour development project at East Port Said.[13]

In May 2018, an agreement was signed between Russia and Egypt for the development of a Russian Industrial Zone.[14][15][16]

See also

References

  1. ^ Shores, Louis (1963). Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index. Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. p. 265.
  2. ^ Gellhorn, Eleanor Cowles (1965). McKay's Guide to the Middle East. McKay Company. p. 91.
  3. ^ a b El-Bastawisy, Magdy M. (1 January 2016). "Incorporating Local Urban Environmental Conservation and Regional Development: Port Fouad, Egypt" (PDF). Procedia Environmental Sciences. 34. Elsevier: 271–284. doi:10.1016/j.proenv.2016.04.025.
  4. ^ a b c d e Cavendish, Cavendish (September 1, 2006). World and Its Peoples, Volumen 1. Marshall Cavendish. p. 1130. ISBN 9780761475712. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  5. ^ McLachlan, Anne; McLachlan, Keith Stanley (2000). Egypt handbook. Footprint. p. 399. ISBN 9781900949682. It is one of Port Said's suburbs, ... and thus being part of Asia
  6. ^ "The Near East". 22. s.n. 1922. The Suez Canal Co. is ... at Port Fouad, opposite Port Said, on the Asiatic side of the canal ... {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  7. ^ Boulos, Jacqueline (6 January 2016). "Sustainable Development of Coastal Cities-Proposal of a Modelling Framework to Achieve Sustainable City-Port Connectivity" (PDF). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 216: 981. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.094.
  8. ^ "Egypt's local news digest Sept. 16: Floating bridge in north-eastern of Egypt to be inaugurate in December- official". Cairo Post. September 16, 2016.
  9. ^ "Sisi arrives in Port Said to inaugurate Nasr Floating Bridge". www.arabstodayen (in European Spanish). 29 December 2016.
  10. ^ "Location". ep-egypt.com.
  11. ^ "Industrial Area Port Said East". SCCT. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  12. ^ "East Port Said Canal Inauguarted". World Maritime News. 25 February 2016.
  13. ^ "Suez Canal Axis Development project becomes economic zone". www.tradearabia.com. 29 November 2015.
  14. ^ Wahish, Niveen (3 June 2018). "Russia gets the go ahead: New industrial zone to bring investment, jobs and technology to Egypt". Ahram Online. Archived from the original on 2018-11-24. Retrieved 2018-11-24. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "Egypt and Russia sign the largest contract in the history of Egyptian railways". Al Masry Al Youm. 18 October 2018. Archived from the original on 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2018-10-18. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "Egypt, Russia to sign MoU to establish industrial zone in Suez Gulf area". Ahram Online. 25 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2018-10-18. Retrieved 18 October 2018. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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