AND gate

INPUT		OUTPUT
A	B	A AND B
0	0	0
0	1	0
1	0	0
1	1	1

The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If none or not all inputs to the AND gate are HIGH, a LOW output results. The function can be extended to any number of inputs.

Symbols

There are three symbols for AND gates: the American (ANSI or 'military') symbol and the IEC ('European' or 'rectangular') symbol, as well as the deprecated DIN symbol. Additional inputs can be added as needed. For more information see Logic Gate Symbols. It can also be denoted as symbol "^" or "&".

MIL/ANSI Symbol	IEC Symbol	DIN Symbol

The AND gate with inputs A and B and output C implements the logical expression $C=A\cdot B$. This expression also may be denoted as C=A^B or C=A&B.

Implementations

• 
  AND gate using diodes
• 
  AND gate using transistors
• 
  NMOS AND gate

An AND gate is usually designed using N-channel (pictured) or P-channel MOSFETs. The digital inputs a and b cause the output F to have the same result as the AND function.

Analytical representation

$f(a,b)=a*b$ is the analytical representation of AND gate:

• $f(0,0)=0*0=0$
• $f(0,1)=0*1=0$
• $f(1,0)=1*0=0$
• $f(1,1)=1*1=1$

Alternatives

Further information: NAND logic and NOR logic

If no specific AND gates are available, one can be made from NAND or NOR gates, because NAND and NOR gates are "universal gates," meaning that they can be used to make all the others.

Desired gate	NAND construction	NOR construction

IC package

AND gates are available in IC packages. The 7408 IC is a well known QUAD 2-Input AND GATES and contains four independent gates each of which performs the logic AND function.

IC 7408

See also

• OR gate
• NOT gate
• NAND gate
• NOR gate
• XOR gate
• XNOR gate
• IMPLY gate
• Boolean algebra
• Logic gate