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→‎Impact on the Macedonian National Awakening: The only source claiming Macedonian identity is biased .
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Undid revision 990970213 by Jingiby (talk) The source provided to support this is the preamble of the Loza journal, it literally calls Bellios a Macedonian patriot and you can see they are inspired by him. Your tags are influenced by your pro Bulgarian views on the Macedonian Question.
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== Impact on the Macedonian National Awakening ==
== Impact on the Macedonian National Awakening ==
⚫
Although Konstantinos was noted as a Greek by a number of sources, it is important to note that in the early 19th century, the term Greek was not clearly defined as an ethnic identity. Instead, the term Greek was used as an identification of one's religion and class, being associated with the [[Orthodoxy|Orthodox Christian]] faith and prestige. As a result, a number of non-Greeks were regarded as Greek during this period.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turnock|first=David|title=The Making of Eastern Europe: From the Earliest Times to 1815|publisher=Routledge|year=1988|isbn=9780415012676|location=|pages=292}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Zacharia|first=Katerina|title=Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=248-249}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Roudometof|first=Victor|title=Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans|publisher=|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=Greenwood Publishing Group}}</ref> In particular in [[Macedonia]], the local [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonian]] population used the [[Greek language|Greek]] language instead of [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] in schools and churches, due to the influence of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=The Young Macedonian Literary Association|first=|date=1892|title=Preamble|volume=1|page=1-2|work=Loza|url=http://macedonia.kroraina.com/loza/loza_1892_1.htm#1|url-status=live|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Young Macedonian Literary Association]], which expressed [[Macedonian nationalism|ethnic Macedonian patriotism]], was inspired by Konstantinos, leading to his appeal to "his own Macedonian compatriots" being included in the preamble of their journal ''Loza'', in 1892. Konstantinos was referred to as a Macedonian patriot by the association.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rossos|first=Andrew|title=Macedonia and the Macedonians|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|year=2008|isbn=|location=Stanford University|pages=96}}</ref>
{{POV section}}
⚫
Although Konstantinos was noted as a Greek by a number of sources, it is important to note that in the early 19th century, the term Greek was not clearly defined as an ethnic identity. Instead, the term Greek was used as an identification of one's religion and class, being associated with the [[Orthodoxy|Orthodox Christian]] faith and prestige. As a result, a number of non-Greeks were regarded as Greek during this period.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Turnock|first=David|title=The Making of Eastern Europe: From the Earliest Times to 1815|publisher=Routledge|year=1988|isbn=9780415012676|location=|pages=292}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Zacharia|first=Katerina|title=Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity|publisher=Routledge|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=248-249}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Roudometof|first=Victor|title=Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans|publisher=|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=Greenwood Publishing Group}}</ref> In particular in [[Macedonia]], the local [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonian]] population used the [[Greek language|Greek]] language instead of [[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] in schools and churches, due to the influence of the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Patriarchate of Constantinople]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=The Young Macedonian Literary Association|first=|date=1892|title=Preamble|volume=1|page=1-2|work=Loza|url=http://macedonia.kroraina.com/loza/loza_1892_1.htm#1|url-status=live|access-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> The [[Young Macedonian Literary Association]], which expressed [[Macedonian nationalism|ethnic Macedonian patriotism]],{{dubious}} was inspired by Konstantinos, leading to his appeal to "his own Macedonian compatriots" being included in the preamble of their journal ''Loza'', in 1892. Konstantinos was referred to as a Macedonian patriot by the association.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Rossos|first=Andrew|title=Macedonia and the Macedonians|publisher=Hoover Institution Press|year=2008|isbn=|location=Stanford University|pages=96}}</ref>{{better source needed}}


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:44, 27 November 2020

Baron Konstantinos Bellios

Baron Konstantinos Bellios or Vellios (Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Μπέλλιος/Βέλλιος; Macedonian: Константин Бели; Blatsi, 7 March 1772 – Vienna, 23 December 1838) was a Greek merchant and benefactor from Macedonia.

Life

His Aromanian family,[1][2] hailed from Linotopolis (modern Linotopi in the Kastoria Prefecture). Like the other inhabitants of the village, they abandoned it in 1769, after it was destroyed by Turco-Albanian irregulars during the suppression of the Orlov Revolt. The inhabitants spread across Macedonia, but Bellios' family settled in Blatsi (modern Vlasti, Kozani Prefecture), where Bellios was born in 1772.

Konstantinos' father, Alexandros, left Blatsi for Constantinople. Konstantinos and his older brother Stefanos received their first education at Vlasti, but later left for Constantinople, where they continued their studies.[3] In 1812, Konstantinos and Stefanos accompanied the newly appointed hospodar (ruler) of Wallachia, Ioannis Karatzas, to his province. The brothers settled at the Wallachian capital Iasi, where Stefanos rose to become the logothete (minister) of Justice.[4] Konstantinos Bellios acquired a thorough education at the Greek gymnasium of Iasi, and began his career in commerce and finance. Eventually, he settled in Vienna, where, on 24 February 1817, Emperor Francis I of Austria ennobled him as Baron von Bellios.

Donation seal on the books donated by Bellios to the National Library of Greece, originally intended for the Macedonian refugee settlement of Nea Pella[5]
File:Προτομή Κωνσταντίνου Βελλίου.jpg
Bust in Atalanti

Following the establishment of the independent Kingdom of Greece, he spent much of his fortune in donations and beneficent works "to assist and be of use to my homeland at a time when it is beginning to rise again".[6] His benefactions include:

  • Foundation of the Elpis Hospital in Athens, the first hospital established in the country after Independence[6]
  • Foundation of the Nea Pella settlement for Macedonian refugees in Atalanti who had fled south during the Greek War of Independence. Bellios gave each of the ca. 200 families a home and ca. 4 hectares of land.[7]
  • The Velieion trust, which offered scholarships to Macedonians from Vlasti, Siatista, Kastoria, and other cities of Macedonia, as well as Nea Pella
  • Fund drives in Vienna and Bucharest to raise money for schools, hospitals, etc. in Greece
  • Donation of the first safe to the Greek government in 1836
  • Donation of his library for use by the settlement of Nea Pella to the National Library of Greece, comprising 771 titles in 1886 volumes[6]
  • Donations to the Educational Society (Φιλεκπαιδευτική Εταιρεία) in 1837
  • Donation of lands to the value of 70,000 drachmas to the Municipality of Athens

In 1836 he visited Athens, the capital of independent Greece, where he was received with honours by King Otto, who decorated him with the Order of the Redeemer. In return, Bellios gave the king an 11th-century sword, and to Queen Amalia a rare edition of Homer.[3] He stayed in Athens for three months, from December 1836 to March 1837. During his stay, he became acquainted with Kyriakos Pittakis, director of the Greek Archaeological Service. His contact with Pittakis, and his tours of the antiquities of Athens, made a deep impression on Bellios, which led to his decision to co-found and fund the private Archaeological Society of Athens in 1837.[8]

He died in Vienna on 3 December 1838.

Impact on the Macedonian National Awakening

Although Konstantinos was noted as a Greek by a number of sources, it is important to note that in the early 19th century, the term Greek was not clearly defined as an ethnic identity. Instead, the term Greek was used as an identification of one's religion and class, being associated with the Orthodox Christian faith and prestige. As a result, a number of non-Greeks were regarded as Greek during this period.[9][10][11] In particular in Macedonia, the local Macedonian population used the Greek language instead of Macedonian in schools and churches, due to the influence of the Patriarchate of Constantinople.[12] The Young Macedonian Literary Association, which expressed ethnic Macedonian patriotism, was inspired by Konstantinos, leading to his appeal to "his own Macedonian compatriots" being included in the preamble of their journal Loza, in 1892. Konstantinos was referred to as a Macedonian patriot by the association.[12][13]

References

  1. ^ In Athens, too, is the personal library of national benefactor Baron Constantine Bellios, a Vlach from Linotopi living in Austria. For More see: Iōannēs K. Chasiōtēs, Queen of the Worthy: Thessaloniki, History and Culture, Paratiritis, 1997, ISBN 9602609532, p. 337.
  2. ^ A. Vacalopoulos, History of Macedonia 1354-1833, Ch. XII. The emigration of Macedonians to lands outside Greece, 2. Greek- and Vlach-speaking immigrants in the countries of the Northern Balkans, p. 419.
  3. ^ a b Tzafettas & Konecny 2015, p. 42.
  4. ^ Tzafettas & Konecny 2015, pp. 42–43.
  5. ^ ΕΠΟΧΕΣ, Vol. 17 (September 1964), p. 85
  6. ^ a b c Tzafettas & Konecny 2015, p. 41.
  7. ^ Tzafettas & Konecny 2015, pp. 41–42.
  8. ^ Panagiotis Kavvadias, Ιστορία της Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας από της εν έτει 1837 ιδρύσεως αυτής μέχρι του 1900, Athens 1900
  9. ^ Turnock, David (1988). The Making of Eastern Europe: From the Earliest Times to 1815. Routledge. p. 292. ISBN 9780415012676.
  10. ^ Zacharia, Katerina (2008). Hellenisms: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity. Routledge. pp. 248–249.
  11. ^ Roudometof, Victor (2011). Nationalism, Globalization, and Orthodoxy: The Social Origins of Ethnic Conflict in the Balkans. pp. Greenwood Publishing Group.
  12. ^ a b The Young Macedonian Literary Association (1892). "Preamble". Loza. Vol. 1. p. 1-2. Retrieved 27 November 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ Rossos, Andrew (2008). Macedonia and the Macedonians. Stanford University: Hoover Institution Press. p. 96.

Sources

  • Christoforou, Manthos K. (2006). Ο βαρόνος Κωνσταντίνος Δημ. Μπέλλιος ή Βέλλιος - Ευεργέτης των Μακεδόνων (in Greek). Αιάντειος Δημόσια Βιβλιοθήκη Αταλάντης.
  • Dellios, Ioannis (1910). "Ο βαρώνος Κωνσταντίνος Μπέλλιος". Μακεδονικό Ημερολόγιο (in Greek). 3: 19–36.
  • Kalinderis, Michail (1973). Ο βαρώνος Κωνσταντίνος Δ. Βέλιος 1772-1838, Η ζωή και η υπέρ του έθνους προσφορά του (in Greek). Society of Macedonian Studies.
  • Panagiotopoulos, Vasilis P. (1964). Βαρώνος Κωνσταντίνος Μπέλλιος. Ἕνας ὁμογενὴς στὴν Ἀθήνα τοῦ 1836 (in Greek).
  • Tzafettas, John; Konecny, Elvira (2015). Nikolaus Dumba (1830-1900): A Dazzling Figure in Imperial Vienna. AKAKIA Publications. ISBN 9781910714171. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Varvarousis, Ioannis K. (2007). Ο βαρόνος Κωνσταντίνος Μπέλλιος από την Βλάστη και οι επίγονοί του (in Greek).
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