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[[Image:Stipitatic.gif|frame|right|Stipitatic Acid]]
[[Image:Stipitatic.gif|frame|right|[[Stipitatic acid]]]]


'''Michael James Steuart Dewar''' (24 September 1918 – 10 October 1997) was an American [[theoretical chemistry|theoretical chemist]].<ref name="iaqms">[http://www.iaqms.org/deceased/dewar.php Michael Dewar IAQMS page]</ref><ref>{{cite journal
'''Michael James Steuart Dewar''' (24 September 1918 – 10 October 1997) was an American [[theoretical chemistry|theoretical chemist]].<ref name="iaqms">[http://www.iaqms.org/deceased/dewar.php Michael Dewar IAQMS page]</ref><ref>{{cite journal
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Dewar was appointed to the Chair in Chemistry at [[Queen Mary, University of London|Queen Mary College]] of the [[University of London]] in 1951.<ref name="utex"/> He moved to the [[University of Chicago]] in 1959 and then to the first Robert A. Welch research chair at the [[University of Texas at Austin]] in 1963.<ref name="utex"/> After a long and productive period there, he moved to the [[University of Florida]] in 1989. He retired in 1994 as Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida.<ref name="iaqms"/> He died in 1997.<ref name="utex"/><ref name="iaqms2">[http://www.iaqms.org/members.php List of IAQMS members]</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Dewar, Michael |title=A semiempirical life |publisher=American Chemical Society |location=Columbus, OH |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8412-1771-3 }}</ref>
Dewar was appointed to the Chair in Chemistry at [[Queen Mary, University of London|Queen Mary College]] of the [[University of London]] in 1951.<ref name="utex"/> He moved to the [[University of Chicago]] in 1959 and then to the first Robert A. Welch research chair at the [[University of Texas at Austin]] in 1963.<ref name="utex"/> After a long and productive period there, he moved to the [[University of Florida]] in 1989. He retired in 1994 as Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida.<ref name="iaqms"/> He died in 1997.<ref name="utex"/><ref name="iaqms2">[http://www.iaqms.org/members.php List of IAQMS members]</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Dewar, Michael |title=A semiempirical life |publisher=American Chemical Society |location=Columbus, OH |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8412-1771-3 }}</ref>


Dewar's reputation for providing original solutions to vexing puzzles first developed when he was still a postdoctoral fellow at the [[University of Oxford]]. In 1945, he deduced the correct structure for stipitatic acid, a mould product whose structure had baffled the leading chemists of the day. It involved a new kind of [[aromatic]] structure with a seven-membered ring for which Dewar coined the term ''[[tropolone]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dewar | first1 = M. J. S. | author-link = Michael J. S. Dewar| title = Structure of Stipitatic Acid | doi = 10.1038/155050b0 | journal = Nature | volume = 155 | issue = 3924 | pages = 50–51 | year = 1945 | bibcode = 1945Natur.155...50D | s2cid = 4086209 | url = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55dd3eacc7f8ec9e5346934b042686b864180f69 }}</ref> The discovery of the tropolone structure launched the field of non-benzenoid [[aromaticity]], which witnessed feverish activity for several decades and greatly expanded the chemists' understanding of cyclic π-electron systems. Also in 1945, Dewar devised the then novel notion of a π complex, which he proposed as an intermediate in the [[benzidine]] rearrangement.<ref>{{cite journal
Dewar's reputation for providing original solutions to vexing puzzles first developed when he was still a postdoctoral fellow at the [[University of Oxford]]. In 1945, he deduced the correct structure for [[stipitatic acid]], a mould product whose structure had baffled the leading chemists of the day. It involved a new kind of [[aromatic]] structure with a seven-membered ring for which Dewar coined the term ''[[tropolone]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Dewar | first1 = M. J. S. | author-link = Michael J. S. Dewar| title = Structure of Stipitatic Acid | doi = 10.1038/155050b0 | journal = Nature | volume = 155 | issue = 3924 | pages = 50–51 | year = 1945 | bibcode = 1945Natur.155...50D | s2cid = 4086209 | url = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/55dd3eacc7f8ec9e5346934b042686b864180f69 }}</ref> The discovery of the tropolone structure launched the field of non-benzenoid [[aromaticity]], which witnessed feverish activity for several decades and greatly expanded the chemists' understanding of cyclic π-electron systems. Also in 1945, Dewar devised the then novel notion of a π complex, which he proposed as an intermediate in the [[benzidine]] rearrangement.<ref>{{cite journal
| title = A review of π Complex Theory
| title = A review of π Complex Theory
| author = M. J. S. Dewar
| author = M. J. S. Dewar

Revision as of 17:29, 7 January 2021

Michael Dewar
Born
Michael James Steuart Dewar

(1918-09-24)24 September 1918
Ahmednagar, Ahmednagar District, Bombay Presidency, British India
(now in Maharashtra, India)
Died10 October 1997(1997-10-10) (aged 79)
Gainesville, Florida, US
NationalityAmerican
Alma materUniversity of Oxford (BA, DPhil)
Known forDewar–Chatt–Duncanson model
Dewar reactivity number
Awards
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of London 1951–
University of Chicago 1959–
University of Texas 1963–
University of Florida 1989–1994
ThesisNew explosives (1942)
Doctoral advisorFrederick E. King[2]
Stipitatic acid

Michael James Steuart Dewar (24 September 1918 – 10 October 1997) was an American theoretical chemist.[4][5][6]

Education and early life

Dewar was the son of Scottish parents, Annie Balfour (Keith) and Francis Dewar.[7] He received the degrees of Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, and DPhil from Balliol College, Oxford.[8][9]

Career and research

Dewar was appointed to the Chair in Chemistry at Queen Mary College of the University of London in 1951.[9] He moved to the University of Chicago in 1959 and then to the first Robert A. Welch research chair at the University of Texas at Austin in 1963.[9] After a long and productive period there, he moved to the University of Florida in 1989. He retired in 1994 as Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida.[4] He died in 1997.[9][10][11]

Dewar's reputation for providing original solutions to vexing puzzles first developed when he was still a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Oxford. In 1945, he deduced the correct structure for stipitatic acid, a mould product whose structure had baffled the leading chemists of the day. It involved a new kind of aromatic structure with a seven-membered ring for which Dewar coined the term tropolone.[12] The discovery of the tropolone structure launched the field of non-benzenoid aromaticity, which witnessed feverish activity for several decades and greatly expanded the chemists' understanding of cyclic π-electron systems. Also in 1945, Dewar devised the then novel notion of a π complex, which he proposed as an intermediate in the benzidine rearrangement.[13] This offered the first correct rationalisation of the electronic structure of complexes of transition metals with alkenes, later known as the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model.[14][15]

In the early 1950s, Dewar wrote a famous series of six articles[14][16][17][18][19][20] on a general Molecular orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry, which extended and generalised Erich Hückel's original quantum mechanical treatments by using perturbation theory and resonance theory, and which in many ways originated the modern era of theoretical and computational organic chemistry.[9] Following Woodward and Hoffmann's suggestion of selection rules for pericyclic reactions, Dewar championed (concurrently with Howard Zimmerman) an alternative approach (which he erroneously felt had been pioneered by M. G. Evans) to understanding pericyclic reactivity based on aromatic and antiaromatic transition states.[21] He did not however believe in the utility of Möbius aromaticity, introduced by Edgar Heilbronner in 1964, and now a flourishing area of chemistry.

He is known most famously for the development in the 1970s and 1980s of the Semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods, MINDO, MNDO,[3] AM1 and PM3 that are in the MOPAC computer program, and which for the first time enabled the quantitative study of the structure and mechanism of reaction (transition state) of many real (i.e. large) systems.[9] This was illustrated in 1974 by computing (using the technique of energy minimisation) the structure of a molecule as large as LSD (with 49 atoms) at a quantum mechanical level (the calculation taking several days of the then state-of-the-art supercomputer time, a CDC 6600). It is worth noting that in 2006, the equivalent calculation takes less than 1 minute on a personal computer. In 2006, the same structure computation can now be completed using high-level ab initio or density functional procedures in less than two days, and semiempirical programs can be used to optimise the structures of molecules with perhaps 10,000 atoms.

He was a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science.[10]

Awards and honours

His accolades include: Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966); Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1983); Honorary Fellow, Balliol College, Oxford (1974); Tilden Medal of the Chemical Society (1954); Harrison Howe Award of the American Chemical Society (1961);[citation needed] Robert Robinson Medal, Chemical Society (1974); G.W. Wheland Medal of the University of Chicago (1976); Evans Award, The Ohio State University (1977); Southwest Regional Award of the American Chemical Society (1978);[citation needed] Davy Medal (1982); James Flack Norris Award of the American Chemical Society (1984); William H. Nichols Award of the American Chemical Society (1986); Auburn-G. M. Kosolapoff Award of the American Chemical Society (1988);[citation needed] Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity in Organic Chemistry (1989);[citation needed] WATOC Medal (World Association of Theoretical Organic Chemists Meda), (1990).

Personal life

He is the father of Robert Dewar and Steuart Dewar.

References

  1. ^ Murrell, John Norman (1998). "Michael James Steuart Dewar. 24 September 1918 – 11 October 1997". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 44: 129–140. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1998.0009. S2CID 71610928.
  2. ^ "Michael J. S. Dewar, PhD Chemistry Tree". academictree.org.
  3. ^ a b Dewar, M. J. S.; Mckee, M. L.; Rzepa, H. S. (1978). "ChemInform Abstract: MNDO Parameters for the Third Period Elements". Chemischer Informationsdienst. 9 (34). doi:10.1002/chin.197834001. ISSN 0009-2975.
  4. ^ a b Michael Dewar IAQMS page
  5. ^ Josef Michl and Marye Anne Fox (1998). "Michael J. S. Dewar September 24, 1918 – October 10, 1997". Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences.
  6. ^ Eamonn Healy (2013). "Michael J. S. Dewar: A Model Iconoclast". Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry. ACS Symposium Series. Vol. 1122. pp. 139–153. doi:10.1021/bk-2013-1122.ch005. ISBN 978-0-8412-2716-3. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  7. ^ Cook, Robert Cecil (1963). Who's Who in American Education. [ISBN missing]
  8. ^ Dewar, Michael James Steuart (1942). New explosives. ethos.bl.uk (PhD thesis). University of Oxford.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "Dewar page from the University of Texas". Archived from the original on 16 November 2005.
  10. ^ a b List of IAQMS members
  11. ^ Dewar, Michael (1992). A semiempirical life. Columbus, OH: American Chemical Society. ISBN 978-0-8412-1771-3.
  12. ^ Dewar, M. J. S. (1945). "Structure of Stipitatic Acid". Nature. 155 (3924): 50–51. Bibcode:1945Natur.155...50D. doi:10.1038/155050b0. S2CID 4086209.
  13. ^ M. J. S. Dewar (1951). "A review of π Complex Theory". Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr.: C71–79.
  14. ^ a b Dewar, M. J. S. (1952). "A Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry. I. General Principles". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (13): 3341–3345. doi:10.1021/ja01133a038.
  15. ^ Dewar, M. J. S. (1945). "Mechanism of the Benzidine and Related Rearrangements". Nature. 156 (3974): 784. Bibcode:1945Natur.156..784D. doi:10.1038/156784a0. S2CID 4068424.
  16. ^ Dewar, M. J. S. (1952). "A Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry. II. The Structure of Mesomeric Systems". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (13): 3345–3350. doi:10.1021/ja01133a039.
  17. ^ Dewar, M. J. S. (1952). "A Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry. III. Charge Displacements and Electromeric Substituents". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (13): 3350–3353. doi:10.1021/ja01133a040.
  18. ^ Dewar, M. J. S. (1952). "A Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry. IV. Free Radicals". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (13): 3353–3354. doi:10.1021/ja01133a041.
  19. ^ Dewar, M. J. S. (1952). "A Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry. V. Theories of Reactivity and the Relationship between Them". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (13): 3355–3356. doi:10.1021/ja01133a042.
  20. ^ Dewar, M. J. S. (1952). "A Molecular Orbital Theory of Organic Chemistry. VI. Aromatic Substitution and Addition". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 74 (13): 3357–3363. doi:10.1021/ja01133a043.
  21. ^ M. J. S. Dewar (1971). "Aromatic (Huckel) and Antiaromatic (antiHuckel) Transition states". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10 (11): 761–776. doi:10.1002/anie.197107611.
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