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2021–22 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season

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2021–22 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formed20 January 2022
(record latest)
Last system dissipatedSeason ongoing
Strongest storm
NameBatsirai
 • Maximum winds195 km/h (120 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure934 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total disturbances6
Total depressions6
Total storms6
Tropical cyclones2
Intense tropical cyclones1
Very intense tropical cyclones0
Total fatalities254 total
Total damage> $53.3 million (2022 USD)
Related articles
South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone seasons
2019–20, 2020–21, 2021–22, 2022–23, 2023–24

The 2021–22 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season is an ongoing event of the annual cycle of tropical cyclone and subtropical cyclone formation. The season began on 15 November 2021, and it will end on 30 April 2022, with the exception for Mauritius and the Seychelles, for which it will end on 15 May 2022. The season's first storm, Moderate Tropical Storm Ana, formed on 20 January 2022, marking the latest first storm in a Southwest Indian Ocean cyclone season ever.[1][2] The second, and strongest storm of the season so far, Cyclone Batsirai, formed on 24 January, and became a long-lived and powerful storm. It cruised west, and eventually made landfall in Madagascar as a Category 3-equivalent storm. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical and subtropical cyclones form in the basin, which is west of 90°E and south of the Equator. However, tropical cyclones that form at any time between 1 July 2021 and 30 June 2022 will count towards the season total. Tropical and subtropical cyclones in this basin are monitored by the Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre in Réunion and unofficially by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.

Seasonal summary

Cyclone EmnatiCyclone BatsiraiTropical Storm Ana (2022)Tropical cyclone scales#Comparisons across basins

Systems

Moderate Tropical Storm Ana

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration20 January – 25 January
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
990 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Ana (2022)
See also: 2022 Antananarivo floods

At 07:30 UTC on 20 January, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center began monitoring an area of convection, which they designated as Invest 93S, approximately 378 nmi (700 km; 435 mi) from Mauritius, with the agency giving a low chance for potential cyclogenesis within the next 24 hours.[3] At midday, the MFR observed a closed circulation north-northwest of Saint-Brandon, with a rather ill-defined center.[4] Early the next day, at 02:00 UTC, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for Invest 93S, as the agency noted its consolidation of a well-defined low-level center.[5] Later at 12:00 UTC, the MFR declared the tropical low pressure system as a zone of disturbed weather, making it the first system of the season.[6] Twelve hours later, the MFR upgraded it to tropical disturbance status, as they found that the system's cloud pattern had improved.[7] The disturbance consolidated further and developed distinct curved rainbands, which prompted the MFR to upgrade it to a tropical depression by 06:00 UTC on 22 January.[8] Between 08:00 UTC and 09:00 UTC, the system's center crossed between Toamasina and Île Sainte-Marie as a tropical depression, with the MFR re-classifying the system as a overland depression.[9][10] Following landfall, the system weakened slightly, though its structure remained intact.[10] At 06:00 UTC the next day, the MFR re-classified it again as a tropical disturbance after entering the Mozambique Channel.[11] Six hours later, it re-intensified into a tropical depression, as it gradually improved its convective structure and cooling of its convective bands.[12] At 15:00 UTC on 23 January, the JTWC declared the system a tropical cyclone and designated it 07S.[13] The MFR later upgraded it to a moderate tropical storm and named it Ana, making it the first named storm of the season.[14] Ana maintained its intensity until at 08:00 UTC the same day, when it made landfall near south of Angoche, Mozambique.[15][16] The system later moved westwards as an overland depression, after the landfall, crossing across southern Malawi and northern Zimbabwe, and by midday of 25 January it became a remnant low over the adjoining areas of Zimbabwe and Zambia.[17] The remnant later moved towards Angola and was last noted on 30 January around Namibia and Angola.[18]

Despite a weak system, Ana caused devastating floods in Madagascar, Malawi and Mozambique killing 88 people in total.[19] Before becoming a moderate tropical storm, Ana made landfall as a tropical depression in Madagascar causing heavy rainfall which led to deadly landslides and floods. Ana caused 48 fatalities in Madagascar.[19] An estimated 55,000 people had become homeless and 130,000 were forced to flee to temporary habitation centres.[20][21] In Mozambique, at least 20 people had died and 10,000 homes had been destroyed. An additional 20,000 got affected by the cyclone.[19][21] In Malawi, 200,000 people had been displaced and 20 fatalities had been reported. Catastrophic flooding has caused severe damages to infrastructure and powerlines, which led to severe power outages mainly in the affected area.[21] The Kapichira hydroelectric dam was badly damaged due to the flash floods. Because of this, the government of Malawi declared as "state of natural disaster".[22]

Intense Tropical Cyclone Batsirai

Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
 
Duration24 January – 8 February
Peak intensity195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min);
934 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Cyclone Batsirai

On 23 January, when the JTWC declared Invest 93S as Tropical Cyclone 07S which would later Tropical Storm Ana at 15:00 UTC, the JTWC also noted an area of convection which was designated as Invest 96S over the eastern part of the basin, located approximately 493 nmi (913 km; 567 mi) from the Cocos Islands half an hour later, along with its disorganized convection over a board LLC. The agency gave a low chance for potential cyclogenesis in next 24 hours.[23] A day later at 00:30 UTC, the agency upgraded to medium after the system gradually improved its convective pattern.[24] Later at 21:30 UTC the same day, the agency issued a TCFA for Invest 96S, after noting its obscure LLC.[25] Meanwhile, at midday of 25 January, the MFR recognized the same low pressure system and later upgraded it to a tropical disturbance status at 06:00 UTC the next day.[26][27] According to them, the system's convection had shown signs of gradual organization since 24 January. The center had become better defined with low-level clouds converging towards it in a defined circular pattern, suggesting that a closed circulation had formed.[27] The MFR further upgraded it to a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC the same day, as it continued to improve its convective structure along its low-level center.[28] After its convective activity briefly interrupted after 18:00 UTC due to dry air,[29] the JTWC recognized the system as a tropical cyclone at 03:00 UTC the next day.[30] The MFR followed three hours later, by upgrading it to a moderate tropical storm and named it Batsirai.[31] Between 06:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC, Batsirai underwent a rapid deepening and intensified from a moderate tropical storm to an intense tropical cyclone within a span of just three hours. According to the MFR, it was favoured by the very small size of the system and its fast movement. It had also established an inner core of 75 to 90 km (45 to 55 mi) in diameter.[32] Two hours later, the JTWC also upgraded it to a Category 2 tropical cyclone, as it developed a small eye at about 7 nmi (13 km; 8.1 mi) in diameter.[33] However, by 18:00 UTC, it started to rapidly decline after its eye quickly collapsed and the cloud tops had warmed since. Because of these reasons, the MFR downgraded to a tropical cyclone.[34] At midnight of 28 January, it further downgraded to a moderate tropical storm, after further weakening of the convective structure.[35] Three hours later, the JTWC downgraded back to a tropical storm status.[36]

Batsirai resumed its intensification after upgrading to a severe tropical storm status at 06:00 UTC the next day.[37] Nine hours later, the JTWC upgraded to a Category 1 tropical cyclone.[38] At 03:00 UTC of 30 January, the JTWC further upgraded to a Category 2 tropical cyclone after noting a well-defined central dense overcast (CDO) and a microwave eye feature.[39] The MFR further upgraded it to a tropical cyclone status at midday.[40] Three hours later, the JTWC upgraded to a Category 3 tropical cyclone, as its eyewall had expanded and also developed a 5 nmi (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) wide pinhole-eye.[41] However it was short lived and it re-declined to a Category 1 status by 03:00 UTC of 1 February, as its pinhole-shaped eye just collapsed shortly and its eyewall became disorganized. Possibly because of its struggle to maintain its convective structure against the ever increasing vertical wind shear (VWS), despite high sea-surface temperature (SST).[42][43] But at 15:00 UTC the same day, it did a comeback to a Category 2 status, as it managed to consolidate and its eye feature re-appeared in the satellite imagery.[44] Three hours later, the MFR upgraded it to an intense tropical cyclone status.[45] By 03:00 UTC of February 2, it went for another round of rapid intensification from a Category 2 to a Category 4 tropical cyclone, according to the JTWC.[46] Its eyewall rapidly organized and also developed a 15 nmi (28 km; 17 mi) wide eye.[46] After reaching its peak at 12:00 UTC, satellite imagery depicted formation of another eyewall and also showed signs of weakening at 15:00 UTC. This indicated the beginning of the eyewall replacement cycle.[47][48]

Moderate Tropical Storm Cliff

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration3 February – 5 February
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
994 hPa (mbar)

On January 31, the MFR reported a formation of a weak area of low pressure east of Cyclone Batsirai,[49] which later the JTWC recognized the same circulation as Invest 90S, at 08:00 UTC of February 2, after they noted a formation of a LLC. The agency gave a medium chance for possible cyclogenesis in next 24 hours.[50] Two days later at 03:00 UTC the JTWC upgraded to a high chance of cyclogenesis and issued a TCFA for the invest,[51] which the agency shortly upgraded to a tropical cyclone status, after noting the defined but obscured LLC.[52] At midday, the MFR followed and declared the same low as a tropical depression, as its convection had well-developed under the approaching favourable inflow from the southwest of the system's center.[53] Later in the evening, the MFR upgraded to a moderate tropical storm and was shortly named Cliff by the Mauritius Meteorological Service. Numerous satellite imagery indicated the continued development near the system's low-level center and the development a curved band pattern.[54] However by midnight of February 5, Cliff weakened as its cloud pattern had deteriorated and the banding features had almost vanished, with the LLC displaced southwards from its center. This caused under the effects of the increasing northerly wind shear.[55] By 06:00 UTC, Cliff further declined as its convection further degraded and its center displaced towards far south, mainly because of intrusion of dry air and the further strengthening of the north-westerly wind shear.[56] Six hours later, the MFR issued its last bulletin and declared as a "filling up" low, as its central pressure started to rapidly rise and its low-level center had been further exposed to the northerly wind shear.[57] On the next day at 21:00 UTC, the JTWC also issued its final update about Cliff.[58] The remnants of Cliff meandered in the open-sea and briefly passing west of the Reunion island on February 11,[59] until on February 12 it had been completed dissipated.[60]

Moderate Tropical Storm Dumako

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration10 February – 18 February
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
993 hPa (mbar)

On February 11, a tropical disturbance formed in the central South Indian Ocean, and was then designated as 04. The next day, February 12, the system intensified into a tropical depression. At 06:00 UTC on February 13, Tropical Depression 04 intensified into a moderate tropical storm, and was therefore given the name, Dumako. Dumako slowly intensified for the rest of February 13 and up until 06:00 UTC February 14 where MFR estimated peak intensity of 50 mph (85 km/h) with pressure of 993 hPa, and the JTWC estimated slightly higher windspeed of 60 mph (95 km/h). For the rest of February 14 and up until right before landfall at 09:00 UTC on February 15, Dumako slowly weakened and experienced higher wind shear simultaneous. It weakened overnight rapidly due to rugged terrain and the JTWC gave last warning on the system on 21:00 UTC of February 15. 14 people died in the storm.[61][62]

Intense Tropical Cyclone Emnati

Tropical Cyclone Emnati
Current storm status
Intense tropical cyclone (MFR)
Current storm status
Category 3 tropical cyclone (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:09:00 UTC, 20 February
Location:17°24′S 55°36′E / 17.4°S 55.6°E / -17.4; 55.6 (Tropical Cyclone Emnati) ± 20 nmi
About 191 nmi (354 km; 220 mi) NNW of Port Louis, Mauritius
Sustained winds:85 knots (155 km/h; 100 mph) (10-min mean)
gusting to not specified
105 knots (195 km/h; 120 mph) (1-min mean)
Pressure:955 hPa (28.20 inHg)
Movement:WSW at 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph)
See more detailed information.
Main article: Cyclone Emnati

Emnati initially developed as a zone of disturbed weather where it moved westwards over the open waters in Indian Ocean Environmental conditions were assessed as being marginally conducive for tropical cyclogenesis, with warm sea surface temperatures near 28 °C (82 °F) and low vertical wind the disturbance located about 420 nautical miles (780 km; 480 mi) to Diego Garcia south [63][64] On the same day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system and by 21:00 UTC JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and classified it Tropical Cyclone 13S.[65] The next day, the system organized into a tropical disturbance.[66] The system continued organizing, and at 12:00 UTC, MFR upgraded the system to a tropical depression.[67] By the 17 February, the MFR reported that the system had become a moderate tropical storm and the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center in Mauritius named it Emnati.[68][69]

Current storm information

As of 09:00 UTC 20 February, Tropical Cyclone Emnati is located within 20 nautical miles of 17°24′S 55°36′E / 17.4°S 55.6°E / -17.4; 55.6 (Emnati), approximately 191 nmi (354 km; 220 mi) north-northwest of Port Louis, Mauritius. Maximum 10-minute sustained winds are at 85 knots (155 km/h; 100 mph), with gusts up not specified, while maximum 1-minute sustained winds are at 105 knots (195 km/h; 120 mph). The minimum central barometric pressure is 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) and the system moving west-southwest at 7 knots (13 km/h; 8.1 mph).

For the latest official information see:

Moderate Tropical Storm Fezile

Moderate tropical storm (MFR)
Subtropical storm (SSHWS)
 
Duration16 February (Entered basin) – 18 February
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
980 hPa (mbar)

On 16 February, Tropical Low 19U moved into the basin from the Australian region, and was reclassified as Zone of Disturbed Weather 06. Then the JTWC issued a TCFA on the system stating that it could intensify but was eventually cancelled by the next day due to encountering with low sea surface temperatures. Contrary to it, the MFR named the system as Fezile as it peaked as a moderate tropical storm. On 18 February, the MFR stopped tracking the system as it reached farther latitudes and became extratropical.

Storm names

Within the South-West Indian Ocean, tropical depressions and subtropical depressions that are judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph) by the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center on Réunion island, France (RSMC La Réunion) are usually assigned a name. However, it is the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Centers in Mauritius and Madagascar who name the systems. The Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Mauritius Meteorological Services) in Mauritius names a storm should it intensify into a moderate tropical storm between 55°E and 90°E. If instead a cyclone intensifies into a moderate tropical storm between 30°E and 55°E then the Sub-Regional Tropical Cyclone Advisory Center (Madagascar Meteorological Services) in Madagascar assigns the appropriate name to the storm. Storm names are taken from three pre-determined lists of names, which rotate on a triennial basis, with any names that have been used automatically removed. Therefore, all storm names used this year will be removed from the rotation and replaced with a new name for the 2024–25 season, while the unused names will remain on the list.[70] New names this season are: Ana, Batsirai, Cliff, Dumako, Emnati, Fezile, Gombe, Halima, Issa, Jasmine, Karim, and Letlama. They replaced Alcide, Bouchra, Cilida, Desmond, Eketsang, Funani, Gelena, Haleh, Idai, Joaninha, Kenneth, and Lorna after the 2018–19 season.

  • Ana
  • Batsirai
  • Cliff
  • Dumako
  • Emnati (active)
  • Fezile
  • Gombe (unused)
  • Halima (unused)
  • Issa (unused)
  • Jasmine (unused)
  • Karim (unused)
  • Letlama (unused)
  • Maipelo (unused)
  • Njazi (unused)
  • Oscar (unused)
  • Pamela (unused)
  • Quentin (unused)
  • Rajab (unused)
  • Savana (unused)
  • Themba (unused)
  • Uyapo (unused)
  • Viviane (unused)
  • Walter (unused)
  • Xangy (unused)
  • Yemurai (unused)
  • Zanele (unused)

Season effects

This table lists all of the tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones that were monitored during the 2021–2022 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season. Information on their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, primarily comes from RSMC La Réunion. Death and damage reports come from either press reports or the relevant national disaster management agency while the damage totals are given in 2021 or 2022 USD.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Ana 20 – 25 January Moderate tropical storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Mauritius, Madagascar, Mozambique, South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Zambia Unknown 115 [19]
Batsirai 24 January – 8 February Intense tropical cyclone 195 km/h (120 mph) 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) Mauritius, Réunion, Madagascar > $53.3 million 123 [71][72]
Cliff 3 – 5 February Moderate tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) None None None
Dumako 10 – 18 February Moderate tropical storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Madagascar, Mozambique Unknown 6 [73]
Emnati 15 February – Present Tropical cyclone 155 km/h (100 mph) 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) Mauritius None None
Fezile 16 – 18 February Moderate tropical storm 75 km/h (45 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None None None
Season aggregates
6 systems 20 January – Season ongoing 195 km/h (120 mph) 934 hPa (27.58 inHg) > $53.3 million 254

See also

References

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