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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Carletteyt (talk | contribs) at 19:21, 17 May 2022. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

April 2022 (3)

Stop hand
Your ability to edit this talk page has been revoked as an administrator has identified your talk page edits as inappropriate and/or disruptive.

(block log • active blocks • global blocks • autoblocks • contribs • deleted contribs • abuse filter log • creation log • change block settings • unblock • checkuser (log))

If you think there are good reasons for being unblocked, you should read the guide to appealing blocks, then contact administrators by submitting a request to the Unblock Ticket Request System.
Please note that there could be appeals to the unblock ticket request system that have been declined leading to the post of this notice.

 -- LuK3 (Talk) 16:15, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

  • Carletteyt, unfortunately I had to revoke your talk page access. Numerous editors above have warned you about your disruptive editing however it seems you did not listen, whether on purpose or not. Right now, your best bet is to follow the standard offer if you want to get unblocked. Courtesy ping to Ad Orientem, the original blocking administrator. -- LuK3 (Talk) 16:28, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
  • Carletteyt do not attempt to evade your block. You will only get blocked again and it will make it much harder, if not impossible, for you to request a WP:STANDARDOFFER unblock sometime in the future. DO NOT DO THAT AGAIN. -Ad Orientem (talk) 17:22, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
  • @LuK3: what is your rationale for revoking access to his talk page? IMO none of his edits here amount to disruptive or inappropriate. Having the ability to discuss with some of his mentors could be paramount him being a future productive editor, and this action removes that ability. Iamreallygoodatcheckers (talk) 04:26, 27 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
    Because Carletteyt is a timesink? Or something, I don't know. Viewer719/Contribs! 08:46, 27 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
    I believe User:Viewer719's comment above is a borderline personal attack, though I acknowledge their point and very much appreciate their BOLD. I suggest if Viewer719 does indeed have ambition to achieve extended-confirmed status, I'll suggest they not add cruel comments on a random user's talk page. I'd suggest working on page space, not kicking an editor when they're down, in front of admins (who might block you over only slightly worse comments). I do appreciate the illustration I can utilize later. BusterD (talk) 09:02, 27 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
    Ahem. For my part I don't have any issue with the removal of talk page privileges; I trust other admins to make space, pass the ball, and take shots appropriately. Sometime a person needs jolt to get attention, and that's why I was urging a short block. I was wrong and indef is correct here. If the user will calm down and gather some anticipation, they might learn something by reading the lessons I'm envisioning. When they stop struggling, I can help. I've got time and they seem to be motivated, energetic and intelligent. If Viewer719's opinion holds up, I'm out very little. I've been thinking about ArbCom principles for a while now. Time to explore them out loud. BusterD (talk) 09:32, 27 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I'm not Luke but Iamreallygoodatcheckers the relevant information that resulted in this TPA being revoked is a combination of useless appeals where he misses the point and oversighted material that isn't any of our business. PRAXIDICAE💕 18:25, 27 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Iamreallygoodatcheckers, basically what Praxidicae stated above. The biggest reason for talk page access revocation was the suppressed edit, which I will not go into. That coupled with their multiple declined unblock requests shows that they do not get the point of why they were blocked in the first place. -- LuK3 (Talk) 00:05, 28 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Per my offer of mentoring below, I request that User:LuK3 relax talk page restrictions beginning at 14:00 UTC on May 1, 2022. I will only need them relaxed for two hours, but if the user agrees to accept a mentoring in lieu of blocking I'll request that talk page privileges be restored thereafter. At first we'll stay here on their talk, and if this progresses I'll request draft space access then. I expect this to take several weeks BEFORE draftspace becomes available. BusterD (talk) 17:36, 28 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I would be willing to reinstate talk page access however if there is any indication of block evasion or any other disruption, I will revoke talk page access and propose a site ban per WP:THREESTRIKES. -- LuK3 (Talk) 11:08, 29 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

You have been blocked and have had your talk page access revoked

This means that now you can only read what I write, or you can ignore it. The choice is yours. I hope you stay. One thing. Don't create another account or try to edit logged out. You will be spotted and blocked again quickly. The people who do that sort of thing are really good at it. Give that thought up now. They are not mad at you and I am not mad, perhaps disappointed. You can prove you are reading this by NOT trying to edit from another account and get blocked. I will know.

What do I do now?

I'm going to tell you some things. I am going to give you some reading assignments. Many of them we'll read together here, if you like. I can only hope you choose to read what I write and try to do what I ask. If you follow my instructions over the next month or so, I will request you be allowed to work in draft space, under my supervision only, while we continue to learn. I you agree, then don't try to log in or go around the system. If I see that behavior, I will stop posting here. Remember, don't edit while logged out, don't create new account. That will mean you agree.

Understand? Good. We'll start right away. BusterD (talk) 19:06, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I strongly urge you to follow BusterD's kind advice and direction. If you do so, I would support your unblock at some point in the future. BusterD is trying really hard to ensure you become a valued and productive member of the Wikipedia community. --Yamla (talk) 19:34, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I concur. Follow BusterD's advice and I will restore your talk page access in a week or two as the first step towards your eventually being unblocked. -Ad Orientem (talk) 21:24, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]
And we're socking. Not getting the point. I'll cover this in the lesson tomorrow. BusterD (talk) 21:27, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Purpose of Wikipedia

"The purpose of Wikipedia is to create a high-quality, free-content encyclopedia in an atmosphere of camaraderie and mutual respect among contributors. Contributors whose actions are detrimental to that goal may be asked to refrain from them, even when these actions are undertaken in good faith; and good faith actions, where disruptive, may still result in sanctions." Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Portals#Purpose_of_Wikipedia, Passed 15 to 0 at 21:46, 29 January 2020 (UTC)

There are many versions but they all say the same thing. This means we are all here for the same reason. To make a book. The biggest book you can imagine. A book so gigantic it will never be complete. A book which lists everything a human being needs to know about every topic. A book written in every language. A book which is free to everyone who can find it. One of the most important books ever written. And you were editing it.

I take that seriously. And so do my many friends.

If you feel mad right now because you were blocked, I feel your pain because I was blocked once myself. But you were blocked because you were interfering with the Purpose of Wikipedia, not because you were making mistakes. The people you want to help, my friends the wikipedians, had to spent time on you and your disruptive edits. That was taking them away from making the book. Do you think mankind should have a book like the one we're all building together? If you do, read The Five Pillars of Wikipedia. Don't just go there, read it. Read it again. Click on every link and read every one. Then go back to The Five Pillars, and read it again.

I'll be back tomorrow. BusterD (talk) 19:44, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Sockpuppetry

The general rule is one editor, one account. The creation or use of an additional account or IP address to conceal an editing history, to evade a block or a site ban, or to deceive the community, is prohibited. Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Lightbreather#Sockpuppetry, Passed 12 to 0 at 02:57, 17 July 2015 (UTC)

Since you've chosen to break with my recommendations, I will not present a lesson tomorrow. Every time you break the rules, I will not give a lesson.

Sockpuppetry is one of the worst mistakes some users will make on Wikipedia. Read about it. Editing under multiple accounts is really bad, People who do this are telling me they don't care about the pillars and the policies which spring from them. Without policy, we don't have time to create the book. So you've disappointed a number of people today including yourself. I'm not mad, but because of your actions I choose not to help you tomorrow. I will give a lesson on Thursday, IF YOU STAY OFF WIKIPEDIA UNTIL THEN. If not, I have better ways to serve. BusterD (talk) 21:48, 26 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Treatment of new editors

Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers, an important guideline, reminds us that "Wikipedia articles are improved through the hard work of both regular editors and newcomers. Remember: all of us were new editors at Wikipedia once.... New members are prospective contributors and are therefore Wikipedia's most valuable resource. We must treat newcomers with kindness and patience—nothing scares potentially valuable contributors away faster than hostility. It is very unlikely for a newcomer to be completely familiar with Wikipedia's markup language and its myriad of policies, guidelines, and community standards when they start editing...".

Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/RHaworth#Treatment of new editors; Passed 14 to 0 at 05:36, 1 February 2020 (UTC)

Why am I trying to help you even when you are blocked?

The fourth pillar is respect and civility. We demonstrate respect to others because it is their due. We act kindly to each other because manifesting such trust is a superior platform to help us write our book. It's always about the book. Nothing is more important here. Plus, none of us knows when "our great gettin' up mornin'" is gonna be. I can only speak for myself, but I prefer to be treated as a person, not as an objective, a tool, a data point, an anecdote. As a wikipedian, I'm a serious person doing serious work. In my seriousness, sometimes I get over focussed and need a friend to remind me I am mortal and all glory is fleeting.

Needing a friend involves having friends to count on. Some folks keep their own company, and I've been that guy. On Wikipedia, you will meet people. You can't avoid it. Some of them will be kind and others will not. For me making true wikifriends is one of my stronger motivations for staying. I have noticed that not everyone who tries to edit Wikipedia is great at it. Twenty years ago, nobody was an expert here. I turn wiki-17 in July. It's possible you are making fun of me by your edits, maybe you're trying to cause trouble, perhaps you have been dishonest with me. I choose to assume good faith. I choose to believe I'm helping a wikipedian who hasn't found their voice quite yet.

I'm helping you because it's the right thing to do. And that's how me and my friends roll. Call me naive, but just sign your post with four tildes.

Another lesson soon. BusterD (talk) 10:27, 28 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Mentorship and similar arrangements

In certain limited circumstances, formal mentorship and similar voluntary and involuntary arrangements, may be suitable to provide advice and support to people involved in disputes, or needing advice on how to work collaboratively on Wikipedia. The long-term aim of such arrangements should be for those involved to improve their conduct and work collaboratively without the need, or with a reduced need, for such advice. Such mentorships or similar arrangements may be agreed to as an alternative to more serious remedies, such as bans or paroles, or they may be an end result of the dispute resolution process itself. Users may voluntarily place themselves under such arrangements, or be placed under such arrangements by the community, or by a ruling of the Arbitration Committee. Any such formal arrangements should be recorded and documented in an appropriate place.

People learn in different modalities. Some best get material through reading, some pickup quicker with visuals, charts and descriptive images. I like things explained to me. Because there are so many possible ways of learning, it's useful to try several to see what works best for you. I like the mentor-mentee relationships. I choose to exercise my behavior based on models which which work for others. I look to editors I admire, usually people who have demonstrated trust in me.

While most of us try to keep our real-life identities quiet, it's not because we are afraid of outing (a real concern especially for youngsters). I choose to use a pen-name, a Wikipedia-only name, to keep my focus on principles, not personalities (I think this is a twelve-step thing.) I'm not here for the glory or any merit badges; I'm here for the labor, the work. In this, I reveal my idealism, which I think a healthy approach (again, especially for youngsters).

So I am here. I am offering to mentor you. I am qualified and I am willing. I will teach, and you will learn. My mentorship is offered as a way OUT of your indefinite block. If you agree, you will be compelled to act under my supervision. That means if you choose to act in a flakey manner, it will reflect badly on ME. If you choose not to agree, that's okay too. This may not be the time.

We will start by requesting returning your ability to edit your talk page. I will request your talk page access be returned for a very limited time, for two hours. The door will open and it will be closed again. This will happen this Sunday May 1, between 14:00 and 16:00 UTC, the time of the week when you have been most active. I have no assurances my request will be granted, but under the terms of a mentorship, I suspect I can gain the support of the blocking admin and the broader group of interested parties.

What we will accomplish in those two hours is up to you, but I have one objective: that you say whether or not you will abide by my rules in a mentorship agreement. If we agree, I will ask your talk page access restored again, with no time restriction.

You will need to still yourself. I will find little things to do which allow you to contribute, but you would ONLY be able to edit your talk page and in draft space.

I see you are interested in the field of autism. I see you have created a draft article about Jacob Barnett. If you agree with our mentorship, you and I will work on that article together, remaining in draft space only. Getting such an article to main space will be a challenge; it has been previously deleted. Reading the older version of the article, the one deleted, and adding newer sources (and there seem a large number) we may be able to publish this page again.

This will be our first project. Through doing projects together, you will learn how to get along and use your smarts for good, not mere experimentation. It will not be easy. You will have to control your own impulses and that's a challenge for every human.

Think about this. This offer is not a stick of candy or a toy, this is more like getting the keys to a used car--the responsibilities sometimes outweigh the benefits. I will meet you here this Sunday.

Signal your willingness by NOT socking. Understand? Good. More lessons to follow. BusterD (talk) 17:07, 28 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Today I'm disappointed in myself

And that can happen to the best of us even on our best days. My work schedule escalated and I was unable to produce the lesson this morning. Too tired and not enough time. I could just post something, but I want to be able to be honest with you when we communicate, and I have a reason for introducing these lessons in order. I'll be back later tonight and will produce the next lessons I want to cover before Sunday at 14:00 UTC. BusterD (talk) 20:50, 29 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Administrators and leading by example

Administrators are trusted members of the community, and are expected to perform their duties to the best of their abilities; to behave in a respectful and civil manner in their interactions with others; to follow Wikipedia policies; to lead by example; and to learn from experience and from justified criticisms of their actions. Occasional mistakes are entirely compatible with adminship; administrators are not expected to be perfect.

Administrators are human beings, not bots. We select our admin corps from the universal set of all wikipedians. People just like you. We breathe, we eat, we sleep, we take positions, we make mistakes. The process for selecting Wikipedia administrators is necessarily restrictive. As of this date stamp, there's a request for adminship which has gone south for an otherwise acceptable candidate because she made statements and holds positions with which a number of wikipedians justifiably disagree. My even mentioning that process here (in what I consider a private conversation) may have an impact there. We're human; much is connected beyond our powers to understand and predict.

The community is not handing out advanced permissions to just anybody. Wikipedians deserve responsible mature adults as referees in dispute. This is not an age thing; this is a trustworthiness thing. Requests for advanced permissions from new editors are refused. If a contributor hasn't demonstrated they are here to build an encyclopedia, they should have no reason to expect additional tools (although the tools available to non-admins are formidable).

Administrators are expected to lead by example and to behave in a respectful, civil manner in their interactions with others. While such an ideal applies to interactions with all editors, it is particularly relevant to interactions with newer and inexperienced users, as in those cases, administrators provide a public face to both the broader administrative corps and to Wikipedia as a whole.

This need for trustworthiness applies to all of us. As an administrator selected by the community, I have a responsibility to try harder to do the right thing every time. In spite of my best efforts and best intentions, I often fall short of my own expectations, much less the community's. When the community fails to trust me, my advanced permissions and tools are useless. Trust is my only armor and my only true instrument.

Stop asking. Stop pleading. Don't complain about it. Please stop saying you're sorry and asking for another chance. Stop now. You've got to demonstrate trust and trustworthiness first. You're not there yet. This is no slam on you; this is just me speaking to you honestly.

Another lesson before tomorrow's talk. As homework I'd like you to go over to Wikipedia:Arbitration/Index/Principles and read a bit. Look at the subjects and pick out three which would help you understand Wikipedia better. When we talk tomorrow, you'll point out where I can educate further. BusterD (talk) 17:10, 30 April 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Neutral point of view

All Wikipedia articles must be written from a neutral point of view, with all relevant points of view represented in reasonable proportion to their importance and relevance to the subject-matter of the article. Undue weight should not be given to aspects that are peripheral to the topic. Original research and synthesized claims are prohibited. Use of a Wikipedia article for advocacy or promotion, either in favor of or against an individual, institution, or idea that is the subject of the article, is prohibited.

When we discussed the Purpose of Wikipedia, we talked about the book. It's a lofty goal, creating a book which details every important subject known to humankind. Building and improving the book is the only reason we're all gathered here. That means we not only need to do the physical writing, editing, illustrating, but we need to perform all that work while keeping all our work neutral, as best we can. It is perfectly fine that we ourselves have biases, preferences, tendencies. Humans are like that. We are not perfect creatures. But humans can strive. We can wish. We can desire. We can advocate. These are good things and part of what makes each of us unique and possible. It is unavoidable we will make choices which reflect our personal views. We should neither hide this or be ashamed of this.

Creating a book completely free of biases is impossible. The more isolated we find ourselves, the more likely our personal preferences will be reflected in our work. It is only through the collaboration between each other that we may if we are very careful, reflect a neutral, encyclopedic view and produce work which will endure. When I edit and click the submit button, I accept that others will come along and change what I've written. This was an eye-opener for me. Sometimes I have written an article or section of one in which I left an intentional error, like I was fishing for a helper, looking for a writing partner, hoping someone would correct it. I'm not looking for a fight; I just like the clash of ideas.

The system of trusting other editors and permitting them to help and correct is fundamental to what we do here. Learning to trust is important; bringing your best game is crucial. I try to learn from the corrections and different choices made by others. I embrace those changes. I feel validated when others help my work to improve. It causes me to trust others more fully.

Working towards a book with a neutral point of view is like skating on the edge of a knife, balancing, hanging on, not falling. Sharing that worthy struggle with others, that's a blast, that's invigorating, exhilarating; that's more fun than I deserve. I love it. BusterD (talk) 14:03, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Will you abide by my mentorship agreement?

I teach, you learn. Do you agree? BusterD (talk) 14:10, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

You may talk Talk is closed

I must apologize for the delay; communications between human beings is always more complicated than it might be. At this moment, if you wish, you can talk on this page only. BusterD (talk) 16:22, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

@BusterD i didn't talk before because i can't Carletteyt (talk) 16:33, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
@BusterD was locked i'm in street but in a short time i'm gonna stay home Carletteyt (talk) 16:33, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
@BusterD please i want to start with you now when i arrive home i talk you again okey Carletteyt (talk) 16:34, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I've got to run to the market but will be back shortly. I'm excited to see you are willing to give this another try. Are you following my lessons? Does it make more sense now? BusterD (talk) 16:40, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I want to star the draft about Jacob Barnett and you shold add lock symbol to Martin Scorsese
Thanks you for your pacience Carletteyt (talk) 17:05, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Yes i´m taking your lessons correctly. Carletteyt (talk) 17:11, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Carletteyt, please concentrate on BusterD's work with you. Don't ask him to make edits for you as your proxy. As long as you are blocked, such actions by him are forbidden. -- Valjean (talk) (PING me) 17:18, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Okey thanks you for information Carletteyt (talk) 17:22, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Our friend Valjean is quite correct. Making requests of me is not the agreement. I teach, you learn. I demonstrate, you try. That is what you're agreeing to. I will help you write formal English better, and perhaps one day you can help me learn to write Español better. I will show you what kinds of edits work well, and what kinds don't. You seem to show knack for repetitive action so we'll learn together ways of using that talent to your advantage. You learn not only how to find reliable sources but how to cite them correctly. When you have shown me you can perform the tasks I give you, we will practice the skills over and over; we will identify places on Wikipedia where these skills will be useful, but we will not edit them yet. I will show you forbearance, and you will show me respect. That is the agreement. Demonstrate you agree by writing your response simply and correctly spelled, capitalized, and punctuated. Try. Are we clear? Get right back to me, the clock is ticking for both of us. BusterD (talk) 17:33, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Of course, i try to make a better place Wikipedia and only your decision of better english talk.
But among us can start editing Jacob Barnett.
Please Carletteyt (talk) 17:37, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Sorry i´m going to spell: O F C O U R S E, I T R Y TO M A K E A B E T T E R P L A C E W I K I P E D I A A N D O N L Y Y O U R D E C I S I O N O F B E T T E R E N G L I S H T A L K.
B U T A M O N G U S C A N S T A R T E D I T I N G J A C O B B A R N E T T.
P L E A S E. Carletteyt (talk) 17:50, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
T R Y Carletteyt (talk) 18:00, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
yes we are going to star editing together. Carletteyt (talk) 18:02, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Being silly is not the agreement. I'm not touching the draft. I set that as a lofty goal we might get to in several weeks. Now you're typing in a style designed to elicit some effect in me. You're making fun of the lessons I'm giving you. I'm not impressed. Our two hours are almost up. I'll let you know when we'll turn talk back on. No more begging and pleading. If you keep at it, I'll just add more lessons and not interact with you for a while. We haven't even gotten to the quizzes.... BusterD (talk) 18:03, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

No dude i promise that i wasn´t joking i was hurry but i didn´t understand the reason please sorry you are the unique person that helped me please i feel sad sorry Carletteyt (talk) 18:05, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
You can add a table to Jacob Barnett draft Carletteyt (talk) 18:06, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
With his studies, date of born and birthplace too his early life and now. Carletteyt (talk) 18:07, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I'm sorry busterd I want to tell you that I appreciate you very much and that my intention was not to make you angry please forgive me keep helping me I'm a child full of curiosity and I need a guide help this ship without a sail to go on the right path Carletteyt (talk) 18:09, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
serve as the main source for millions of users on topics of great universality and complete this book in community and I want to be in it. It is the book of books, it is the father of science, cinema, music, art, history... Exciting topics! It is our mark that we leave here and it is important to pay attention to everyone because one of the most important values ​​is respect for everyone, the latter is fundamental and to build this encyclopedia to make the human race more intelligent and learn from the mistakes that we commit here Before he said it, he did not know the true purpose of Wikipedia and has taught it to a curious child that fellowship is the key. Thank you for seriously being my mentor and helping me fulfill my dream Carletteyt (talk) 18:16, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Every once in a while you surprise me. There are some fine sentiments expressed above. Maybe you could be a wikipedian, if you paid more attention and didn't dance around so. re: your comment below, don't feel alone, being way ahead in some subjects and being targeted by boys who didn't live in their own heads as much as we. I'm already working on the next lesson. Remember, if you sock or edit logged out, I'll know. BusterD (talk) 18:53, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
And i will be so happy if this article about Jacob Barnett is finally accepted because feel identified with this boy, in my free time i´m constantly doing physics´ phormulas, the school was forever a really bored place for me, the subjects results easy and i forever treated to be autodidact just pretend all my life be with adults or kids more old than me.
Was a challenge for bullying, etc.
I find my place in world here and i wish include this another boy in Wikipedia with the correct sources. Carletteyt (talk) 18:22, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
You are choosing to avoid my question. I'll see you next week. The next time I restore talk will be between 16:00 and 18:00 UTC Sunday May 8, 2022.
  • Question: What will you say about the "Purpose of Wikipedia"?
    • Answer: (type here)

Not an adminstrator, however...

Hello there. I have noticed that you have been blocked from the English Wikipedia, as well as having had your talk page access revoked. Now, I shall give you the standard offer: 1) go half a year without editing on the English Wikipedia 2) edit on another Wikipedia (I suggest the Simple English Wikipedia, for it is a lot less complicated than this Wikipedia) 3) using the WP:UTRS, show them that you can edit constructively, prove it to them using your SEWP logs as proof, and then promise to never again create a sockpuppet that is for evading your block.

Cheers! Fakescientist8000 14:58, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

This week the lesson is different and not based in policy

When I was a very young man we went to a play one Sunday afternoon at a community theater. It was a very funny show and afterwards we stayed and helped strike the set, move props back to storage, disassemble the flats and sweep and mop the bare thrust stage. Then everyone including the cast met in the greenroom and had a little celebration. My friend Wes and I felt an accepted part of the production, as if we'd been working backstage the entire run. We were invited back to volunteer for the next show, a dazzling musical about Jacques Brel. The theater complex was a place of magic, with the larger thrust for big productions, a more intimate arena stage for smaller ones, and a large rehearsal complex for auditions and study.

We painted flats, we used skills recently learned in woodshop class, we swept the floor a lot.

One day Wes and I had some extra time and we were farting around in the arena house, and we came across the soda dispenser. He being the mischievous one, he started pressing the various levers and enjoying watching the soda come out, not drinking any. I joined in, generally wasting money and making a mess.

The technical director, Robert, walked up behind us and in a trained theatrical voice boomed: "Gentlemen!" We were busted. We froze. "Come here!" he commanded. We respected the guy but were suddenly overawed by Robert's vocal power. "Why are you here?" he demanded, "Why are you here?" They were ambiguous questions but they required of us much. Why were we at the coke machine? Why were we in the arena instead of returning to the shop? Why was I at the theater complex anyway, besides enjoying time working backstage and hanging with my friend. It seemed like I had to make a decision and make it at that exact moment.

"I'm here to volunteer," said it.

"Volunteering doesn't mean doing what you want," Robert commented. "If you are here, you follow MY rules. If you can't, then you can go home. We are serving "theater", and we aren't your babysitters."

I felt bad. I really liked being a part of that situation and wanted to continue. I wanted to serve "theater." It seemed so lofty. That it might be taken from me was something I hadn't considered.

The next day Wes didn't show but I went to the theater anyway. I just went to work. Did what I was told. Never left.

I learned to hang and adjust ellipsoidals and fresnels, how the various connectors made connections reliable, how to patch the right circuits and test them, how to warm the board and work inside the booth during the show, how to operate the follow spot. How to do technical theater work in a way that was largely invisible. Robert moved on to another company and the new TD was Roger. I didn't like him as much but I had already learned my lesson.

Roger become another mentor to me. I ended up with five summers of stock theater before graduating with a theater degree. Sixty bucks a week working for Dale. Getting PAID to do what I would do for free. Changed my life.

Years later I learned Robert had taken his own life. I might have asked myself, "Why was HE here?"

But I knew.

Unlocking talk page privileges. BusterD (talk) 16:07, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

OMG i´m sorry for death of Robert but all of these true?
started being an inmaturity kid, no problem, but with the time you learnt that it´s neccesary make a effort to get good things. Carletteyt (talk) 16:12, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

You may talk 2

Why are you here? BusterD (talk) 16:10, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Yes of course i can Carletteyt (talk) 16:14, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Carletteyt (talk) 16:16, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Where am i? I feel confused with this question Carletteyt (talk) 16:16, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
If your question is why i am in Wikipedia is because i love knowledge and a lot of topics about science.
Too is for edit and contribute to this big book.
But i think that we talked about this last week. Carletteyt (talk) 16:20, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Glad to see you're still interested. I did talk about this last week but I'm not sure what I'm seeing from you. I have asked you to discuss the purpose of Wikipedia but haven't seen you write an answer where the question was asked. What is purpose of Wikipedia? BusterD (talk) 16:26, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Capitalize your "I"s please. BusterD (talk) 16:27, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Please don't treat this like a chat with multiple threads. Read my question and respond. Then wait. BusterD (talk) 16:28, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Carletteyt (talk) 16:32, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

serve as the main source for millions of users on topics of great universality and complete this book in community and I want to be in it. It is the book of books, it is the father of science, cinema, music, art, history... Exciting topics! It is our mark that we leave here and it is important to pay attention to everyone because one of the most important values ​​is respect for everyone, the latter is fundamental and to build this encyclopedia to make the human race more intelligent and learn from the mistakes that we commit here Before he said it, he did not know the true purpose of Wikipedia and has taught it to a curious child that fellowship is the key. Thank you for seriously being my mentor and helping me fulfill my dream, this is my responseCarletteyt (talk) 16:29, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

When you post multiple times in a row, you're interrupting me. BusterD (talk) 16:35, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Sorry dude Carletteyt (talk) 16:37, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
No worries. I liked your answer. BusterD (talk) 16:39, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
How many weeks left to start working in my draft about Jacob Barnett?
Which aspects you want to get better before this? Carletteyt (talk) 16:41, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Do you see why I told my personal story today? How does it relate to the Purpose of Wikipedia? BusterD (talk) 16:42, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Yes i learnt that we need a maturity and it´s important be conciousness of our own actions in some activity that we love. Carletteyt (talk) 16:43, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Can you edit User talk:Carletteyt/Sandbox1? BusterD (talk) 16:46, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

No dude Carletteyt (talk) 16:47, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I was trying to find us a workspace which is allowed under the terms of your block. Technically, it's not my block so I can't merely reverse it or adjust it myself. I have been granted permission by the blocking admin to relax your talk page restriction for the purpose of our conversation. Under normal circumstances we would work in personal sandbox space and THEN draft space. BusterD (talk) 16:51, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
But we can or not? Carletteyt (talk) 16:52, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Do me a favor. Look at my story, the one I posted today, and wiki link a few terms which might improve the story, things that you might need to look up. I'll give you a few minutes. Try to stick to the most important ones. I am giving you permission to edit my story. Okay? BusterD (talk) 16:54, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Yes i do Carletteyt (talk) 16:55, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Keep going. I don't agree with everything you've changed but you are definitely catching on. BusterD (talk) 17:05, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Are you editing on a mobile device or computer? BusterD (talk) 17:06, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Computer Carletteyt (talk) 17:12, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks. Me too. This is much tougher via mobile, I think. (which IS a problem) Try to avoid editing the text itself unless you find an error (I see a missing word in the second sentence, a small word). Good call on flats and ellipsoidal. What's a fresnel? BusterD (talk) 17:15, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I finished my work Carletteyt (talk) 17:27, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
What if I disagreed with what you'd done? How could I go backwards to look? Does the work "diff" mean something to you? BusterD (talk) 17:37, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Yes means the text´s parts that we have to differ Carletteyt (talk) 17:40, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

A diff is a way to easily compare versions of any page's history. It's an important tool which allows us to convey a complicated subject to others. Here's a diff which allows you to see the change I made today to add the story. Page history is very important in creating our book, because this way we can see attribution. BusterD (talk) 17:46, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Note that a diff is a full webpage link, whereas a wikilink just contains on-wiki material. BusterD (talk) 17:48, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Thanks for information Carletteyt (talk) 17:54, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
When you will sove the draft´s problem? Carletteyt (talk) 17:55, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I have some family stuff to do today (in the US this is Mother's Day). Is Sunday morning good for you? If we do this another two weeks I'll request draftspace UNDER MY SUPERVISION. I need you to ask yourself why you are here, why YOU want to edit wikipedia. If you can be of help then you are welcome. If you become troublesome I won't be able to help you. Understand? BusterD (talk) 17:58, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Yes man have a nice day Carletteyt (talk) 18:04, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

See you next week at the same time. Appreciate your efforts. We're going to get you some success. I can see you want it. BusterD (talk) 18:06, 8 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

We can talk

Today we're going to look at an existing article. I'd like you to look at Autism, since this seems to be a subject which interests you. BusterD (talk) 16:15, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Ok Carletteyt (talk) 16:16, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
I am glad to see your date stamp. I have refactored your comment by adding a colon (:). I know you know how to do this in order to help with thread reading, but I wanted to make you aware of the word "refactor" which in the case of Wikipedia mean changing another person's comments. Normally refactoring another user's comment is not acceptable wikipedia behavior. Learning to work with others is one of the challenges of being on a collaborative platform like this. BusterD (talk) 16:21, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
What makes my refactoring acceptable is that I clearly meant no harm, and I announced my action either in edit summary or in body text. Notice on Autism there are tags at the top which refer to an impending merge. What does that mean? We'll be talking about that and other issues without actually editing the page. We'll look there, we'll talk here. Clear? BusterD (talk) 16:24, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Sorry Carletteyt (talk) 16:25, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

By using the outdent template I can maintain a long thread without starting a new subthread. Do you follow? Looking at the pages, can you find a link to the merge discussion itself? BusterD (talk) 16:28, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Yes dude Carletteyt (talk) 16:31, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I don´t understand Carletteyt (talk) 16:36, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Pelase i want to start right now Carletteyt (talk) 16:40, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I hear your frustration. I'm asking you to look at the autism page, observe the tags at the topic, and find the link to the merge discussion. The top tags tells us this page is about to be merged into Autistic Spectrum. The last few words "the discussion" is linked to the merge discussion. Please go to that discussion. It helps me to have the page under discussion in one window and this talk page in another window. BusterD (talk) 16:44, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
As an incentive, if you join me here NEXT weekend after my lesson I will ask for us to be able to work in draft space again. Please stay with me today. We will be making edits, but only here. BusterD (talk) 16:46, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
When you work with me in an orderly manner, you are demonstrating to other wikipedians you can be trusted. You have stacked the deck against yourself so far, and we're trying to let others besides myself see you as an asset, not a hindrance. BusterD (talk) 16:48, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Of course my wish is continue editing. Carletteyt (talk) 16:49, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I’m not an obstacle. Carletteyt (talk) 16:50, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Did you find the discussion? I'd like your opinion. BusterD (talk) 16:52, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
If I need to I will post the link here but this isn't tricky in any way. BusterD (talk) 16:53, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
? BusterD (talk) 16:56, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Is this lesson frustrating to you or are you afk? BusterD (talk) 17:00, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

(Edit conflict) I will continue without your response. How many participants are in this discussion? Who are they? What do the links of these users and their user talk pages say about them, their expertise, their experience? Do you fully follow the conversation? Some of it is way over MY head, I'll confess. BusterD (talk) 17:08, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Yes i’m enjoying us but i need to know when we are going to start editing about autism and another subject i love is astronomy and string theory, actually i am with a friend editing a document about time travel and worm holes. I love physics too Carletteyt (talk) 17:05, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Link to the discussion. BusterD (talk) 17:09, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I’m still interesed in create the article about Jacob Barnett. Carletteyt (talk) 17:10, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

That's after next week. Answer my questions and we'll move to another subject matter of your choice. The point I'm making isn't actually on the page, but on the talk page. BusterD (talk) 17:14, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

@busterD i’ m following conversation , i learnt about outdent and refactor. Carletteyt (talk) 17:14, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Use {{ping|BusterD}} which codes out to @BusterD:. Being able to ping another is a useful tool but don't ever abuse the ping because it's not for shouting, just drawing attention where it is needed. You are still non-responsive to my questions about the talk page discussion. I need your impression. BusterD (talk) 17:18, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Here's the thing. I want you to be able to use draftspace, and you'd like to use draft space, but if you decline to respond to my direct questions we have an unsolvable problem which will prevent us from continuing. BusterD (talk) 17:21, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

@BusterD i did read about discussion page of autism spectrum Carletteyt (talk) 17:22, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I just read about discussion page of autism spectrum sorry for gramatical error. Carletteyt (talk) 17:25, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I can tip you off that one of my points today is that we're dealing with many many different wikipedians and some of these are quite expert in their content field. So if you edit a page about a very visible topic, you'll be forced to deal with those editors as kindly as you've dealt with me. This requires the ability to read discussions and follow them. Reading is basic to writing. We can't touch the second without mastering the first. BusterD (talk) 17:26, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
@Busterd i need help i don´t know questions i have to answer Carletteyt (talk) 17:40, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Sorry i didn’ t find yogur questions Carletteyt (talk) 17:28, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Today when you and I are finished, I'm going to try something different. I'm going to leave your talk page access ON. This means you will be able to do anything you want ON YOUR OWN TALK PAGE ONLY. Please do not ping anybody. I will come back to look from time to time but on your own page you should be able to do what you want. We will also archive all this older talk, so that your all page is cleaner and still retains all content for others to read if they look. Does that sound good to you? BusterD (talk) 17:40, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Permanently? Carletteyt (talk) 17:41, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Yes looks like good :) Carletteyt (talk) 17:43, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Permanently, if you can act wisely in your own user space and not be disruptive. You can fiddle around, try things, copy things and work with them but ONLY on this page. Please do not copy entire articles, but sections of articles. When we paste a copy of an existing article into our talk space, it may carry links to things like categories which don't live well in the wrong space. If you can demonstrate good behavior HERE, where you have total control as a user, I will petition for use to open the restriction to Userspace, which will allow us to try things and learn the use of tools. This is because you have shown me and other page watchers you can be trusted. If you act in an untrustworthy manner, somebody else will block you and our experiment may come to a speedy close. All on you now. BusterD (talk) 17:53, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks hoy for the lesson of today i wait talk with you soon Carletteyt (talk) 17:50, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Your talk page privileges are fully restored because you have shown yourself trustworthy. Don't push the envelope.

Keeping these privileges will be entirely up to you. I urge you not act in a manner designed to draw attention to yourself. I (and others) will be watching. BusterD (talk) 18:01, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

I am pinging a few other interested users just so they can make sure there are eyes on this page when I'm not around... @Yamla:@Ad Orientem:@LuK3:@Inter:@Deepfriedokra: BusterD (talk) 18:06, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
BTW and not trying advertise my total nerd-ness, but I'm working my way through New Page Patrol volunteer training these days. Here's a link to the discussion. If you have question, make a thread here. Just so you know, this is ME, a wikipedian of moderate experience, going through training in order to help improve my skills. You are not the only person in this conversation getting asked questions or for direct feedback these days. BusterD (talk) 19:41, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Hi BusterD i need know if my new edits are correct actually about my proposed things. Carletteyt (talk) 18:03, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Edit boldly under this line

Hi Carletteyt (talk) 18:57, 15 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Which pages i could help in the page of discussion. Carletteyt (talk) 06:17, 16 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Personal life
Newell in 2002
Newell formerly suffered from Fuchs' dystrophy, a congenital disease which affects the cornea, but was cured by two cornea transplants in 2006 and 2007.[24] He married Lisa Mennet on the same day he founded Valve with Harrington.[25][26][27][4] They have two sons.[28][29] The birth of his eldest son in the late 1990s served as inspiration for the final boss of Half-Life, as the couple considered childbirth to be the most frightening thing they could think of at the time.[30] As of 2019, Newell and Mennet had divorced.[31]
In 2011, Newell said his favorite video games included Super Mario 64, Doom, and a Burroughs mainframe version of Star Trek.[32] Doom convinced him that games were the future of entertainment, and Super Mario 64 convinced him that games are a form of art.[32] Newell is a fan of the animated series My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic.[33][4] Newell also recorded a voice pack for Dota 2, a Valve-developed game, which referenced many previous statements and phrases from himself in a humorous manner.[34]
Within the gaming community, Newell has the nickname Gaben, derived from his work email address.[35] Newell said that he has tried to grow into his public image: "They hug me when they run into me. I'm not a hugging person, but that's what they want. I was with my kids the first time that happened in public, and my kids were pretty cool with it. But I wasn't. 'Dad, roll with it.' Even now, I'm learning from our customers."[36]
In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Newell resided in New Zealand with a group of friends electing to stay in Auckland rather than returning to Seattle once airlines travel restrictions were eased.[37] As an expression of gratitude for New Zealand's hospitality, Newell and others planned a free event, "We Love Aotearoa", with live performances from musical artists across New Zealand. This was accompanied by VR stands for Valve games such as Half-Life: Alyx and The Lab.[38] The event was postponed from August to December due to a lockdown induced by a second wave of COVID-19 in the country.[37][39] In October, Newell applied for permanent residency in New Zealand, but said he did not intend to take Valve offices with him.[40][41][42] In 2021, he returned to Valve in Seattle.[43] Carletteyt (talk) 06:23, 16 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
(talk page stalker) You say "we should add the wikilink of empathy" to the word hugging, that would be totally inappropriate, even if it wasn't a direct quote. Adding your own interpretation of words is not required. Theroadislong (talk) 18:43, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
You raise an interesting point, User:Theroadislong. I gave Carlos the link for Wikilink styling. We're not supposed to make misleading links, like equating empathy with one possible manifestation of empathy, a hug. We should always link directly, not "pipe" them in a "sneaky" way (my comment is not to imply that you're acting in sneaky manner, but merely pointing out the correctness of our friend's assessment of inappropriateness). Thanks for joining us, Theroadislong. We are temporarily using the talk page as a sandbox. We're hoping to get userspace permissions back someday soon so we can utilize our own sandboxes. So long as Carletteyt continues to honor our agreement, I hope to help them regain editing privileges when he's ready to use them. BusterD (talk) 18:57, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Some day i will continue editing like a normal user Carletteyt (talk) 19:01, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Someday I hope you will remember to capitalize your "i"s. BusterD (talk) 19:03, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
hahaha Carletteyt (talk) 19:03, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Was sarcastic? Carletteyt (talk) 19:04, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]
Yes, sarcasm. The last resort of a tired old man... By the way dude, nobody's stopping you from finding sources on your draft article and applying them to a list on your talk page where they can later be moved to sandbox, where we will attempt to create a draft for AfC. I think the sources are out there; we just need to curate them a bit and not bite off more than we can chew. But this is your space, so chew away! BusterD (talk) 19:07, 17 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

New section about string theory

In the AdS/CFT correspondence, the geometry of spacetime is described in terms of a certain vacuum solution of Einstein's equation called anti-de Sitter space.[6] In very elementary terms, anti-de Sitter space is a mathematical model of spacetime in which the notion of distance between points (the metric) is different from the notion of distance in ordinary Euclidean geometry. It is closely related to hyperbolic space, which can be viewed as a disk as illustrated on the left.[71] This image shows a tessellation of a disk by triangles and squares. One can define the distance between points of this disk in such a way that all the triangles and squares are the same size and the circular outer boundary is infinitely far from any point in the interior.[72]

One can imagine a stack of hyperbolic disks where each disk represents the state of the universe at a given time. The resulting geometric object is three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space.[71] It looks like a solid cylinder in which any cross section is a copy of the hyperbolic disk. Time runs along the vertical direction in this picture. The surface of this cylinder plays an important role in the AdS/CFT correspondence. As with the hyperbolic plane, anti-de Sitter space is curved in such a way that any point in the interior is actually infinitely far from this boundary surface.[72]

A cylinder formed by stacking copies of the disk illustrated in the previous figure. Three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space is like a stack of hyperbolic disks, each one representing the state of the universe at a given time. The resulting spacetime looks like a solid cylinder. This construction describes a hypothetical universe with only two space dimensions and one time dimension, but it can be generalized to any number of dimensions. Indeed, hyperbolic space can have more than two dimensions and one can "stack up" copies of hyperbolic space to get higher-dimensional models of anti-de Sitter space.[71]

An important feature of anti-de Sitter space is its boundary (which looks like a cylinder in the case of three-dimensional anti-de Sitter space). One property of this boundary is that, within a small region on the surface around any given point, it looks just like Minkowski space, the model of spacetime used in nongravitational physics.[73] One can therefore consider an auxiliary theory in which "spacetime" is given by the boundary of anti-de Sitter space. This observation is the starting point for AdS/CFT correspondence, which states that the boundary of anti-de Sitter space can be regarded as the "spacetime" for a quantum field theory. The claim is that this quantum field theory is equivalent to a gravitational theory, such as string theory, in the bulk anti-de Sitter space in the sense that there is a "dictionary" for translating entities and calculations in one theory into their counterparts in the other theory. For example, a single particle in the gravitational theory might correspond to some collection of particles in the boundary theory. In addition, the predictions in the two theories are quantitatively identical so that if two particles have a 40 percent chance of colliding in the gravitational theory, then the corresponding collections in the boundary theory would also have a 40 percent chance of colliding.[74]

Heterosexuality

Academic study Biological and environmental Main articles: Biology and sexual orientation and Environment and sexual orientation No simple and singular determinant for sexual orientation has been conclusively demonstrated, but scientists believe that a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors determine sexual orientation.[5][6][7] They favor biological theories for explaining the causes of sexual orientation,[3][5] as there is considerably more evidence supporting nonsocial, biological causes than social ones, especially for males.[3][9][10]

Factors related to the development of a heterosexual orientation include genes, prenatal hormones, and brain structure, and their interaction with the environment.

Prenatal hormones Main articles: Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation and Neuroscience and sexual orientation

Structure of the androgen receptor (rainbow cartoon) complexed with testosterone (white sticks).[34]

Testosterone contributes to the masculinization of the brain

Estradiol also stimulates the androgen receptors. The neurobiology of the masculinization of the brain is fairly well understood. Estradiol and testosterone, which is catalyzed by the enzyme 5α-reductase into dihydrotestosterone, act upon androgen receptors in the brain to masculinize it. If there are few androgen receptors (people with androgen insensitivity syndrome) or too much androgen (females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia), there can be physical and psychological effects.[35] It has been suggested that both male and female heterosexuality are the results of this process.[36] In these studies heterosexuality in females is linked to a lower amount of masculinization than is found in lesbian females, though when dealing with male heterosexuality there are results supporting both higher and lower degrees of masculinization than homosexual males.

Animals and reproduction

Bonobos mating, Jacksonville Zoo and Gardens.

Hoverflies mating in midair flight. Main articles: Animal sexual behaviour and Mating See also: Pair bond and Mating call Sexual reproduction in the animal world is facilitated through opposite-sex sexual activity, although there are also animals that reproduce asexually, including protozoa and lower invertebrates.[37]

Reproductive sex does not require a heterosexual orientation, since sexual orientation typically refers to a long-term enduring pattern of sexual and emotional attraction leading often to long-term social bonding, while reproduction requires as little as a single act of copulation to fertilize the ovum by sperm.[38][39][40]

Sexual fluidity Main articles: Sexual identity and Sexual fluidity Often, sexual orientation and sexual orientation identity are not distinguished, which can impact accurately assessing sexual identity and whether or not sexual orientation is able to change; sexual orientation identity can change throughout an individual's life, and may or may not align with biological sex, sexual behavior or actual sexual orientation.[41][42][43] Sexual orientation is stable and unlikely to change for the vast majority of people, but some research indicates that some people may experience change in their sexual orientation, and this is more likely for women than for men.[44] The American Psychological Association distinguishes between sexual orientation (an innate attraction) and sexual orientation identity (which may change at any point in a person's life).[45]

A 2012 study found that 2% of a sample of 2,560 adult participants reported a change of sexual orientation identity after a 10-year period. For men, a change occurred in 0.78% of those who had identified as heterosexual, 9.52% of homosexuals, and 47% of bisexuals. For women, a change occurred in 1.36% of heterosexuals, 63.6% of lesbians, and 64.7% of bisexuals.[46]

A 2-year study by Lisa M. Diamond on a sample of 80 non-heterosexual female adolescents (age 16-23) reported that half of the participants had changed sexual-minority identities more than once, one third of them during the 2-year follow-up. Diamond concluded that "although sexual attractions appear fairly stable, sexual identities and behaviors are more fluid."[47]

Heteroflexibility is a form of sexual orientation or situational sexual behavior characterized by minimal homosexual activity in an otherwise primarily heterosexual orientation that is considered to distinguish it from bisexuality. It has been characterized as "mostly straight".[48]

Sexual orientation change efforts Main article: Sexual orientation change efforts Sexual orientation change efforts are methods that aim to change sexual orientation, used to try to convert homosexual and bisexual people to heterosexuality. Scientists and mental health professionals generally do not believe that sexual orientation is a choice.[5][8] There are no studies of adequate scientific rigor that conclude that sexual orientation change efforts are effective.[49]


List of sources about Jacob Barnett

Human penis size

Studies

Distribution of penis sizes by length. 45% of erect penises are between 12 and 14 cm long.[1]

Distribution of penis sizes by circumference. 81% of erect penises (green) are between 10 and 13 cm in circumference.[1]

Percentile of penile length[1]

Percentile of penile circumference[1] While results vary slightly across reputable studies, the consensus is that the mean human penis, when erect, is in the range 12.9–15 cm (5.1–5.9 in) in length.[3][4][5]


Mean erect length with measurments

Mean erect size from below

Mean erect size from above A 2015 systematic review published by Veale et al. of medical research on the topic over the previous 30 years published in BJU International showed similar results, giving mean flaccid, stretched non-erect, and erect lengths of 9.16 cm, 13.24 cm, and 13.12 cm respectively, and mean flaccid and erect circumferences of 9.31 cm and 11.66 cm respectively. Erect lengths in the included studies were measured by pushing the pre-pubic fat pad to the bone, and flaccid or erect girth (circumference) was measured at the base or mid-shaft of the penis.[1]

Length Flaccid One study (published in 1996) found the mean flaccid penis length to be 3.5 inches (8.9 cm) (measured by staff).[3] A review of several studies found average flaccid length to be 9–10 cm (3.5–3.9 in).[6] Length of the flaccid penis does not necessarily correspond to length of the erect penis; some smaller flaccid penises grow much longer, while some larger flaccid penises grow comparatively less.[7]

The penis and scrotum can contract involuntarily in reaction to cold temperatures, anxious or nervous level and participation in sports.[8] This decrease of flaccid penis size is referred to by the slang term "shrinkage", due to action by the cremaster muscle. The same phenomenon affects cyclists and exercise bike users, with prolonged pressure on the perineum from the bicycle saddle and the straining of the exercise causing the penis and scrotum to contract involuntarily. An incorrect saddle may ultimately cause erectile dysfunction (see crotch pressure for more information). Individuals with hard flaccid syndrome or other pelvic floor disorders may temporarily have an abnormally small penis.

Stretched Neither age nor size of the flaccid penis accurately predicted erectile length. Stretched length has correlated with erect length in some cases.[3] However, studies have also shown drastic differences between stretched and erect length.[9] One study found that a minimal tension force of approximately 450 g during stretching of the penis was required to reach a full potential erection length. this study also found that tension forces exerted in this study by the urologist were shown to be significantly (P<0.01) lower than 450g.[10] This may account for differences between stretched and erect length.

The 2015 study of 15,521 men found that the average length of a stretched flaccid penis was 13.24 cm (5.21 inches) long, which is near identical to the average length of an erect human penis which is 13.12 cm (5.17 inches) long.[11] An 2001 study of about 3,300 men published in European Urology concluded that flaccid stretched length was measured on average to about 12.5 cm (4.9 in). In addition, they checked for correlations in a random subset of the sample consisting of 325 men. They found a few statistically significant Spearman's correlations: between flaccid length and height of 0.208, −0.140 with weight, and −0.238 with BMI, flaccid circumference and height 0.156, stretched length and height 0.221, weight −0.136, BMI −0.169. They also reported a few non-significant correlations.[12] Erect Scientific studies have been performed on the erect length of the adult penis. Studies that have relied on self-measurement, including those from Internet surveys, consistently reported a higher average length than those that used medical or scientific methods to obtain measurements.[5][13]

The following staff-measured studies are composed of different subgroups of the human population (in other words, specific age range or race; selection of those with sexual medical concerns or self-selection) that could cause a sample bias.[13][14]

In a study of 80 healthy males published in the September 1996 Journal of Urology an average erect penis length of 12.9 cm (5.1 in) was measured.[3] The purpose of the study was to "provide guidelines of penile length and circumference to assist in counseling patients considering penile augmentation." Erection was pharmacologically induced in 80 physically normal American men (varying ethnicity, average age 54). It was concluded: "Neither patient age nor size of the flaccid penis accurately predicted erectile length." A study published in the December 2000 International Journal of Impotence Research found that average erect penis length in 50 Jewish Caucasian males was 13.6 cm (5.4 in) (measured by staff).[4] The study intended "to identify clinical and engineering parameters of the flaccid penis for prediction of penile size during erection."[4] Erection was pharmacologically induced in 50 Jewish Caucasian patients who had been evaluated for erectile dysfunction (ED) (average age 47±14y). Patients with penis abnormalities or whose ED could be attributed to more than one psychological origin were omitted from the study. A review published in the 2007 issue of BJU International showed the average erect penis length to be 14–16 cm (5.5–6.3 in) and girth to be 12–13 cm (4.7–5.1 in). The paper compared results of twelve studies conducted on different populations in several countries. Various methods of measurements were included in the review.[6] A 2015 study by BJU International concluded the average erect penis length to be 13.12 cm (5.16 inches).[1] A 2013 study of 253 men from Tanzania found that the average erect penis length of Tanzanian males was 13.12 cm (5.17 inches)[15] An Indian study (published in 2007) of 301 men ages 18 to 60 published in the International Journal of Impotence Research found flaccid, stretched and erect length to be 8.21 cm (3.23 in), 10.88 cm (4.28 in) and 13.01 cm (5.12 in), respectively.[9] A Korean study (published in 1971) of 702 men ages 21 to 31 identified the average erect penis length to be 12.70 cm (5.00 in).[16] Another study (from 1998) of 150 Koreans found the average erect penis length to be 13.42 cm (5.28 in).[17] The most recent study (published in 2016) of 248 Korean men identified the average erect penis length to be 13.53 cm (5.33 in).[18] A 2020 review in the Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy found that the majority of men believed that the average erect penis length is more than 15.24 cm (6 inches). This inaccurate belief has likely been fed by inaccurate and exaggerated data presented in studies where the size of the participants erect penis is self-reported. Participants may report overestimates of the size of their penis in the belief that a larger penis is more socially desirable.[19] The same review analyzed the results from ten prior studies where measurements of erect penis size were made by researchers. They reported an erect penis to be between 12.95 and 13.92 cm (5.1 and 5.5 inches, respectively) in length, a result significantly below the average obtained in self-reported studies. The authors commented that results of such measurement studies may still be inflated due to volunteer bias – the possibility that men with larger penises may be more likely to choose to participate in such studies.[19] Erect circumference Similar results exist regarding studies of the circumference of the adult fully erect penis, with the measurement usually taken mid-shaft.[6] As with length, studies that relied on self-measurement consistently reported a significantly higher average than those with staff measuring. In a study of penis size where measurements were taken in a laboratory setting, the average penis circumference when erect was 11.66 cm (4.59 inches).[1]

Size at birth The average stretched penile length at birth is about 4 cm (1.6 in), and 90% of newborn boys will be between 2.4 and 5.5 cm (0.94 and 2.17 in). Limited growth of the penis occurs between birth and 5 years of age, but very little occurs between 5 years and the onset of puberty. The average size at the beginning of puberty is 6 cm (2.4 in) with adult size reached about 5 years later. W.A. Schonfeld published a penis growth curve in 1943.[20]

Size with ageing Authors of a paper reviewing research on area of penis sizes conclude that "flaccid penile length is just under 4 cm (1.6 in) at birth and changes very little until puberty, when there is marked growth."[2][6]

Age is not believed to negatively correlate with penis size. "Individual research studies have... suggested that penis size is smaller in studies focusing on older men, but Wylie and Eardley found no overall differences when they collated the results of various studies [over a 60 year period]."[6]

Size and height A 2015 review of the literature found two studies finding height and stretched or flaccid length to be moderately correlated, seven studies finding weak correlation for flaccid, stretched, or erect length, and two studies that found no correlation between flaccid length and height.[1]

Size and hands One study investigated the relationship with digit ratio and found that men with longer ring fingers than index fingers had slightly longer penises.[21][22] However, the common misconception that hand size predicts penis size has been widely discredited.[23][24]

Size and other body parts A statistically significant correlation between penis size and the size of other body parts has not been found in research. One study, Siminoski and Bain (1988), found a weak correlation between the size of the stretched penis and foot size and height; however, it was too weak to be used as a practical estimator.[25] Another investigation, Shah and Christopher (2002), which cited Siminoski and Bain (1988), failed to find any evidence for a link between shoe size and stretched penis size, stating "the supposed association of penile length and shoe size has no scientific basis".[26][27]

There may be a link between the malformation of the genitalia and the human limbs. The development of the penis in an embryo is controlled by some of the same Hox genes (in particular HOXA13 and HOXD13)[28] as those that control the development of the limbs. Mutations of some Hox genes that control the growth of limbs cause malformed genitalia (hand-foot-genital syndrome).[29]

Size and race Alleged differences in races have led to the creation of sexual myths. A 2005 study reported that "there is no scientific background to support the alleged 'oversized' penis in black people".[30]

A study of 253 men from Tanzania found that the average stretched flaccid penis length of Tanzanian males is 11.5 cm (4.53 inches) long, smaller than the worldwide average, stretched flaccid penis length of 13.24 cm (5.21 inches), and average erect penis length of 13.12 cm (5.17 inches).[15]

A 2016 study of 248 Korean men identified the average erect penis length to be 13.53 cm (5.33 in).[18] A study of 115 men from Nigeria found that the average flaccid stretched penis length of Nigerian males is 13.37 cm (5.26 inches) long, which is near identical to the worldwide average, stretched flaccid penis length of 13.24 cm (5.21 inches) and average erect penis length of 13.12 cm (5.17 inches).[31] A 2014 American study by Herbenick et al. Of 1,661 sexually active men involving Asian American, Black American, White American, Pacific Islander/Hawaiian, and Native American men, found average racial differences in erect penile length and circumference to be generally less than one centimeter, with averages in length being: 14.14 cm (5.56 inches) for Asian Americans, 14.66 cm (5.77 inches) for Black Americans, 14.88 cm (5.85 inches) for Pacific Islanders/Hawaiians, 12.86 cm for Native Americans (5.06 inches), and 14.18 cm (5.58 inches) for White Americans (And in circumference: Asians 12.10 cm, Blacks 12.29 cm, Pacific Islanders 11.88 cm, Native Americans 11.36 cm, and Whites 12.25 cm).[32] A 2015 systematic review of 15,521 men found "no indications of differences in racial variability", and stated that it was not possible to draw any conclusions about size and race from the available literature and that further research needed to be conducted.[1]

According to Aaron Spitz, a urologist, many websites and studies promoting variation of penis size between races use unscientific methods of collecting information and often ignore contradictory evidence. He concludes that "when you really take a good look at the naked data, there’s not a whole lot there [showing racial variation in penis size]."[33]

Size preferences among sexual partners In a small study conducted by University of Texas–Pan American and published in BMC Women's Health, 50 undergraduate women were surveyed by two popular male athletes on campus about their perceptions of sexual satisfaction and it was concluded that the width of a penis feels better than the length of a penis, when subjects are asked to choose between the two (size was left unspecified). It was also concluded that this may show that penis size overall affects sexual satisfaction since women chose between the two options they were given.[34]

In a cover story by Psychology Today,[35][36] 1,500 readers (about two-thirds women) were surveyed about male body image. Many of the women were not particularly concerned with penis size, and over 71% thought men overemphasized the importance of penis size and shape. Generally, the women polled cared more about width than men thought, and less about length than men thought, although the strength of caring for either among women showed a similar pattern.

Another study, conducted at Groningen University Hospital, asked 375 sexually active women (who had recently given birth) the importance of penis size the results of which showed that 21% of women felt length was important and 32% felt that girth was important.[37]

A study conducted at the Australian National University, published in early 2013, showed that penis size influences a man's sex appeal, and the taller the man, the bigger the effect.[38] The study showed 3D computer generated images at life-size, altering the height and other physical attributes, with women typically registering preferences in under 3 seconds. A preference for taller men's larger penis size was notable.

A U.S. study published in 2015 of the stated preferences of a panel of 75 women using 3D-printed models as scale references showed a preferred penis length of 16 cm (6.3 inches) and a preferred circumference of 12.2 cm for long-term sexual partners, with slightly larger preferred sizes of a length of 16.3 cm (6.4 inches) and circumference of 12.7 cm for one-time sexual encounters.[39]

According to studies, when asked to estimate the length of their partners penis, most would say a size significantly smaller than what their partner was recorded to be. This suggests that perception of size is not entirely accurate.[39]

Condom use One Australian study of 184 men looked at penis length and circumference in relationship to condom breakage or slippage. 3,658 condoms were used. The study found that when used correctly, condoms had a breakage rate of 1.34% and a slippage rate of 2.05%, for a total failure rate of 3.39%. Penile dimensions did not influence slippage, although penis circumference and broken condoms were strongly correlated, with larger sizes increasing the rate of breakage.[40]

Biochemistry Androgens like testosterone are responsible for penis enlargement and elongation during puberty.[41] Penis size is positively correlated with increasing testosterone levels during puberty.[42] But after puberty, administration of testosterone does not affect penis size, and androgen deficiency in adult men only results in a small decrease in size.[42] Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) are also involved in penis size, with deficiency (such as that observed in growth hormone deficiency or Laron syndrome) at critical developmental stages having the potential to result in micropenis.[43]

Daniel Tammet

Scientific study

Tammet speaking in Montreal in 2016 After the World Memory Championships, Tammet participated in a group study, later published in the New Year 2003 edition of Nature Neuroscience.[28] The researchers investigated the reasons for the memory champions' superior performance. They reported that they used "strategies for encoding information with the sole purpose of making it more memorable", and concluded that superior memory was not driven by exceptional intellectual ability or differences in brain structure.[29]

In another study, Baron-Cohen and others at the Autism Research Centre tested Tammet's abilities in around 2005.[30] Tammet was found to have synaesthesia, according to the "Test of Genuineness-Revised", which tests the subjects' consistency in reporting descriptions of their synaesthesia. He performed well on tests of short-term memory (with a digit-span of 11.5, where 6.5 is typical). Conversely, test results showed his memory for faces scored at the level expected of a 6- to 8-year-old child in this task. The authors of the study speculated that his savant memory could be a result of synaesthesia combined with Asperger syndrome, or it could be the result of mnemonic strategies.

In a further study published in Neurocase in 2008, Baron-Cohen, Bor and Billington investigated whether Tammet's synaesthesia and Asperger syndrome explained his savant memory abilities. They concluded that his abilities might be explained by hyperactivity in one brain region (the left prefrontal cortex), which results from his Asperger syndrome and synaesthesia.[31] On the Navon task, relative to non-autistic controls, Tammet was found to be faster at finding a target at the local level and to be less distracted by interference from the global level.[31] In an fMRI scan, "Tammet did not activate extra-striate regions of the brain normally associated with synaesthesia, suggesting that he has an unusual and more abstract and conceptual form of synaesthesia".[31] Published in Cerebral Cortex (2011), an fMRI study led by Jean-Michel Hupé at the University of Toulouse (France) observed no activation of colour areas in ten synaesthetes.[32] Hupé suggests that synaesthetic colour experience lies not in the brain's colour system, but instead results from "a complex construction of meaning in the brain, involving not only perception, but language, memory and emotion".[33]

In his book Moonwalking with Einstein (2011), Joshua Foer, a science journalist and former US Memory Champion, speculates that Tammet's study of conventional mnemonic approaches has played a role in the savant's feats of memory. While accepting that Tammet meets the standard definition of a prodigious savant, Foer suggests that his abilities may simply reflect intensive training using memory techniques, rather than any abnormal psychology or neurology. In a review of his book for The New York Times, psychologist Alexandra Horowitz described Foer's speculation as among the few "missteps" in his book. She questioned whether it would matter if Tammet had used such strategies or not.[34]

Savantism Tammet has been studied continuously[10] by researchers in Britain and the United States, and has been the subject of several peer-reviewed scientific papers.[18] Allan Snyder at the Australian National University has said of him: "Savants can't usually tell us how they do what they do. It just comes to them. Daniel can describe what he sees in his head. That's why he's exciting. He could be the Rosetta Stone."[35]

In his mind, Tammet says, each positive integer up to 10,000 has its own unique shape, colour, texture and feel. He has described his visual image of 289 as particularly ugly, 333 as particularly attractive, and pi, though not an integer, as beautiful. The number 6 apparently has no distinct image yet what he describes as an almost small nothingness, opposite to the number 9, which he says is large, towering, and quite intimidating. He describes the number 117 as "a handsome number. It's tall, it's a lanky number, a little bit wobbly."[9][36] He described David Letterman with the number 117 in these terms when interviewed on the Letterman Show.[37] In his memoir, he describes undergoing a synaesthetic and emotional response for numbers and words.[9]

Tammet set the European record for reciting pi from memory on 14 March 2004 - recounting to 22,514 digits in five hours and nine minutes.[38][39][40][41][42][43][44] He revealed in a French talk show on Radio Classique on 29 April 2016, that this event inspired Kate Bush's song "Pi" from her album Aerial.

He is a polyglot. In Born on a Blue Day, he writes that he knows eleven languages: English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Lithuanian, Esperanto, Spanish, Romanian, Icelandic, and Welsh.[9] In Embracing the Wide Sky, he wrote that he learned conversational Icelandic in a week, and appeared on an interview on Kastljós on RÚV speaking the language.[18][45]

List of sources about Jacob Barnett

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