Cryptonomicon
.jpg) Cover of first edition (hardcover) | |
| Author | Neal Stephenson |
|---|---|
| Language | English |
| Genre | Novel |
| Publisher | Avon |
Publication date | 1999 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Media type | Hardcover (first edition) |
| Pages | 918 pp (first edition hardcover) |
| ISBN | ISBN 0-380-97346-4 (first edition hardcover) Parameter error in {{ISBNT}}: invalid character |
Cryptonomicon is a 1999 novel by Neal Stephenson. It concurrently follows the exploits of World War II-era cryptographers affiliated with Bletchley Park in their attempts to crack Axis codes and fight the Nazi submarine fleet, alongside the story of their descendants, who are attempting to use modern cryptography to build a data haven in the fictitious state of Kinakuta, a small nation with geographical and political parallels to Brunei.
Cryptonomicon was nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 2000.
Plot introduction
Cryptonomicon is closer to the genres of historical fiction and contemporary techno-thriller than to the science fiction settings of Stephenson's earlier works, and features fictionalized characterizations of such historical figures as Alan Turing, Douglas MacArthur, Winston Churchill, Isoroku Yamamoto, Karl Dönitz, Albert Einstein, and Ronald Reagan, as well as some highly technical and detailed descriptions of modern cryptography and information security, and subjects ranging from prime numbers and modular arithmetic to van Eck phreaking.
Explanation of the novel's title
When Stephenson came up with his title, he was not aware of the word's origin, and was simply seeking a Greek-sounding word that also had 'crypto' in it. Cryptonomicon translates to 'Book of Hidden Names'. The Cryptonomicon referred to in the novel— described as a "cryptographer's bible" — is a fictional book summarizing mankind's knowledge of cryptography and cryptanalysis.
Characters
World War II storyline
- Robert "Bobby" Shaftoe, a gung-ho haiku-writing United States Marine.
- Lawrence Pritchard Waterhouse, an American cryptographer/mathematician serving as an officer in the United States Navy.
- Günter Bischoff, a Kapitänleutnant in the Kriegsmarine, who commands a U-Boat for much of the story, and later he takes command of a new, advanced rocket-powered submarine.
- Rudolf "Rudy" von Hacklheber, a homosexual, non-Nazi German mathematician and cryptographer, who spent time attending Princeton University, where he befriended Waterhouse and Turing.
- Earl Comstock, a US Army officer, who eventually founds the NSA.
- Julieta Kivistik, a Finnish woman who assists some of the WWII characters when they find themselves stranded in Sweden, and who later gives birth to a baby boy (Günter Enoch Bobby Kivistik) whose father is uncertain.
- “Uncle” Otto Kivistik, Julieta's Finnish uncle, who runs a successful smuggling ring between neutral Sweden, Finland, and the USSR during WWII.
- Mary cCmndhd (Smith), a Qwghlmian ex-pat living in Australia, who catches the fancy of Lawrence Waterhouse while he is stationed in Brisbane.
- Glory Altamira, Bobby Shaftoe's Filipina lover, and the mother of Douglas MacArthur Shaftoe.
- Alan Turing, a colleague and friend of Lawrence Waterhouse and Rudy von Hacklheber, and a world-renowned cryptographer.
- Douglas MacArthur, the famed US Army general, who takes a rather central role toward the end of the WWII timeline.
- Karl Dönitz, who is never actually seen as a character, but who frequently barks out orders to his U-Boats, including the one captained by Bischoff.
- Otto van Hoek, captain of the sloop Gertrude and previously (in the early 18th century) captain of the East Indiaman Minerva.
Modern-day storyline
The precise date of this storyline is not established, but the ages of characters and the technologies described suggest that it is set in the late 1990s, at approximately the same time as the publication of the novel.
- Randall "Randy" Lawrence Waterhouse, Lawrence and Mary (née cCmndhd, pronounced roughly "Smith") Waterhouse's grandson and an expert systems and network administrator.
- Avi Halaby, Randy's business partner in the fledgling Epiphyte (2) corporation, of which he is the CEO.
- Douglas MacArthur Shaftoe, Robert Shaftoe and Glory Altamira's half-Filipino, half-American son, named after the WWII Army general, who lives in the Philippines and operates an underwater survey business, conducting treasure hunts on the side.
- America "Amy" Shaftoe, Doug Shaftoe's daughter who has moved from the US to live with him, and who becomes Randy's love interest.
- Hubert Kepler, aka "The Dentist," Randy and Avi's business rival.
- Eberhard Föhr, a member of Epiphyte II and general expert in biometrics
- John Cantrell, a member of Epiphyte II, a libertarian who is an expert in cryptography and who wrote the fictional cryptography program Ordo
- Tom Howard, a member of Epiphyte II, a libertarian and gun enthusiast who is an expert in large computer installations.
- Beryl Hagen, the Chief Financial Officer of Epiphyte II and veteran of a dozen startups
- Charlene, an academic and Randy's girlfriend at the beginning of the novel, who later moves in with Dr. Günter Enoch Bobby Kivistik.
- Andrew Loeb, a former friend and now enemy of Randy's, a survivalist and neo-Luddite whose lawsuits destroyed Randy and Avi's first start-up, and who at the time of the novel works as a lawyer for Hubert Kepler
Both storylines
- Goto Dengo, a soldier in the Imperial Japanese Army, subsequently a slave to the Japanese Army and later (in the modern-day storyline) a successful businessman in the Japanese construction sector.
- Enoch Root, a mysterious, seemingly ageless priest serving in the ANZAC during WWII, and an important figure in the Societas Eruditorum.
- Wing, a wartime Chinese slave of Japanese soldiers in the Philippines and later a general in the modern Chinese army. Wing is the only other survivor besides Goto himself of a Japanese wartime project to bury war gold in the Philippines, and he competes with Goto and Epiphyte(2) to recover it in the modern day.
Major themes
Technical content
Portions of Cryptonomicon are notably complex and may be considered somewhat difficult by the non-technical reader. Several pages are spent explaining in detail some of the concepts behind cryptography and data storage security, including a description of van Eck phreaking, as an example.
Cipher text
Stephenson includes a precise description of (and indeed a Perl script for) the Solitaire cipher (called "Pontifex" in the book), a cryptographic algorithm developed by Bruce Schneier for use with a deck of playing cards, as part of the plot. He also describes computers using a fictional operating system, Finux.
Appendix
The Solitaire Encryption Algorithm by Bruce Schneier. (10 Pages)
Allusions/references from other works
Stephenson's subsequent work, The Baroque Cycle, provides part of the backstory to the characters and events featured in Cryptonomicon. Excerpt of Quicksilver, Volume One of "The Baroque Cycle", is included in later prints of the Mass Market Paperback edition.
The Baroque Cycle features characters who are ancestors of several characters in Cryptonomicon, predating the time and setting for Cryptonomicon. The subtext implies the existence of secret societies or conspiracies, and familial associations existing within those darker worlds.
The short story Jipi and the Paranoid Chip appears to take place some time after the events of Cryptonomicon. In the story, the construction of the Crypt has triggered economic growth in Manila and Kinakuta, in which Goto Engineering, and Homa /Homer Goto, a Goto family heir, are involved. The IDTRO ("Black Chamber") is also mentioned.
Stephenson's works often reflect linkages between past and present, employing temporal discontinuity to illustrate these links.
Literary significance & criticism
Despite the technical detail, the book drew praise from both Stephenson's science fiction fan base and literary critics and buyers.[1]
Trivia
The original hardcover edition of Cryptonomicon had numerous typos, and there has been widespread speculation that these typos were deliberate and constitute a steganographically hidden code [2] [3].
See also
Editions
- ISBN 0-380-97346-4 : Hardcover (1999)
- ISBN 0-380-78862-4 : Paperback (2000)
- ISBN 0-06-051280-6 : Mass Market Paperback (2002)
- ISBN 1-57453-470-X : Audio Cassette (abridged) (2001)
- ISBN B-000-09M9L-W: e-book (Adobe Reader)
- ISBN B-000-09M9LX: e-book (Microsoft Reader)
- Audio download from iTunes and Audible.com
- Translations into other languages: Czech, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Russian, Spanish. The French and Spanish translations divide the book into three volumes. The Japanese translation divides the book into four volumes.