Jump to content

Nicolas Berggruen

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Tarîxnas (talk | contribs) at 16:31, 8 September 2023. The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Nicolas Berggruen
Berggruen in 2017
Born (1961-08-10) 10 August 1961 (age 63)
Paris, France
Citizenship
  • Germany
  • United States
Alma materNew York University
Occupations
  • Investor
  • philanthropist
Children2
Parents
Relatives
Websitewww.nicolasberggruen.com

Nicolas Berggruen (/ˈbɜːrɡruːn, bɜːrˈɡruːən/;[1] born 10 August 1961) is a US-based billionaire investor and philanthropist.[2] Born in Paris, France, he is a dual German and American[3] citizen.[4] He is the founder and president of Berggruen Holdings, a private investment company[5][6] and the co-founder and chairman of the Berggruen Institute, a non-profit, non-partisan think tank that works to address global governance issues. In 2014, through the Institute, Berggruen launched Noema Magazine, formerly the WorldPost, a digital and print publication dedicated to exploring global issues.[7][8]

Early life and education

Nicolas Berggruen was born in Paris, France. He is the son of art collector and dealer Heinz Berggruen[9] and actress Bettina Moissi. His father was of German-Jewish descent, and his mother, a Catholic[10], is the daughter of the Albanian born Austrian actor Aleksandër Moisiu and an German women. Heinz Berggruen was considered one of the world's greatest art collectors, having donated and sold works by Picasso, Klee, and Matisse to the Berggruen Museum in Berlin, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, and the National Gallery in London.[11][12] His mother played the female lead in the 1948 German Holocaust film Long Is the Road.[13] Although born in France, Berggruen's first language is German. He is also fluent in English and French.[14] Berggruen has two older half-siblings from his father's first marriage: John, an art dealer, and Helen, an artist. Furthermore, he has a full younger brother, Olivier, an art historian and curator.[15][16] Berggruen credits his father for his competitive drive: "What I learned from my father [was] passion and focus... He valued quality over quantity".[7]

Nicolas and Olivier attended elementary school at the École alsacienne in Paris.[17] They were raised Catholic, their mother's faith.[18] Growing up in Paris in the 1970s, Berggruen spent his time reading. He was particularly drawn to the work of French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and the issues of political governance.[19] Berggruen attended high school at Le Rosey in Switzerland. He became interested in Marxism and by 15 had written a constitution for a utopian country.[20] Berggruen refused to learn English at the time because he thought it was "the language of imperialism."[4] Berggruen had a rebellious nature, frequently challenging teachers on intellectual matters and eventually, he was expelled from the school for sedition.[7] At 16, Berggruen passed his state exams in Paris before completing a baccalauréat in Paris as a candidat libre.[21][12] In 1978, Nicolas moved to London, where he became fluent in English and trained under property developer and philanthropist Lord Max Rayne at London Merchant Securities, known today as LMS Capital Plc.[4][11][7]

In 1979, 17-year old Berggruen moved to New York to attend New York University, where he obtained a bachelor's degree in Finance and International Business in 1981.[11]

Investment career

Early business experience

After obtaining his degree, Berggruen moved to Philadelphia to work for the real estate arm of Bass Brothers Enterprises, led by the investor Sid Bass.[22] Between 1983 and 1987, Berggruen was a Principal at Jacobson and Co.[citation needed]

Berggruen Holdings

Berggruen moved back to New York and, based on a trust fund worth about $250,000,[4] he started investing in real estate and public stocks, later expanding to private equity, venture capital, and hedge funds.[12]

In 1984, he founded Berggruen Holdings, Inc. as an investment vehicle for the Nicolas Berggruen Charitable Trust. Berggruen Holdings predominately operates as a long-term investor/owner for their portfolio companies. In the mid-1980s, Berggruen began purchasing distressed real estate across New York City and has since made over 100 direct control and real estate investments globally.[21] In 1988, he and Julio Mario Santo Domingo, Jr. co-founded Alpha Investment Management, a hedge fund. The firm grew to about $2 billion under management[23] before the founders reportedly sold to Safra Bank in 2004.[24]

In 2005, for the symbolic fee of 1 euro, Berggruen bought the insolvent German retailer Karstadt, investing over 65 million euros (US$83 million) and saving over 25,000 jobs.[21] Commenting on the importance of the retail brand, Berggruen said: “We want to take a brand with a big presence all across Germany and restore it to all its former glory.”[25] In 2010, having spent 400 million euros, he brought the company out of bankruptcy.[19]

Through Freedom Acquisitions – his first investment vehicle that went public in 2006[23] – Berggruen bought a stake in the hedge fund group GLG Partners in 2007.[26] In 2009, with his second fund, Liberty Acquisitions, Berggruen bought Pearl Insurance, and in 2010, he bought a majority stake in the Spanish media group, Prisa, for a reported US$900 million.[27][26]

In 2011, alongside business partner Martin Franklin and investor William Ackman, Berggruen launched his third investment vehicle, Justice Holding, a company that raised £900m in its initial public offering.[28] In 2012, Justice holdings took an £881m (29%) stake in Burger King Worldwide, Inc.[27]

In the mid-2000s, Berggruen Holdings began acquiring residential and commercial real estate across the world in Tel Aviv, Berlin, Istanbul, and the American West Coast. In 2012, the company owned and operated a portfolio of more than 90 buildings in Berlin, Germany.[29] In Tel Aviv, Berggruen worked with architect Richard Meier to design a luxury-apartment complex on Rothschild Boulevard.[30] In 2014, the real estate investments became the foundation of Berggruen's NBP Capital, specializing in investment management, development, construction, hospitality, and property management services.[31] In 2020, NBP Capital's market value exceeded $1 billion.[32][33]

In 2012, through Berggruen Holdings, Berggruen was a primary investor and developer in Newark, New Jersey's Teachers Village. Designed by Richard Meier, the project revitalized five blocks of downtown Newark.[34]

In 2013, Berggruen Holdings invested in the East Africa Exchange, a privately funded regional, agricultural commodities exchange in East Africa. The exchange aims to increase regional market efficiency and ensure higher incomes for farmers, especially smallholder farmers. Berggruen said, "Agriculture is key to Africa's prosperity, and so aiding the flow of information and finance within the agricultural sector will be especially helpful."[35][36] Additionally, Berggruen Holdings, Heirs Holdings, and 50 Ventures partnered to form Africa Exchange Holdings, Ltd (AFEX), to develop a network of commodity exchanges to transform trade dynamics and ensure higher incomes for the rural poor.[35]

By 2011, Berggruen Holdings had offices in Berlin, Istanbul, Mumbai, New York, and Tel Aviv, nine senior executives, owned more than 30 companies across various industries and asset classes, and was valued at more than 1.5 billion euros.[11][30]

Berggruen Institute

In 2010, Nicolas founded the Berggruen Institute, an independent think tank aiming to reshape political and social institutions on governance, economic systems, globalization, geopolitics, and technology.[37] To address these issues, Berggruen invested US$100 million into the Institute,[38] subsequently endowing it with an additional US$500 million in 2016.[39][40]

Berggruen launched the Institute after a series of organized discussions in California aimed at addressing the state's expanding debt. The talks became the Think Long Committee for California, a bipartisan initiative focused on reforming California's governance system.[41][42] The initiative garnered the support of prominent political players, including former secretary of state Condoleezza Rice, billionaire entrepreneur Eli Broad, former California governor Gray Davis, and Eric Schmidt, the former CEO of Google.[43] The sessions produced a bill to reform California's referendum system, which then California governor Jerry Brown signed into law in 2012.[7]

Initiatives

Nicolas Berggruen and Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg at the Berggruen Prize Gala in New York City, 2019
Nicolas Berggruen and Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 2019

Through the Institute, Berggruen has launched several government reform projects, including the 21st Century Council, which is focused on global governance challenges, the Council for the Future of Europe, to support work on European integration. Members of the Institute's 21st Century Council include several former heads of state and government, Tony Blair, Gerhard Schröder, Helle Thorning Schmidt, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, and Nicolas Sarkozy, amongst others.[7][44]

In 2015, Berggruen announced the launch of the Berggruen Philosophy and Culture Center.[45] In collaborations with Peking, Stanford, New York, and Oxford Universities, amongst others, the Center brings together leading thinkers from around the world to ponder how culture and philosophy inform political thinking.[46] The Center offers a fellowship program between Chinese and American universities and an annual $1 million philosophy prize awarded by an international jury.[45]

Campus

In 2017, Berggruen purchased a 450-acre stretch of land in the Santa Monica Mountains overlooking Los Angeles to create a 137,000 sq ft (12,700 m2) Scholars’ Campus. The campus will house the Center's educational programs, fellows, and scholars. Herzog & de Meuron and L.A's Gensler will lead a team of architects in the campus design. The campus, named Monteverdi, will build on approximately 22 of the 450-acre estate and delegate the remaining 95% as protected open space.[47]

Philosophical views

Democracy

Berggruen's beliefs on renewing democracy include a stable US-China relationship, participation without populism, addressing climate change, and instituting "universal basic capital" to ensure adequate living conditions for everyone regardless of employment status.[48][49] His views of democracy call for an inclusive political culture and positive nationalism.[48] Berggruen states: "Democracy is really about giving individuals a place in society, a voice—respect, in some ways—equality as humans. It's also a system. It's not every individual for themselves; it has to be society as a whole."[14]

Published work

In 2012, Berggruen and Nathan Gardels published the book Intelligent Governance for the 21st Century: A Middle Way Between West and East. The book's central argument is that populism and short-term thinking have hindered the Western democracies' progress, while many authoritarian Eastern nations, China, in particular, would benefit from strengthening their meritocratic systems with the popular legitimacy that is typical of Western governments. Published in English, the book was later translated into Spanish, Portuguese, and other languages.[50] The Financial Times named it as one of their "Best Books of 2012".[51]

In 2019, Berggruen and Gardels published their second book, Renovating Democracy: Governing in the Age of Globalization and Digital Capitalism.[52] The authors advocate for the restructuring of democratic government frameworks to ensure adequate living conditions for everyone. They argue that in a time where jobs are being replaced by technology, employment should not determine if a person's basic needs are accounted for.[49]

Philanthropy

Berggruen has committed to giving the majority of his wealth through the Nicolas Berggruen Charitable Trust.[53] In 2010, he joined Bill Gates and Warren Buffett's The Giving Pledge to address some of society’s most pressing problems.[54]

Art

Berggruen's father was an influential art dealer and collector who left a legacy of donations to various museums.[55] His youngest brother, Olivier Berggruen, is an art historian and curator.[15] An avid collector in the early 1980s and 1990s, while living in NYC, Berggruen began collecting Andy Warhol and Jean-Michel Basquiat.[56] In his approach to collecting, Berggruen stated: "Collecting should be guided by your eye, your tastes. It's an intellectual pursuit."[57]

Berggruen is the head of the Board of the Berggruen Museum in Berlin. He is a member of the Los Angeles County Museum (LACMA), the International Councils of the Tate Gallery in London, and the Museum of Modern Art in New York as well as a member of the Beyeler Foundation, the International Council of the Serpentine Gallery,[58] and Sotheby's International Advisory Board.[59] He is an International Ambassador of The Feuerle Collection, based in Berlin.[60]

In cooperation with LACMA, Berggruen has been making acquisitions intended for the museum.[12] In 2006 he purchased the Chris Burden kinetic sculpture Metropolis II and lent it on along-term loan basis to LACMA.[61]

In 2021, Berggruen signed a preliminary agreement to purchase the Casa dei Tre Oci on the Giudecca island in Venice, with plans to use the space to host symposia, workshops and exhibitions in partnership with major museums.[62] In 2022, he also bought the Palazzo Diedo in the Cannaregio district, which is to focus primarily on dedicated artist commissions; the first artist-in-residence is Sterling Ruby.[63]

Associations and awards

Berggruen is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations,[64] Director on the Board of the Pacific Council on International Policy, a member of Foro Iberoamericano, a member of the Helena Group, and a member of the Commission on Global Ethics and Citizenship. In 2013 he was appointed by Harvard's Center for European Studies as its first non-resident Senior Fellow.[65] He was named a member of the Brookings Institution's International Advisory Council and the NYU President's Global Council.[66] In 2014 he was named a member of the Leadership Council at Harvard Kennedy School's Center for Public Leadership, a member of Harvard University's Global Advisory Council, and a trustee of the Asia Society.[67] He is also a member of the World Economic Forum.[68]

Berggruen was honored by his alma mater, NYU Stern, at the 2016 Haskins Giving Society Award Dinner for his commitment to business and public service.[69] In 2018, he received the Ellis Island Medal of Honor.[70]

Personal life

In the early 2000s, Berggruen was dubbed "the homeless billionaire" when he sold off his residential properties and belongings.[9][37] At 40 years old, he did not own a house, a car, or a watch. Instead, he traveled, staying in different hotels with only a small bag of clothes and his BlackBerry.[2][4] He retained his Gulfstream IV private jet,[23][71] noting that it is too "practical" to dispense.[21] In an interview with Bloomberg, Berggruen stated: "I'm not that interested in material things. As long as I find a good bed that I can sleep in, that's enough".[6]

From 2012, Berggruen purchased several apartments in the Sierra Towers, where he lived for several years.[71] In 2016, he had two children born from one egg donor and two surrogates.[2][7] He lives with them in Los Angeles.[71] Berggruen bought a 20,000 sq ft (1,900 m2) home in Holmby Hills for $42 million in 2017.[72] In 2021, he acquired the Gordon Kaufmann-designed, 29,000 sq ft (2,700 m2) Hearst estate in Beverly Hills for $63.1 million, at the time the most ever paid for a home at an auction.[73][74] The property was renamed the Beverly Estate in 2022.[75]

He dated Noor Alfallah in 2018.[76]

References

  1. ^ "Nicolas Berggruen on 'Giving Pledge' and think tanks"; "Investing in Ideas: CNN Interview with Nicolas Berggruen".
  2. ^ a b c Curwen, Tom (30 April 2016). "On his Santa Monica mountaintop, a billionaire envisions lofty thoughts on politics and culture". L.A. Times. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  3. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (2015-09-15). "Nicolas Berggruen Wants to Bridge the East-West Gap". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-04-22.
  4. ^ a b c d e Jeremy Kahn (October 25, 2011), Billionaire Living Out of Tote Bag Amasses Fortune to Give Away Bloomberg
  5. ^ "Berggruen Holdings Inc - Company Profile and News". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  6. ^ a b "Deep Thoughts With the Homeless Billionaire". Bloomberg.com. 2012-09-28. Retrieved 2020-11-10.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g Dean, Jason (2017-10-04). "Nicolas Berggruen: All-In-Mentality - CSQ Magazine". CSQ | Magazine, Events, Community. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  8. ^ de la Merced, Michael J. (25 January 2014). "With Some Investing Help, Huffington Unveils a New International Venture".
  9. ^ a b Businessweek: "Deep Thoughts With the Homeless Billionaire" By Devin Leonard September 27, 2012
  10. ^ Knöfel, Ulrike; Doerry, Martin (9 September 2007). "Seinen Geist am Leben erhalten". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 23 April 2022. Meine Mutter ist katholisch, mein Vater jüdisch. [My mother is Catholic, my father Jewish.]
  11. ^ a b c d Kahn, Jeremy (2011-11-05). "Billionaire Nicolas Berggruen is always on the move, looking for the next deal". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  12. ^ a b c d Jori Finkel (March 18, 2012), Nicolas Berggruen explains why he intends to give art to LACMA Los Angeles Times.
  13. ^ Shandley, Robert R. (2001). Rubble Films: German Cinema In Shadow Of 3Rd Reich. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-1-56639-877-0. JSTOR j.ctt14bsxrn.
  14. ^ a b "Nicolas Berggruen: International Man Of Democracy (And Mystery)". Haute Living. 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  15. ^ a b "The T&C 50: The Most Influential Families in Media, Art, and Culture". Town & Country. 2018-10-17. Retrieved 2019-03-16.
  16. ^ "Pablo Picasso works draw art world to Berlin". The Guardian. 2013-06-07. Retrieved 2021-03-22.
  17. ^ PO (2019-08-20). "L'histoire de L'École alsacienne par Roger Gruner". École alsacienne (in French). Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  18. ^ Steinberger, Michael (6 April 2022). "How the 'Homeless Billionaire' Became a Philosopher King". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  19. ^ a b Du, Lisa. "The High-Flying Life Of 'Homeless Billionaire' Nicolas Berggruen". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  20. ^ "102 Minutes With Nicolas Berggruen -- New York Magazine - Nymag". New York Magazine. 9 December 2011. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  21. ^ a b c d Stacy Meichtry (September 29, 2011), Man Without a Country Wall Street Journal.
  22. ^ [1] Forbes.
  23. ^ a b c Jeremy Kahn (November 5, 2011), Billionaire Nicolas Berggruen is always on the move, looking for the next deal Washington Post.
  24. ^ Tett, Gillian (14 January 2011). "Lunch with the FT: Nicolas Berggruen". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
  25. ^ Launder, William (2010-06-13). "Karstadt's New Owner Is a 'Homeless Billionaire'". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  26. ^ a b "Ackman joins billionaire Berggruen in fund listing". Reuters. 2011-02-14. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  27. ^ a b Sakoui, Anousha (22 February 2011). "Justice founders start acquisitions search". financial times. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  28. ^ "Berggruen Justice Fund Raises £900M". Institutional Investor. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  29. ^ "Berggruen acquires Berlin portfolio for EUR 1..." PropertyEU News. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  30. ^ a b "Berggruen Says German Real Estate Vulnerable in Euro Breakup". Bloomberg.com. 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  31. ^ "NBP Capital, LLC – Berggruen". Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  32. ^ "NBP Capital Names Mark Fitkin as Chief Operating Officer". www.businesswire.com. 2020-01-21. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  33. ^ "NBP Capital - Company Profile and News". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  34. ^ "Teachers Village | Team". www.teachersvillage.com. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  35. ^ a b Bee, The Sacramento (23 January 2013). "East Africa Exchange Launched". african markets. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  36. ^ "AFEX Leads Charge to Jumpstart Nigeria's Agribusiness Sector". The Africa Bazaar Magazine - Official Site. 2013-09-05. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  37. ^ a b Garofoli, Joe (25 September 2011). "Can billionaire Nicolas Berggruen fix California?". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2 October 2011 – via SFGate.com.
  38. ^ ""Homeless Billionaire" Nicolas Berggruen Becomes Honorary Seoul Citizen -". 서울시 영문. 2015-11-03. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  39. ^ "Berggruen Institute Receives $500 Million Endowment". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  40. ^ Palmeri, Christopher (4 May 2016). "'Homeless Billionaire' Charms L.A. With $500 Million Gift". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  41. ^ "Think Long Committee for California". Daily Bulletin. 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  42. ^ "The Conversation: Thinking long about state's future - Reform California - the Sacramento Bee". Archived from the original on 2012-04-19. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
  43. ^ "Nicolas Berggruen: Change agent". Los Angeles Times. 2011-01-08. Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  44. ^ "Meet the Board | Oversight Board". www.oversightboard.com. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  45. ^ a b "Nicolas Berggruen Wants to Bridge the East-West Gap". The New York Times. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  46. ^ Candid. "Berggruen Institute Launches Philosophy and Culture Center". Philanthropy News Digest (PND). Retrieved 2020-11-13.
  47. ^ "Plans for Berggruen Institute's 'scholars' campus' in the Santa Monica Mountains move forward". www.theartnewspaper.com. 15 February 2020. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  48. ^ a b "Democracy is floundering: we need to fix it or lose it". The Economist. 2019-05-16. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  49. ^ a b "Can We Trust Billionaires to Save Democracy? | Scheer Intelligence". KCRW. 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  50. ^ "Intelligent Governance for the Twenty-first Century". Foreign Affairs: America and the World. 2012-12-20. ISSN 0015-7120. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  51. ^ Financial Times: "Best books of 2012" December 3, 2012
  52. ^ Gardels, Nathan; Berggruen, Nicolas (April 2019). Renovating Democracy. ISBN 9780520303607.
  53. ^ "Home Page". nicolasberggruentrust.com. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  54. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-07. Retrieved 2013-10-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  55. ^ Riding, Alan (2007-02-26). "Obituary: Heinz Berggruen, noted art dealer and collector - Europe - International Herald Tribune (Published 2007)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  56. ^ "Nicolas Berggruen". Avant Arte. 18 July 2019. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  57. ^ "Buy what you like". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  58. ^ "Support". Serpentine Galleries. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  59. ^ "Sotheby's - Board of Directors". sothebys.com. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  60. ^ "INTERNATIONAL AMBASSADORS". The Feuerle Collection. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  61. ^ Patton, Phil (11 August 2011). "'Metropolis II': a Sculpture Moving at 200 M.P.H., Scaled". Wheels Blog.
  62. ^ Gareth Harris (3 March 2021), Billionaire collector Nicolas Berggruen takes steps to buy historic Venetian palace and turn it into a cultural thinktank The Art Newspaper.
  63. ^ Alex Greenberger (15 March 2022), Collector Nicolas Berggruen to Open Second Venice Space in 18th-Century Palazzo ARTnews.
  64. ^ "Membership Roster". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  65. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-23. Retrieved 2013-09-30.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  66. ^ "International Advisory Council". The Brookings Institution. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  67. ^ "Co-Chairs and Trustees". Asia Society. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  68. ^ "Nicolas Berggruen - World Economic Forum". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
  69. ^ "NYU Stern | Haskins Giving Society Award Dinner". www.stern.nyu.edu. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
  70. ^ "2018 Ellis Island Medal of Honor Recipients". www.neco.org. Archived from the original on 2018-03-13. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
  71. ^ a b c Thomson, A.K. (November 16, 2017). "'Homeless billionaire' Nicolas Berggruen on putting down LA roots". The Financial Times. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
  72. ^ David Silverman (March 2, 2020), "A Coup to Be Invited": Inside the L.A. Mansion Where Hollywood Stars Partied for 40 Years The Hollywood Reporter.
  73. ^ Jack Flemming (September 14, 2021), 'Homeless billionaire' Nicolas Berggruen wins Hearst estate auction with $63.1-million bid Los Angeles Times.
  74. ^ Jonathan Randles (September 15, 2021), Billionaire Investor Nicolas Berggruen to Buy Hearst Estate in Beverly Hills Wall Street Journal.
  75. ^ "One of Hollywood's Most Storied Estates Gets a Second Act". Town & Country. 2022-08-20. Retrieved 2023-01-05.
  76. ^ Alfallah, Noor (18 August 2018). "instagram.com/nooralfallah".

Media related to Nicolas Berggruen at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Berggruen&oldid=1174467776"