Claoxylon
Claoxylon | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Claoxylon sandwicense | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Euphorbiaceae |
Subfamily: | Acalyphoideae |
Tribe: | Acalypheae |
Subtribe: | Claoxylinae |
Genus: | Claoxylon A.Juss. |
Type species | |
Claoxylon parviflorum | |
Synonyms[1] | |
Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. It was first described as a genus in 1824.[2][1] The genus is distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaiʻi, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny.[3][4]
The genus Claoxylon is usually easily recognizable because the dried leaves in herbariums of most species are rough (few are smooth).
- Species[1]
- Claoxylon abbreviatum - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores, Sulawesi
- Claoxylon affine - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
- Claoxylon albicans - Philippines
- Claoxylon albiflorum - Bismarck Archipelago
- Claoxylon angustifolium - Queensland
- Claoxylon anomalum - Western Ghats of SW India
- Claoxylon arboreum - Philippines
- Claoxylon attenuatum - Sabah
- Claoxylon australe - Queensland, New South Wales
- Claoxylon bicarpellatum - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon biciliatum - Vanuatu
- Claoxylon brachyandrum - Philippines, Sabah, Sulawesi
- Claoxylon capillipes - Papua New Guinea, Flores
- Claoxylon carinatum - Kalimantan Timur
- Claoxylon carolinianum - Caroline Islands
- Claoxylon carrii - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon centenarium - Ogasawara-shoto (Bonin Islands)
- Claoxylon colfsii - Sumbawa
- Claoxylon collenettei - Rapa-Iti
- Claoxylon coriaceolanatum - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon crassipes - Philippines
- Claoxylon crassivenium - Philippines
- Claoxylon cuneatum - Western New Guinea
- Claoxylon decaryanum - Madagascar
- Claoxylon dolichostachyum - Réunion
- Claoxylon echinospermum - Fiji
- Claoxylon ellipticum - Philippines
- Claoxylon erythrophyllum - E Indonesia
- Claoxylon euphorbioides - Philippines
- Claoxylon extenuatum - Bougainville
- Claoxylon fallax - Fiji, Tonga
- Claoxylon flavum - Madagascar
- Claoxylon fulvescens - Papua New Guinea, Sulawesi
- Claoxylon gillisonii - Vanuatu
- Claoxylon glabrifolium - Java, Bali, Lombok, Timor, Flores
- Claoxylon glandulosum - Réunion
- Claoxylon goodenoviense - D'Entrecasteaux Islands
- †Claoxylon grandifolium - Mauritius, Réunion but extinct
- Claoxylon gymnadenum - Bougainville
- Claoxylon hainanense - Hainan
- Claoxylon hillii - New Guinea, N Australia
- Claoxylon hirsutellum - Kalimantan Timur
- Claoxylon hosei - Sarawak
- Claoxylon humbertii - Madagascar
- Claoxylon indicum - S China, SE Asia, New Guinea, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Christmas Island
- Claoxylon insigne - Sarawak
- Claoxylon insulanum - New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands
- Claoxylon kaievskii - Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz Islands
- Claoxylon khasianum - West Bengal, Bangladesh, Assam
- Claoxylon kinabaluense - Sabah
- Claoxylon kingii - S Thailand, Perak
- Claoxylon kotoense - Taiwan
- Claoxylon lambiricum - Sarawak
- Claoxylon ledermannii - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon linostachys - Mauritius
- Claoxylon longifolium - Assam, SE Asia, New Guinea, Caroline Islands
- Claoxylon longipetiolatum - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar
- Claoxylon longiracemosum - Palau
- Claoxylon lutescens - New Guinea
- Claoxylon macranthum - Mauritius, Madagascar
- Claoxylon mananarense - Madagascar
- Claoxylon marianum - Mariana Islands
- Claoxylon medullosum - Madagascar
- Claoxylon microcarpum - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon monoicum - Madagascar
- Claoxylon muscisilvae - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon neoebudicum - Vanuatu, Santa Cruz Islands, Fiji
- Claoxylon nervosum - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon nigtanig - Bougainville
- Claoxylon nubicola - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon oblanceolatum - Philippines
- Claoxylon oliganthum - Thailand
- Claoxylon ooumuense - Nuku Hiva
- Claoxylon papuae - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon parviflorum - Réunion, Rodrigues Island
- Claoxylon paucinerve - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon perrieri - Madagascar
- Claoxylon physocarpum - Sumatra
- Claoxylon platyphyllum - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon porphyrostemon - Papua New Guinea
- Claoxylon praetermissum - Sabah
- Claoxylon pseudoinsulanum - Kalimantan Timur
- Claoxylon psilogyne - Vanuatu
- Claoxylon pubescens - Philippines
- Claoxylon purpureum - Philippines, Sulawesi
- Claoxylon putii - Thailand
- Claoxylon racemiflorum - Réunion
- Claoxylon raymondianum - Madagascar
- Claoxylon rostratum - Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Myanmar
- Claoxylon rubescens - Lombok, Philippines
- Claoxylon rubrivenium - Luzon
- Claoxylon salicinum - Sabah
- Claoxylon salomonense - Papua New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago, Solomon Islands
- Claoxylon samoense - Samoa
- Claoxylon sanctae-crucis - Santa Cruz Islands
- Claoxylon sandwicense - Hawaii
- Claoxylon sarasinorum - Sulawesi
- Claoxylon scabratum - New Guinea
- Claoxylon setosum - Réunion
- Claoxylon spathulatum - Philippines
- Claoxylon stapfianum - Sarawak, Sabah
- Claoxylon subbullatum - Sabah
- Claoxylon subsessiliflorum - Vietnam, Yunnan
- Claoxylon subviride - Philippines
- Claoxylon taitense - Society Islands
- Claoxylon tenerifolium - Queensland
- Claoxylon tenuiflorum - Aceh
- Claoxylon tetracoccum - West New Guinea
- Claoxylon tsaratananae - Madagascar
- Claoxylon velutinum - Kalimantan Timur
- Claoxylon vitiense - Fiji
- Claoxylon wallichianum - Peninsular Malaysia
- Claoxylon warburgianum - Sulawesi
- Claoxylon winkleri - Kalimantan Selatan
- Formerly included[1]
moved to other genera (Acalypha, Croton, Discoclaoxylon, Erythrococca, Lobanilia, Macaranga, Mallotus, Micrococca, Orfilea)
- C. africanum - Erythrococca africana
- C. angolense - Erythrococca angolense
- C. atrovirens - Erythrococca atrovirens
- C. bakerianum - Lobanilia bakeriana
- C. barteri - Erythrococca africana
- C. beddomei - Micrococca beddomei
- C. capense - Micrococca capensis
- C. chevalieri - Erythrococca chevalieri
- C. columnare - Erythrococca columnaris
- C. cordifolium - Mallotus oppositifolius
- C. deflersii - Erythrococca abyssinica
- C. dewevrei - Erythrococca dewevrei
- C. digynum - Macaranga digyna
- C. flaccidum - Erythrococca atrovirens
- C. hexandrum - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
- C. hirsutum - Micrococca wightii var. hirsuta
- C. hirtellum - Lobanilia hirtella
- C. hispidum - Erythrococca hispida
- C. holstii - Micrococca holstii
- C. humblotianum - Micrococca humblotiana
- C. inaequilaterum - Erythrococca atrovirens
- C. kirkii - Erythrococca kirkii
- C. lancifolium - Micrococca lancifolia
- C. lasiococcum - Erythrococca trichogyne
- C. leucocarpum - Mallotus leucocarpus
- C. longifolium Baill. 1858, illegitimate homonym, not (Blume) Endl. ex Hassk. 1844 - Micrococca oligandra
- C. luteobrunneum - Lobanilia luteobrunnea
- C. macrophyllum Prain 1911, illegitimate homonym, not Hassk. 1848 - Erythrococca macrophylla
- C. mannii - Erythrococca mannii
- C. membranaceum - Erythrococca membranacea
- C. menyharthii - Erythrococca menyharthii
- C. mercurialis - Micrococca mercurialis
- C. mildbraedii - Erythrococca trichogyne
- C. molleri - Erythrococca molleri
- C. muricatum - Mallotus resinosus
- C. neraudianum - Orfilea neraudiana
- C. occidentale - Discoclaoxylon occidentale
- C. oleraceum - Erythrococca atrovirens
- C. oligandrum - Micrococca oligandra
- C. ovale - Lobanilia ovalis
- C. patulum - Erythrococca patula
- C. pauciflorum Müll.Arg. 1864 not Stapf 1894 - Erythrococca pauciflora
- C. pedicellare Müll.Arg. 1864 not Pax & K.Hoffm. 1914 - Discoclaoxylon pedicellare
- C. poggei - Erythrococca poggei
- C. polyandrum - Erythrococca polyandra
- C. preussii - Discoclaoxylon hexandrum
- C. purpurascens - Erythrococca molleri
- C. reticulatum - Acalypha filiformis
- C. rivulare - Erythrococca rivularis
- C. schweinfurthii - Erythrococca atrovirens
- C. sphaerocarpum - Croton sylvaticus
- C. spiciflorum - Acalypha spiciflora
- C. stipulosum - Mallotus dispar
- C. trichogyne - Erythrococca trichogyne
- C. triste - Erythrococca tristis
- C. virens - Erythrococca menyharthii
- C. volkensii - Micrococca volkensii
- C. welwitschianum - Erythrococca welwitschiana
- C. wightii - Micrococca wightii
References
- ^ a b c d World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Jussieu, Adrien Henri Laurent de. 1824. De Euphorbiacearum Generibus Medicisque earumdem viribus tentamen, tabulis aeneis 18 illustratum 43, pl. 14, f. 43
- ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ Forster, P.I. (2007). A taxonomic revision of Claoxylon A.Juss. (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya 7: 451-472.
- Kabouw, Patrick; Peter C. van Welzen; Pieter Baas; Bertie J. van Heuven (2008). "Styloid crystals in Claoxylon (Euphorbiaceae) and allies (Claoxylinae) with notes on leaf anatomy". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 156 (3): 445–457. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00757.x. Archived from the original on 2012-10-09.