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Italian destroyer Garibaldino

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Garibaldino on maneuvers.
History
Italy
NameGaribaldino
NamesakeAlternative term for a "Redshirt," a volunteer soldier who followed the Italian patriot Giuseppe Garibaldi during his campaigns
BuilderGio. Ansaldo & C., Genoa, Kingdom of Italy
Laid down23 October 1905
Launched12 February 1910
Completed1 June 1910
CommissionedJune 1910
FateSunk in collision 16 July 1918
General characteristics [1]
Displacement395–424 long tons (401–431 t)
Length
  • 64.4 m (211 ft 3 in) wl
  • 65.0 m (213 ft 3 in) oa
Beam6.1 m (20 ft 0 in)
Draught2.1 m (6 ft 11 in)
Propulsion
Speed28.5 knots (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph)
Complement55
Armament

Garibaldino (an alternative term for "Redshirt") was a Soldato-class ("Soldier"-class) destroyer of the Italian Regia Marina (Royal Navy). Commissioned in 1910, she served in the Italo-Turkish War and World War I. During the latter conflict she sank after a collision in 1918.

Design

Garibaldino was powered by two sets of triple expansion steam engines fed by three Thornycroft water-tube boilers, producing an estimated 6,000 indicated horsepower (4,474 kW) and driving two propeller shafts. As built, she could reach a maximum speed of 28.5 knots (52.8 km/h; 32.8 mph). Originally, she had a fuel capacity of 95 tonnes (93 long tons) of coal, giving her a range of 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and 400 nautical miles (740 km; 460 mi) at 23.5 knots (43.5 km/h; 27.0 mph); she later was converted to burn fuel oil, with a fuel capacity of 65 tonnes (64 long tons) of oil. She was fitted with four 76-millimetre (3 in)/40 calibre guns and three 450-millimetre (17.7 in) torpedo tubes.[1][2][3][4]

Construction and commissioning

Garibaldino was laid down on 23 October 1905 at the Gio. Ansaldo & C. shipyard in Genoa, Italy. She was launched on 12 February 1910 and completed on 1 June 1910.[1] She was commissioned in June 1910.

Service history

Italo-Turkish War

The Italo-Turkish War began on 29 September 1911 with the Kingdom of Italy′s declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire. At the time, Garibaldino was part of the 4th Destroyer Division along with her sister ships Bersagliere, Granatiere, and Lanciere.[5] That day, she became the first ship to enter the port of Tripoli on the coast of Ottoman Tripolitania, where she demanded the port's surrender. By 30 September 1911, she was participating along with Lanciere, the battleships Napoli and Roma, the armored cruisers Francesco Ferruccio, Giuseppe Garibaldi, and Varese, the torpedo cruiser Coatit, and the destroyers Euro, Freccia, Ostro, and Strale in a blockade of Tripoli.[6]

In January 1912 Garibaldino, her sister ship Artigliere, and the protected cruiser Piemonte deployed to the Red Sea to search for Ottoman ships along the coast.[7] On 7 January 1912 Artigliere came across a large group of Ottoman ships – the gunboats Ayintag (or Antep),[8] Bafra,[9] Gökçedağ,[10] Kastamonu,[11] Ordu,[12] and Refahiye,[13] the armed tug Muha, and the armed steam yacht Şipka[14] (formerly Fuad, Fauwette, or Fouvette) — in the harbor at Kunfuda on the coast of the Arabian Peninsula. The Ottoman vessels moved to attack Artigliere, and Garibaldino and Piemonte rushed to her aid. The ensuing clash, the Battle of Kunfuda Bay, lasted for three hours. Opening fire at a range of 4,500 metres (4,900 yd), the Italians sank three of the gunboats and forced the other three to beach themselves to avoid sinking, their crews fleeing after reaching shore. Sources do not mention the fate of Muha. On 8 January, the Italian ships returned and put ashore landing parties which completed the destruction of the beached gunboats after salvaging guns and trophies from them. The ships then bombarded Kunfuda and captured four Arab dhows. After the Ottoman troops in the area fled, a landing party from Piemonte occupied the town, Sources are unclear as to whether Şipka sank or remained afloat during the events of 7–8 January, but agree that the Italians seized her as a prize, towed her to Massawa, and later took her to Italy, where she was incorporated into the Regia Marina as the gunboat Cunfuda.[7][15][16][17]

The war ended on 18 October 1912 in an Italian victory.

World War I

World War I broke out in 1914, and Italy entered the war on the side of the Allies with its declaration of war on Austria-Hungary on 23 May 1915. At the time, Garibaldino, under the command of Capitano di fregata (Frigate Captain) De Grossi, was part of the 3rd Destroyer Squadron, based at Brindisi, which also included Artigliere, Bersagliere, Lanciere, and their sister ship Corrazziere.[18] On 24 May 1915, the day after Italy's declaration of war, Garibaldino, Lanciere, and their sister ships Alpino, Carabiniere, and Fuciliere conducted a patrol in the upper Adriatic Sea.[19]

On 29 May 1915 Garibaldino, Artigliere, Bersagliere, and Lanciere bombarded the Adria Werke chemical plant in Monfalcone, a production site for poison gases, while Alpino, Corazziere, and their sister ship Pontiere provided support. [19] The ships carried out another bombardment of the Adria Werke on 7 June 1915.[19]

On 23 February 1916, under the command of Capitano di fregata (Frigate Captain) Brescia, Garibaldino, Bersagliere, and Corazziere escorted 12 steamers and two tugs to Durrës (known to the Italians as Durazzo) on the coast of the Principality of Albania.[19]

In October 1916 Garibaldino, her sister ship Ascaro, the destroyers Borea and Nembo, and four torpedo boats provided protection and support to a landing force consisting of Francesco Ferruccio and the steamers Ausonia, Bulgaria, Choising, and Polcevera sent to occupy Sarandë (known to the Italians as Santi Quaranta) in Albania. At 05:15 on 2 October 1916, four platoons of sailors, a unit of miners, and a unit of personnel from Francesco Ferruccio landed on the beach and quickly occupied the area, the 32 members of the Greek garrison at Sarandë having no option other than to retreat after protesting the Italian operation. After disembarking an infantry battalion and a cavalry squadron, the steamers departed at 16:00 on 2 October for Vlorë, where they embarked more troops. On 3 October, Ausonia and Polcevera landed a pack artillery battery and a second cavalry squadron, and on 4 October the operation was completed when Bulgaria and Choising put another infantry battalion and a third cavalry squadron ashore.[20]

On 16 July 1918 Garibaldino sank in the Mediterranean Sea off Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, after the British naval trawler HMT Cygnet collided with her.[21][22] She was the only ship of her class lost in the war.

References

  1. ^ a b c Fraccaroli 1985, p. 268.
  2. ^ Fraccaroli, Aldo (1970). Italian Warships of World War I. Ian Allan. p. 67. ISBN 0711001057.
  3. ^ Marina Militare (in Italian).
  4. ^ Soldati type 1st group destroyers (Artigliere, 1907 - 1910) - Regia Marina (Italy).
  5. ^ Beehler 1913, p. 10.
  6. ^ "L'inizio delle ostilità" (pdf) (in Italian). March 2008.
  7. ^ a b La Guerra Italo Turca - Betasom - XI Gruppo Sommergibili Atlantici (in Italian).
  8. ^ TDT Antep - Warships 1900-1950 Archived 29 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ TDT Bafra - Warships 1900-1950 Archived 29 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ TDT Gökçedağ - Warships 1900-1950 Archived 29 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ TDT Kastamonu - Warships 1900-1950 Archived 29 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ TDT Ordu - Warships 1900-1950 Archived 29 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  13. ^ TDT Refahiye - Warships 1900-1950 Archived 29 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, pp. 15–16
  15. ^ Langensiepen & Güleryüz, p. 16
  16. ^ Beehler 1913, p. 51.
  17. ^ anmi taranto Archived 10 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Favre, pp. 67, 70, 98, 129, 189..
  19. ^ a b c d Favre, pp. 67, 70, 97, 155, 172..
  20. ^ Favre, pp. 98, 155..
  21. ^ Italian Destroyers.
  22. ^ Italian Garibaldino - Warships 1900-1950 Archived 2014-04-29 at the Wayback Machine.

Bibliography

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