Jump to content

Waiake

Coordinates: 36°42′26″S 174°44′59″E / 36.7071°S 174.7497°E / -36.7071; 174.7497
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Duncnbiscuit (talk | contribs) at 08:46, 30 April 2024 (→Bibliography). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Waiake
Suburb
Sunrise at Waiake Beach
Sunrise at Waiake Beach
Map
Coordinates: 36°42′26″S 174°44′59″E / 36.7071°S 174.7497°E / -36.7071; 174.7497
CountryNew Zealand
CityAuckland
Local authorityAuckland Council
Electoral wardAlbany[1]
Local boardHibiscus and Bays
Area
[2]
 • Land125 ha (309 acres)
Population
 (June 2024)[3]
 • Total4,060
Postcode(s)
0630
Torbay Heights Torbay Hauraki Gulf
Northcross
Waiake
 Hauraki Gulf
Northcross Browns Bay Hauraki Gulf

Waiake is one of the northernmost suburbs of the North Shore, in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located in the East Coast Bays between the suburbs of Browns Bay to the south and Torbay to the north. It has a beach (named Waiake Beach), which looks out to the Tor, a presque-isle at the north end of the beach that becomes an island at high tide. Waiake is under the local governance of the Auckland Council.

Geography

A biology trip to the Waitemata Group sandstone cliffs south of Waiake Beach

Waiake is a suburb of North Shore in Auckland, New Zealand, adjacent to Waiake Beach. It is in the East Coast Bays area, surrounded by Torbay, New Zealand to the north and west, and Browns Bay to the south.[4][5] Deep Creek is a stream along the border between Torbay and Waiake that flows eastwards into Waiake Beach.[6]

The bay to the east of the suburb is called Torbay,[7] which has a small coastal stack presque-isle known as the Tor.[8][9] The south-eastern headland of the suburb is called Tipau Point.[10]

The land at Torbay is primarily made up of Waitemata Group sandstone, which formed during the Miocene approximately 16 to 22 million years ago on the seafloor. Gradually, the seafloor was uplifted due to tectonic forces.[9] Prior to human settlement, pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of Waiake.[11]

History

Tipau Point between Waiake and Browns Bay was the location of Ōmangaia, a defensive headland pā in the 18th century

Māori history

Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries.[12][13] The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū.[14] During his arrival in New Zealand, Hoturoa, captain of the Tainui, guided the waka to the Waiake Lagoon (Deep Creek), which was a safe anchorage for the canoe.[15]

Many of the early Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho.[16] While the poor soils of the upper North Shore hindered dense settlement,[17] traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds.[18] The headland near the Tor to the east of Waiake is a known pā site.[19]

The traditional name for the wider Torbay area is Waiake, meaning "Eternal Spring",[9][20] referring to a pool upstream of Deep Creek known as a good location to catch kahawai.[4] An alternative explanation of the name is that the name means "Waters of Akeake", referring to Dodonaea viscosa (akeake / broadleaf hopbush).[15] The mouth of Deep Creek is a kāinga site. Stone adzes have been found at the river mouth, and remains of waka and paddles have been found in Deep Creek.[15][9] Lonely Track Road was an overland ara (pathway), linking the Lucas Creek in the north-western Waitematā Harbour to the streams of the east coast, such as the Awaruku Creek.[9]

The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore.[21][22] After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"),[23][24] Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu.[24][25]

By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore.[26] During these events in the latter 18th century, Tipau Point to the east of Browns Bay was the location of Ōmangaia Pā, a defensive pā site associated with the Ngāti Tai Manawaiti chief, Te Hehewa.[27][28] After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s.[29] The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of rewharewha, respiratory diseases.[30] During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s.[13][26][31]

A traditional story involving the Tor at Waiake involves Moeroa, the beautiful daughter of a local chief. Moeroa used to sit on the cliffs of the Tor, where she sung with tūī and korimako, and wove mats. One day, the cliffs gave way and she fell to her death, after which the island became tapu. The events likely occurred in the early 19th century.[15][9]

European settlement

Ferry steamer at Waiake Beach, ca 1910

In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Ārai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango.[32][33][25][34] The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders.[33][34]

The first European land owner in Waiake was John Logan Campbell, who purchased Allotment 189 (Ōkura to Browns Bay) in 1864, believing that there was coal in the area.[35][36] The search for coal was unsuccessful, so Campbell sold the land in the 1870s.[37] Early names for the area included McGowan's Beach, Rock Isle Beach, Oneroa Bay and Deep Creek.[38][39] Around the year 1880, a British farmer, Mr. Long, purchased 200 acres of land around Waiake and Torbay, naming his farm Rock Island and Waiake Beach Rock Isle Beach.[40] After he died, his land was sold to Captain Charles Cholmondeley-Smith,[40] who grew tobacco, until the market crashed and he established the Glenvar Wine Company.[41] Cholmondeley-Smith's sons established a sawmill, where kauri logs from the Coromandel Peninsula were processed,[41] and a flaxmill was established on the property.[38]

The first wharf on Waiake Beach was constructed circa 1880 by the Cholmondeley-Smith family, and ferries were the major means of transport well into the 1920s.[42] Waiake Beach became known as McGowan's Beach in the early 20th century, after Scottish resident Anstruther McGowan, who periodically lived in Waiake between 1908 and 1936.[43][44]

Local government

From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland.[45] In 1954, the area split from the county, forming the East Coast Bays Borough Council,[45] which became East Coast Bays City in 1975.[46] In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City.[46] North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010.[47]

Within the Auckland Council, Waiake is a part of the Hibiscus and Bays local government area governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.

Amenities

  • Waiake Beach, and the adjacent Waiake Beach Reserve.[48] The Torbay Sailing Club, established in 1959, is located adjacent to the beach.[49]
  • Waiake / Aickin Reserve, an open reserve on the shores of Deep Creek.[50]

Demographics

Waiake covers 1.25 km2 (0.48 sq mi)[2] and had an estimated population of 4,060 as of June 2024,[3] with a population density of 3,248 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20063,615—    
20133,720+0.41%
20183,885+0.87%
Source: [51]

Waiake had a population of 3,885 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 165 people (4.4%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 270 people (7.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,299 households, comprising 1,911 males and 1,974 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.97 males per female. The median age was 39.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 726 people (18.7%) aged under 15 years, 771 (19.8%) aged 15 to 29, 1,827 (47.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 561 (14.4%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 81.7% European/Pākehā, 4.9% Māori, 1.9% Pacific peoples, 14.9% Asian, and 2.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 46.1, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 54.0% had no religion, 37.0% were Christian, 0.2% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.7% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 1.8% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 981 (31.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 300 (9.5%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $41,000, compared with $31,800 nationally. 831 people (26.3%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,668 (52.8%) people were employed full-time, 501 (15.9%) were part-time, and 96 (3.0%) were unemployed.[51]

References

  1. ^ "Albany Ward" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  2. ^ a b "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 12 June 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 26 October 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Waiake". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Torbay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  6. ^ "Deep Creek". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Torbay". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  8. ^ "The Tor". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Lutz, Heike; Chan, Theresa (2011). North Shore heritage – North Shore area studies and scheduled items list: volume 2 parts 6+ (PDF). Heritage Consultancy Services (Report). Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  10. ^ "Tipau Point". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  11. ^ Veart, Dave (2018). The Māori Archaeology of Te Raki Paewhenua/North Shore (Report). Auckland North Community and Development. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-9941358-4-1.
  12. ^ Pishief, Elizabeth; Shirley, Brendan (August 2015). "Waikōwhai Coast Heritage Study" (PDF). Auckland Council. Retrieved 14 February 2023.
  13. ^ Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki (April 2016). Cultural Values Assessment Report to New Zealand Transport Agency for Northern Corridor Improvements Project (NCI) (PDF) (Report). NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  14. ^ a b c d Willis 2018, pp. 6.
  15. ^ Mossman, Sarah (August 2018). Cultural Values Assessment for America's Cup 36 - Wynyard and Hobson Planning Application (PDF). Te Kawerau Iwi Tribunal Authority (Report). Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  16. ^ Heritage Consultancy Services (1 July 2011). North Shore Heritage - Thematic Review Report Volume 1 (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. ISBN 978-1-927169-21-6. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  17. ^ McKenzie, Fiona (June 2016). Cultural Impact Assessment for the NZ Transport Agency's Northern Corridor Improvements (PDF). Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust (Report). NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  18. ^ Schedule 14.1 Schedule of Historic Heritage (PDF) (Report). Auckland Council. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  19. ^ OurAuckland (24 June 2020). "Torbay gem gets a helping hand". Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  20. ^ "Waitākere Ranges Heritage Area" (PDF). Auckland Council. December 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
  21. ^ Murdoch, Graeme (1990). "Nga Tohu o Waitakere: the Maori Place Names of the Waitakere River Valley and its Environs; their Background History and an Explanation of their Meaning". In Northcote-Bade, James (ed.). West Auckland Remembers, Volume 1. West Auckland Historical Society. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0-473-00983-8.
  22. ^ Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  23. ^ a b Whaanga, Mel (March 2022). "He taonga o te rohe". Restore Hibiscus & Bays. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
  24. ^ a b Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of settlement schedule documents" (PDF). NZ Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  25. ^ a b New Zealand Government; Ngāti Paoa (20 March 2021). "Ngāti Pāoa and the Trustees of the Ngāti Pāoa Iwi Trust and The Crown Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  26. ^ "Ōmangaia Pā". New Zealand Gazetteer. Land Information New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  27. ^ Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and the Trustees of the Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki Trust and the Crown (7 November 2015). "Deed of settlement schedule documents" (PDF). NZ Government. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
  28. ^ "Wenderholm Regional Park: Our History" (PDF). Auckland Council. 2015. Retrieved 4 May 2023.
  29. ^ McKenzie, Fiona (May 2017). "Cultural Values Assessment for the Warkworth North Structure Plan and Associated Development" (PDF). Manuhiri Kaitiaki Charitable Trust. Auckland Council. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  30. ^ Ngāti Manuhiri; The Crown (21 May 2011). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims" (PDF). New Zealand Government. Retrieved 18 May 2022.
  31. ^ Rigby, Barry (August 1998). The Crown, Maori and Mahurangi 1840-1881 (PDF) (Report). Waitangi Tribunal. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  32. ^ a b Stone 2001, pp. 188.
  33. ^ a b Te Kawerau ā Maki; The Trustees of Te Kawerau Iwi Settlement Trust; The Crown (22 February 2014). "Deed of Settlement of Historical Claim" (PDF). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  34. ^ Cass 1989, pp. 5–6.
  35. ^ Willis 2018, pp. 7, 13.
  36. ^ Willis 2018, pp. 13.
  37. ^ a b Cass 1989, pp. 3–4.
  38. ^ Willis 2018, pp. 6–7.
  39. ^ a b Willis 2018, pp. 7.
  40. ^ a b Willis 2018, pp. 8.
  41. ^ Willis 2018, pp. 9.
  42. ^ Sheehan 2019, pp. 12.
  43. ^ "McGowan house on Ellangowan Road, Torbay, 1908". Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. E0073. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  44. ^ a b Reidy, Jade (2009). "How the West Was Run". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. pp. 238–239. ISBN 9781869790080.
  45. ^ a b Mace, Tania (October 2006). "Browns Bay Heritage Walk" (PDF). North Shore City Council. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  46. ^ Blakeley, Roger (2015). "The planning framework for Auckland 'super city': an insider's view". Policy Quarterly. 11 (4). doi:10.26686/pq.v11i4.4572. ISSN 2324-1101.
  47. ^ "Waiake Beach Reserve". Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  48. ^ "Mission Statement & History". Torbay Sailing Club. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  49. ^ "Waiake / Aickin Reserve". Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 July 2023.
  50. ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Waiake (117900). 2018 Census place summary: Waiake

Bibliography

  • Cass, David (1989). ECB – the Years to 1989. East Coast Bays City Council.
  • Sheehan, Vanessa (2019). An Almost Complete History of the East Coast Bays.
  • Stone, R. C. J. (2001). From Tamaki-makau-rau to Auckland. Auckland University Press. ISBN 1869402596.
  • Willis, Jenny (2018). Early History of East Coast Bays (Second ed.).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Waiake&oldid=1221498463"