Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne
The Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne | |
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![]() The Earl in 1923 | |
Born | Claude George Bowes-Lyon 14 March 1855 Belgravia, Middlesex, England |
Died | 7 November 1944 Glamis, Angus, Scotland | (aged 89)
Buried | Glamis Castle |
Spouse(s) | |
Issue |
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Father | Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne |
Mother | Frances Dora Smith |
Claude George Bowes-Lyon, 14th and 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, KG, KT, GCVO, TD (14 March 1855 – 7 November 1944), styled as Lord Glamis from 1865 to 1904, was a British peer and landowner who was the father of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and the maternal grandfather of Queen Elizabeth II.
Life and family
The Earl was born in Lowndes Square, London, the son of Claude Bowes-Lyon, 13th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, and the former Frances Smith.[1] His younger brother, Patrick Bowes-Lyon, was a tennis player who won the 1887 Wimbledon doubles.
After being educated at Eton College, the Earl received a commission in the 2nd Life Guards in 1876 and served for six years until the year after his marriage.[2] He was an active member of the Territorial Army and served as honorary colonel of the 4th/5th Battalion of the Black Watch.[2]
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Upon succeeding his father to the Earldom on 16 February 1904, he inherited large estates in Scotland and England, including Glamis Castle, St Paul's Walden Bury, Gibside Hall and Streatlam Castle in County Durham and Woolmers Park, near Hertford.[2] He was made Lord Lieutenant of Angus,[nb 1] an office he resigned when his daughter became queen. He had a keen interest in forestry and was one of the first to grow larch from seed in Britain. His estates had a large number of smallholders, and he had a reputation for being unusually kind to his tenants.[3] His contemporaries described him as an unpretentious man, often seen in "an old macintosh tied with a piece of twine".[4] He worked his own land and enjoyed physical labour on the grounds of his estates; visitors often mistook him for a common labourer.[5] He made his own cocoa for breakfast, and always had a jug of water by his place at dinner so he could dilute his own wine.[6]
Despite the Earl's reservations about royalty,[7] in April 1923, his youngest daughter, Elizabeth, married Prince Albert, Duke of York, the second son of King George V and Queen Mary. Lord Strathmore was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order to mark the marriage. His granddaughter, Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II), was born at his home, 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair, in April 1926. In 1928, he was made a Knight of the Thistle.[8]
In 1936, his son-in-law became king and assumed the name George VI. As the father of the new queen, he was created a Knight of the Garter and the 1st Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, a United Kingdom peerage in the Coronation Honours of 1937 (although he was the 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne which was a Scottish title). This enabled him to sit in the House of Lords as an earl (because members of the peerage of Scotland did not automatically sit in the House of Lords, he had previously sat only as a baron through the Barony of Bowes created for his father).[8] At the coronation of his daughter and son-in-law, the Earl and Countess sat in the royal box with Queen Mary and their shared granddaughters, Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret.
Later in life, the Earl became extremely deaf.[6] Lord Strathmore died of bronchitis on 7 November 1944, aged 89, at Glamis Castle.[9] (Lady Strathmore had died in 1938.[2]) He was succeeded by his son, Patrick Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis.
Marriage and issue
He married Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck on 16 July 1881 in Petersham, Surrey.[1][10] The couple had ten children. The Earl would part his moustache in a theatrical, but courteous gesture, before kissing them:[11]
Name | Birth | Death | Age | Notes |
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The Hon. Violet Hyacinth Bowes-Lyon | 17 April 1882 | 17 October 1893 | 11 years | She died from diphtheria and was buried at St Andrew's Church, Ham.[12] She was never styled 'Lady' because she died before her father succeeded to the Earldom. |
Lady Mary Frances Bowes-Lyon | 30 August 1883 | 8 February 1961 | 77 years | She married Sidney Elphinstone, 16th Lord Elphinstone; in 1910, and had issue. |
Patrick Bowes-Lyon, Lord Glamis | 22 September 1884 | 25 May 1949 | 64 years | He married Lady Dorothy Osborne (daughter of George Osborne, 10th Duke of Leeds) in 1908, and had issue. In 1944, he became 15th and 2nd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. |
Lieutenant The Hon. John Bowes-Lyon | 1 April 1886 | 7 February 1930 | 43 years | Known as Jock,[13] he married The Hon. Fenella Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis (daughter of Charles Hepburn-Stuart-Forbes-Trefusis, 21st Baron Clinton) in 1914, and had issue. |
The Hon. Alexander Francis Bowes-Lyon | 14 April 1887 | 19 October 1911 | 24 years | Known as Alec,[13] he died in his sleep of a tumour at the base of the cerebrum, unmarried.[14] |
Captain The Hon. Fergus Bowes-Lyon | 18 April 1889 | 27 September 1915 | 26 years | He married Lady Christian Dawson-Damer (daughter of Lionel Dawson-Damer, 5th Earl of Portarlington) in 1914, and had issue. He was killed in the early stages of the Battle of Loos. |
Lady Rose Constance Bowes-Lyon | 6 May 1890 | 17 November 1967 | 77 years | She married William Leveson-Gower, 4th Earl Granville in 1916, and had issue. |
Lieutenant-Colonel The Hon. Michael Claude Hamilton Bowes-Lyon | 1 October 1893 | 1 May 1953 | 59 years | Known as Mickie,[13] he was a prisoner of war (at Holzminden prisoner-of-war camp) during World War I.[15] He married Elizabeth Cator in 1928. She was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Prince Albert, Duke of York, and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon on 26 April 1923.[16] Their children were Michael Bowes-Lyon, 17th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne, Lady Mary Colman and Lady Patricia Tetley.[17] He died of asthma and heart failure in Bedfordshire. |
Lady Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon | 4 August 1900 | 30 March 2002 | 101 years | In 1923, she married the Duke of York, the future King George VI, and had issue, including Queen Elizabeth II. She became queen consort in 1936, and in later life, after the death of her husband, she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. |
The Hon. Sir David Bowes-Lyon | 2 May 1902 | 13 September 1961 | 59 years | He married Rachel Clay in 1929, and had issue. |
Ancestry
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Arms
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Notes
- ^ The county of Angus was called Forfarshire until 1928.
Footnotes
- ^ a b White, Geoffrey and Cokayne, G. E., The Complete Peerage, St Catherine's Press, London, 1953; vol. XII, pp. 402–3.
- ^ a b c d The Times (London), Wednesday, 8 November 1944, p. 7, col. C.
- ^ Grant, F.J., revised by K.D. Reynolds, "Lyon, Claude George Bowes-, fourteenth earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of Scotland, and first earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne in the peerage of the United Kingdom (1855–1944)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004.
- ^ Forbes, p. 7.
- ^ Forbes, pp. 8–9.
- ^ a b Vickers, p. 5.
- ^ Forbes, p. 166; Vickers, p. 45.
- ^ a b Mosley, Charles, (ed.) Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, Burke's Peerage and Gentry LLC, 2003; vol. III, pp. 3783–4.
- ^ Vickers, p. 247.
- ^ Sampson, June (7 February 1998). "The Petersham wedding which produced a future Queen of England". News Shopper.
- ^ Vickers, p. 4.
- ^ Vickers, p. 7.
- ^ a b c Forbes, p. 3.
- ^ Vickers, p. 13.
- ^ Vickers, p. 320.
- ^ "The Queen Mother in pictures". The Daily Telegraph. 30 March 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
- ^ Obituaries, Telegraph (21 January 2021). "Lady Mary Colman, cousin of the Queen and dedicated supporter of Norfolk good causes – obituary". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
References
- Forbes, Grania, My Darling Buffy: The Early Life of The Queen Mother (Headline Book Publishing, 1999) ISBN 978-0-7472-7387-5
- Vickers, Hugo, Elizabeth: The Queen Mother (Arrow Books/Random House, 2006) ISBN 978-0-09-947662-7
External links
- 1855 births
- 1944 deaths
- Bowes-Lyon family
- British Life Guards officers
- Deaths from bronchitis
- Deputy Lieutenants of Dundee
- Earls of Strathmore and Kinghorne
- Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
- Knights of the Garter
- Knights of the Order of St John
- Knights of the Thistle
- Lord-Lieutenants of Angus
- People educated at Eton College
- Earls created by George VI