Melbourne central business district
| Melbourne Melbourne, Victoria | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Looking towards the CBD across the Yarra River from Alexandra Avenue | |||||||||||||||
| Population | 20,361 (2006) [1] | ||||||||||||||
| Established | 1835 | ||||||||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 3000, 3004 | ||||||||||||||
| LGA(s) | |||||||||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Melbourne, Albert Park, Prahran | ||||||||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Melbourne, Melbourne Ports | ||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||
The Melbourne city centre (referred to as The City or The CBD (Central Business District) or more recently in planning parlance, The CAD, or Central Activities District) is a locality surrounded by metropolitan Melbourne which comprises the original settlement, the central business district, parkland and other built-up areas. It is the oldest part of Melbourne and includes many of the city's important institutions and landmarks, such as Parliament, the Supreme Court, Federation Square, Flinders Street Station and the Royal Botanic Gardens. The city centre is located in the local government areas of the City of Melbourne and small parts of it are in City of Port Phillip.
Although the city centre is one of the most developed areas of Melbourne, demographically it is one of the less densely populated, due to its core being commercial.
Although the area is described as the centre, it is not actually the demographic centre of Melbourne at all, due to an urban sprawl to the south east, the demographic centre being located at Bourne St, Glen Iris.[3]
It does however represent the financial centre of Melbourne, with the vast majority of corporate headquarters located within the locality.
History
Melbourne's central grid patterned layout, known as the Hoddle grid, was first layed out in 1837. From the 1870s to 1920s, the central part of Melbourne was home to mostly medical professionals who had established practices along Collins Street and Spring Street[4] and before the 1960s, only a handful of permanent residents lived in the Spring Street area and St Kilda Road. The area was largely unpopular for residents and council policies did not permit development of apartment style housing in the area.
St Kilda Road was annexed in the 1960s and given the postcode of Melbourne 3004 to stimulate office development along the strip and reduce pressure on overdevelopment of the Hoddle Grid. The result was the demolition of many of the street's grand mansions.
Things changed somewhat due to the Kennett government's Postcode 3000 planning policy in the 1990s, which provided incentives for living in the central area.
Although the city centre now includes St Kilda Road, it competes for office space with Southbank, Docklands and the major outer suburban centres such as Box Hill, Glen Waverley and increasingly South Yarra.
Geography
The city centre is bordered by Spencer Street to the west and extends north as far as Grattan Street which borders Carlton. The border extends along La Trobe Street, William Street, Peel Street, Grattan Street, taking in the Queen Victoria Market, Berkeley Street, Victoria Street. To the east it is bordered by Spring Street, however the area extends east to take in parts of Wellington Parade, Brunton Avenue, Punt Road and the Yarra River. It borders South Yarra to the south east at Anderson Street, Domain Road, Domain Street, Arnold Street, Fawkner Park, Commercial Road, High Street. It also borders both St Kilda along St Kilda Road and Albert Park along Queens Road, Lakeside Drive and South Melbourne along Albert Road, Kings Way, Palmerston Cresent, Wells Place and finally Southbank along St Kilda Road and the south side of Flinders Street (Northbank) which includes Flinders Street Station and the Melbourne Aquarium.
Demographics
Melbourne has one of the fastest growing residential populations in Australia. Residents of the city centre are of mixed social status.[5] On one hand, living in the centre of the city offers proximity to work and the best access to public transport. On the other hand, there are many strata titled studio apartments that have no carparks and limited space. As a result there is a mix of students and young urban professionals living in the locality of Melbourne.
Culture and sport
.jpg){kind=link}
Most professional sporting clubs represent Melbourne the city (ie. Melbourne Victory, Melbourne Storm). An exception is the Melbourne Cricket Club and Melbourne Football Club (its offshoot) both based at the Melbourne Cricket Ground which was built in Jolimont, adjacent to the city but a locality of the suburb of East Melbourne. Both were the first clubs of their respective sports and established in a time when the city's population was still very small and limited to a handful of inner suburbs. As a result, the Melbourne Cricket Club has a fairly exclusive membership, whilst the Melbourne Football Club, although bearing the name Melbourne, is associated by the supporters of other suburban clubs as representing the central suburb and perceive its supporters to represent the locality and not the entire city.[6] As a result, despite its rich tradition and early success, it is one of the least supported clubs in the VFL/AFL. The lack of identity resulted in a push for the Melbourne Hawks, which was stopped by intervention from Joseph Gutnick and the majority of the Hawthorn Football Club members. It has had intense rivalries with younger clubs from the adjacent inner suburbs such as the Collingwood Football Club and early inter-town rival Geelong Football Club. The Melbourne Football Club has recently made efforts to shed its suburban tag and be embraced by the whole metropolitan area.[7]
References
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). "Melbourne (State Suburb)". 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- ^ Domain.com.au Suburb Report - Melbourne (Nov 06) Accessed 22 November 2006
- ^ Glen Iris still the heart of city's sprawl, The Age, 5 August 2002
- ^ Collins Street from the City of Melbourne
- ^ City of Melbourne - Research - Who lives in the city?
- ^ Melbourne Demons - The rust bucket of Australia from ConvictCreations.com
- ^ A new base for Demons? from the Age