Australian Formula 2
Australian Formula 2, sometimes abbreviated to AF2 or ANF2, is a wings and slicks formula racing category in Australia. The category is one of Australia's oldest, dating back to 1964. The current format of AF2 was introduced in 1978. Brian Shead of Cheetah Racing Cars and Garrie Cooper of Elfin Racing Cars were largely responsible for the development of the format, which was devised to suit the needs of Australian drivers, most of whom had little or no sponsorship and had to bear the costs of racing out of their own pockets.
The class was an amalgamation of the previous Australian Formula 2 and Australian Formula 3 categories, using the same or newly developed cars, but powered by production-based single-cam, 2 valve per cylinder engines, with an engine capacity between 1100cc and 1600cc. Popular engines initially included the Toyota 2T, Ford Kent and Holden Gemini. Later on the Volkswagen Golf became the engine of choice due to its lighter weight and greater power levels. Initially the new format proved to be very successful, attracting the largest grids seen in Australian formula racing for years. The manufacture of cars in Australia for the formula flourished. It wasn't uncommon to see cars designed and built by the same person that drove them.
For a brief period when Formula 5000 was in its final death throes, AF2 was arguably Australia's top class of racing car. It had a national series as well as various state series. AF2 was bumped down from being the number one Australian racing formula with the introduction of the slightly faster but far more expensive Formula Pacific category. Throughout the 1980s AF2 remained an extremely popular and competitive category.
In 1989 CAMS introduced international Formula Three into Australia. AF2 was meant to become the second tier of Formula Three and then to be killed off. For this reason CAMS ceased to recognise national AF2 titles after 1988. Despite this AF2 refused to die and remained a popular Formula, perhaps because it was a far cheaper formula than Formula Three and Formula Brabham/Holden/4000.
Since then, the popularity of AF2 has slowly diminished and the series has shrunken from being a national series, to one that is contested in New South Wales, although there are plans afoot to also incorporate Victoria.
Timeline
- 1964–1968 : 1100cc maximum capacity
- 1969–1970 : 1600cc maximum capacity
- 1971–1977 : 1600cc maximum capacity, two valves per cylinder
- 1978–Present : 1600cc maximum capacity, single camshaft
Engine
In the current form of AF2, the engine must be based on one from a mass produced vehicle. Popular engines include the pushrod hemi headed Toyota 2T, the crossflow Ford Kent, and Holden Gemini, but the most common is the Volkswagen Golf. The Volkswagen Golf is popular due to its lighter weight and greater power levels. AF2 engines must use carburetors for fuel induction, with most running Weber carburetors. AF2 engines are now limited to 8500 rpm although in the past prior to the introduction of rev limiters, engine revs over 10,000 rpm were not uncommon. AF2 engines typically produce in the order of 180 to 200 horsepower.
Chassis
The majority of AF2 cars produced in the late 1970s and 1980s are made from an aluminium monoquue, just as Formula One cars of the era were. Such cars often weigh in under 400 kilograms (880 lb) and the allowable racing weight including the driver is 510 kilograms (1,120 lb). Newer cars such as those made by Reynard and Dallara during the 1990s are made of carbon fibre and are actually heavier than the aluminium cars, although they are also more aerodynamic. The newer cars have a 530kg racing weight, which helps to equalise their performance with the older cars. AF2 cars feature prominent front and rear wings. The wheels are 13 inches (33 cm) in diameter, with the front wheels typically 9 inches (23 cm) wide and rears typically 11 inches (28 cm) wide. They are configured as an open-wheeler, and are shod with control Dunlop radial slicks.
Transmission
Like most formula cars, the transmission is at the rear of the car, situated behind both the engine and driver. The most common transmission in aluminium monoque cars is the 5 speed Hewland Mk9 transaxle, but the Hewland Mk8 and stronger FT200 transaxles are also used. Another popular transaxle used in monoque cars, mainly Cheetah Racing cars was manufactured by Holinger Engineering. Like the Hewland Mk8 and Mk9 it is also based on the Volkswagen transaxle. Newer carbon Fibre Dallaras and Reynards typically use transaxle housings manufactured by the car manufacturer, although they sport Hewland internals.
Performance
Power levels approaching 200 horsepower combined with a racing weight of only 510 to 530kg, provide a power to weight ratio similar to a V8 Supercar. This allows AF2 cars to accelerate very quickly out of corners and to develop some reasonable top speeds. The approximate 0 to 160 km/h time for an AF2 is 5 seconds. Because the cars are so low, and light and because they have grippy slick tyres and front and rear wings to force them to the ground, the cars are capable of generating very high G forces when cornering and braking.
Current regulations — Australian Formula 2 Club Inc.
The engine must be based on that from a mass produced vehicle, it must have a capacity between 1100cc and 1600cc, have a single camshaft operating no more than 2 valves per cylinder and use carburetors for fuel induction. A rev limiter must be fitted to limit maximum engine RPM to 8500.
The bodywork must be of an "open wheel" configuration and there are limitations on both the position and size of the front and rear wings. The car must have a flat floor between the front and rear wheels and the minimum weight of the combined car and driver (racing weight) is either 510kg or 530kg depending on the age of the car.
The class uses a "control tyre" manufactured by Dunlop, to ensure both close competition and good tyre life.
List of Australian Formula 2 champions
| Season | Driver | Car |
|---|---|---|
| 1964 | Greg Cusack | Elfin Ford |
| 1965 | Greg Cusack | Brabham Ford |
| 1966–1968 | No championship | |
| 1969 | Max Stewart | Mildren Waggott |
| 1970 | Max Stewart | Mildren Waggott |
| 1971 | Henk Woelders | Elfin 600E Ford |
| 1972 | Larry Perkins | Elfin 600B Ford |
| 1973 | Leo Geoghegan | Biranna 273 Ford |
| 1974 | Leo Geoghegan | Biranna 274 Ford |
| 1975 | Geoff Brabham | Biranna 274 Ford |
| 1976 | Graeme Crawford | Biranna 273 Ford |
| 1977 | Peter Larner | Elfin 700 Ford |
| 1978 | No championship | |
| 1979 | Brian Shead | Cheetah Mk6 Toyota |
| 1980 | Richard Davison | Hardman JH1 Ford |
| 1981 | John Smith | Ralt RT1 Ford |
| 1982 | Lucio Cesario | Ralt RT3 Volkswagen |
| 1983 | Ian Richards | Richards 201 Volkswagen |
| 1984 | Peter Glover | Cheetah Mk7 Volkswagen & Toyota |
| 1985 | Peter Glover | Cheetah Mk8 Volkswagen |
| 1986 | Jonathon Crooke | Cheetah Mk8 Volkswagen |
| 1987 | Arthur Abrahams | Cheetah Mk8 Volkswagen |
| 1988 | Rohan Onslow | Cheetah Mk8 Volkswagen |
CAMS recognition of the Australian Formula 2 Championship as a national title did not extend beyond 1988
| Season | Driver | Car |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | Kevin Weeks | Ralt RT32-Volkswagen |
| 1990–1995 | No information available | |
| 1996 | Bronte Rundle | Reynard-Volkswagen |
| 1997 | Wayne Ford | Ralt-Volkswagen |
| 1998 | David Bruce | Reynard-Volkswagen |
| 1999 | Rod Anderson | Reynard-Volkswagen |
| 2000 | Tom Brickley | Kaditcha-Volkswagen |
| 2001 | Ian Black | Reynard-Volkswagen |
| 2002 | Ted Dunford (New South Wales Championship) | Reynard-Volkswagen |
| 2002 | Troy Chaplin (Queensland Championship) | Ralt RT34 Volkswagen |
| 2003 | Ted Dunford | Reynard-Volkswagen |
| 2004 | Kevin Lewis | Cheetah-Volkswagen |
| 2005 | Greg Hunter | Reynard-Volkswagen |
| 2006 | Kevin Lewis | Cheetah-Volkswagen |
| 2007 | Edward Gavin | Cheetah-Volkswagen |
Australian Formula 2 lap records
| Track | Distance | Driver | Car | Year | Time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calder Park Raceway, National Circuit | 2.280 km | D. Bruce | Reynard 893-Volkswagen | 19 May 1996 | 57.9272s |
| Calder Park Raceway, Club Circuit | Lucio Cesario | Ralt RT3-Volkswagen | 42.0200s | ||
| Mallala Motorsport Park | 2.20 km | Barry Ward | Reynard 893-Volkswagen | 1m07.3s | |
| Morgan Park Raceway | 2.1 km | ||||
| Oran Park Raceway South Cicuit | 1.96 km | Arthur Abrahams | Reynard 933 | 18 July 1993 | 0:39.9000 |
| Sandown Raceway | 3.1 km | Barry Ward | Reynard-Volkswagen | 19 May 1991 | 1m:14.47 |
| Winton Motor Raceway National Circuit | 3.0 km | Paul Stephenson | Dallara-Volkswagen | June, 1999 | 1m23.8310s |
| Symmons Plains | 2.4 km | Jon Crooke | Cheetah Mk8 - Judd Golf VW | 1996-03-09 | 54.73s |
| Baskerville | 2.01 km | Jon Crooke | Cheetah Mk8 - Judd Golf VW | 1986-03-16 | 50.24s |
| Surfers Paradise | 3.2 km | Jon Crooke | Cheetah Mk8 - Judd Golf VW | 1986-05-18 | 1m07.3s |
| Oran Park | 2.62 km | Jon Crooke | Cheetah Mk8 - Judd Golf VW | 1986-06-08 | 1m05.8s |
| Lakeside | 2.4 km | Jon Crooke / Arthur Abrahams | Cheetah Mk8 - Judd Golf VW | 1986-06-15 | 50.6s |
| Sandown | 3.9 km | Arthur Abrahams | Cheetah Mk8 - Golf VW | 1986-09-14 | 1m40.2s |
| Amaroo Park | 1.946 km | Arthur Abrahams | Cheetah Mk8 - Golf VW | 1987-06-21 | 46.52s |
| Winton Motor Raceway - Short Circuit | 2.03 km | Arthur Abrahams | Ransberg Cheetah Mk8 - Golf VW | December 1988 | 56.9600s |
| Eastern Creek Raceway | 3.93 km | Arthur Abrahams | Ransberg Cheetah - Golf VW | 1991-08-25 | 1m29.3500s |
| Wakefield Park | 2.2 km | Craig Smith | Cheetah Mk8 - Golf VW | 2001-09-16 | 59.0361s |
List of manufacturers raced in Australian Formula 2
Australian manufacturers
Arbyen, Argus, ASP, Avanti, Birrana, Bowin, CBS, Cheetah, Crabtree, CRD, Elfin, Hardman, HTG, Kaditcha, Liston, Mantis, Mildren, PBS, Rennmax, Richards, SAM, Sirch, Wren,.
International manufacturers
Brabham, Chevron, Dallara, Lola, Lotus, Magnum, March, McLaren, Ralt, Reynard, Van Diemen
Famous alumni (non champions)
John Bowe, Peter Brock, Alfredo Costanzo.
References
- CAMS Manual of Motor Sport
- Confederation of Australian Motor Sport