Philtrum
| Philtrum | |
|---|---|
 Philtrum highlighted in sunlight | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | medial nasal prominence[1] |
| Identifiers | |
| TA98 | A05.1.01.007 |
| TA2 | 222 |
| FMA | 59819 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The philtrum (Greek philtron (φιλτρον), from philein (φιλειν), "to love; to kiss"), also known as the infranasal depression, or Bruce's Fossa is the vertical groove in the upper lip, formed where the nasomedial and maxillary processes meet during embryonic development.
The philtrum allows humans to express a much larger range of lip motions than would otherwise be possible, which enhances vocal and nonverbal communication.[citation needed]
Pathology
When these processes fail to fuse fully, a cleft lip (sometimes called a "hare lip", or "meermeer") can result.
A flattened or smooth philtrum can be a symptom of Fetal alcohol syndrome.[2]
Etymology
The ancient Greeks believed that the philtrum was one of the most erogenous spots on the human body, hence the etymology.[3]
Aquatic ape hypothesis
The aquatic ape hypothesis provides a potential explanation for the philtrum[4]. The hooded nose in the human species is seen as an adaptation that is not seen in the apes, preventing water from entering the nasal passage while swimming. Several people have reported an ability to block their nostrils completely with the philtrum. This would have been a further useful adaptation for a diving species, though millennia of living on dry land means that this adaptation has not been retained by all people.
Mythology
According to the Jewish Talmud (Niddah 30b), God sends an angel to each womb and teaches a baby all the wisdom that can be obtained. Just before the unborn baby comes out, the angel touches it between the upper lip and the nose and all that it has taught the baby is forgotten.
Commentaries on this particular story can be found in "What the Angel Taught you" by Rabbi Noah Weinberg and Yaakov Salomon (ISBN 1-57819-134-3).
Similarly, in other folksayings, it is said that an angel "shushes" the baby in the womb, to stop it from talking about heaven, or to forget. Other stories say that it is an indent left by the finger of God. Still more say that it is the spot where the angel put his finger to "shush" the child after having told it a secret. (This was memorably referenced in the film The Prophecy by the arch-angel Gabriel (Christopher Walken).)
See also
References
- ^ hednk-032—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
- ^ FAS Clinical
- ^ Template:EMedicineDictionary
- ^ Morgan, Elaine (1997). The Aquatic Ape Hypothesis. Souvenir Press. ISBN 0-285-63518-2.
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