Puducherry (union territory)

Puducherry

புதுச்சேரி
పాండిచెర్రి
പുതുശ്ശേരി
Territoire de Pondichéry
Union Territory of Pondicherry
Puducherry புதுச்சேரி; పాండిచెర్రి ; പുതുശ്ശേരി ; Territoire de Pondichéry; Union Territory of Pondicherry
union territory
• Rank	3rd
Population
• Total	973,829
• Rank	2nd
Website	www.pondicherry.nic.in

Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry^ⓘ; Tamil: புதுச்சேரி, Telugu: పాండిచెర్రి, Malayalam: പുതുശ്ശേരി, French: Pondichéry) is a Union Territory of India. It is a former French colony, consisting of four non-contiguous enclaves, or districts, and named for the largest, Pondicherry.

In September 2006, the territory and the city changed its official name from Pondicherry to the vernacular original,^[1] Puducherry, which means "New village"^[2] It is also known as The French Riviera of the East (La Côte d'Azur de l'Est).

Geography

Pondicherry consists of four unconnected districts: Pondicherry, Karaikal, and Yanam on the Bay of Bengal and Mahé on the Arabian Sea. Puducherry (Pondicherry) and Karaikal are by far the larger ones, and are both enclaves of Tamil Nadu. Yanam and Mahé are enclaves of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala, respectively. The territory has a total area of 492 km²: Puducherry (city) 293 km², Karaikal 160 km², Mahé 9 km² and Yanam 30 km². It has 900,000 inhabitants (2001).

History

File:PeriplusMap.jpg

Pondicherry was mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 1st century CE.

French influence

There are evidences on the Romans visit to Pondicherry and trade activities done as in early 800 BC. The Pondicherry Museum has Roman cups, jars and the coins traded in Pondicherry at that time. There is also evidence of the visit of St. Xavier to Pondicherry.

A remarkable degree of French influence in Pondicherry exists to this date. The design of the city of Pondicherry was based on the French (originally Dutch, the plans of Pondicherry dating from the end of the seventeenth century (1693-1694) are preserved in the National Archives at The Hague) grid pattern and features neat sectors and perpendicular streets. The entire town is divided into 2 sections, the French Quarter ('Ville Blanche' or 'White town') and the Indian quarter ('Ville Noire' or 'Black Town'). The history of French India is lead by Joseph Francois Dupleix, governor general of the French establishment in India, and rival of Robert Clive. Dupleix was primarily responsible for the Carnatic Wars. At first Dupleix was successful in resisting the attacks of the English East India Company, but he lost in the later battles.

There is also french influence in the layout of the city. The numbering of the houses are also unique compared to other cities in Tamil Nadu, that is all the even numbers are on one side and the odd number are on the opposite side of the road.

Official languages of government

Template:IndiaCensusPop Official languages of Pondicherry are French, Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam. Status of each languages varies differently with respect to each district. When communicating between districts of different languages, generally English is used for convenience^{[citation needed]}.

1.French: It is also the official language of Pondicherry Union territory. It was the official language of French India (1673-1954) and its official language status was preserved by Traité de Cession (Treaty of Cession) signed by India and France on 28 May 1956.

It remained as the de jure official language of Puducherry U.T by the Article XXVIII of Traité de Cession which states that,

Le français restera langue officielle des Établissements aussi longtemps que les représentants élus de la population n'auront pas pris une décision différente (French version)
The French language shall remain the official language of the Establishments so long as the elected representatives of the people shall not decide otherwise (English version)

Regional official languages

2.Tamil: Language used by the Pondicherry Government when communicating within and between the Tamil majority districts of Pondicherry and Karikal. Also the official language in Tamil Nadu state.

3. Telugu: Another official language of Pondicherry, but used more within Yanam (Telugu district). So, more correctly, it is considered a regional official language of Puducherry while being the official language of Yanam District. It also has an official language status in the state of Andhra Pradesh.

4. Malayalam: Another official language of Puducherry, but used more within Mahé (Malayalam district). So, more correctly, it is considered a regional official language of Pondicherry while being the official language of Mahé District. It also has an official language status in Kerala State and Lakshadweep Islands Union Territory.

Language spoken in numbers

As of 2001, number of people speaking in each official languages are, ^{[citation needed]}

Tamil: 820,749 (In Pondicherry and Karaikal Districts)
Malayalam: 36,823 (In Mahe District only)
Telugu: 31,362 (In Pondicherry and Yanam Districts)
French: Above 10,000

Government & administration

Special Administration Status

According to Traité de cession dated 1956, the four former French colonies were assured of maintaining their special administrative status. That is why Pondicherry is the only Union Territory with some special provisions like Legislative Assembly, French as official language, etc.

The Article II of Traité de Cession states that,

The Establishments will keep the benefit of the special administrative status which was in force prior to 1 November 1954. Any constitutional changes in this status which may be made subsequently shall be made after ascertaining the wishes of the people.

Pondicherry in literature

Ananda Ranga Pillai (1709-1761), a dubash and famous writer.
Pondicherry was the setting for the first third of the Booker prize-winning novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel.
Lee Langley's novel A house in Pondicherry was likewise set there.
In Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Prince Pondicherry has Willy Wonka build him a castle made entirely of chocolate, which quickly melts.
In The second Sherlock Holmes novel, The Sign of Four by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the family of a murder victim resides at Pondicherry Lodge.
Some Novels of M. Mukundan, Mahe former employee of French Embassy and famous Malayalam Writer .

Economy

Macro-economic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Puducherry at market prices estimated by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation with figures in millions of Indian Rupees.

Year	Gross State Domestic Product
1980	1,840
1985	3,420
1990	6,030
1995	13,200
2000	37,810

Puducherry's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $2 billion in current prices. The potential for fisheries is substantial in the Union Territory. The four regions of the Union Territory have a coastline of 45 km with 675 km² of inshore waters, 1.347 ha of inland water and 800 ha of brackish water. There are 27 marine fishing villages and 23 inland fishing villages with fishermen population of about 65,000 of which 13,000 are actively engaged in fishing. Irrigation tanks and ponds are also tapped for commercial fish rearing. The Railways play a vital role for speedy economic growth. The entire cost towards execution of the new broad gauge line for 10.7 km from Karaikal to Nagore would now be funded by the Ministry of Railways and work has already been awarded on turn key basis for laying the new railway line in a period of 18 months. The present availability of power is about 400 MW. The demand is likely to increase with the development of Port, Special Economic Zone, other industrial development, trade, commerce etc.It has been decided to expand the Puducherry Airport so that air services could improve gradually over years, to land ATR to Boeing aircraft, to meet the growing demand for air travel. A MoU has already been signed with Airports Authority of India for expansion of Puducherry Airport in two phases.

Tourist spots

Places to visit

References

External links

Template:India

[1] Bill to rename Pondicherry as Puducherry passed

[2] BBC: "New name for old French territory"

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