George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

George Stephen
The 1st Baron Mount Stephen
Born	(1829-06-05)5 June 1829 Dufftown, Banffshire, Scotland, United Kingdom
Died	29 November 1921(1921-11-29) (aged 92)

For the High Master of St Paul's School (London), see George Martin Stephen.

The Right Honourable George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen (June 5, 1829 – November 29, 1921) was a Scots-Quebecker banker and railway executive in Canada.

Early life and career

Born in Dufftown, Banffshire, Scotland, the son of a carpenter, he was educated at the parish school, after which he worked as a farm worker. At the age of 21 he emigrated to Canada where for the next 15 years he laboured in a relative's textile business. Driven by a desire to succeed and his strong work ethic, Stephen also demonstrated a strong business acumen. By 1866 he was running his own successful wool-importing company then began investing in other enterprises. In the 1860s he entered the railroad business by purchasing a major share position in the Montreal Rolling Stock Company. In 1868 Stephen joined with Richard Bladworth Angus, Andrew Paton, and his cousin Donald Alexander Smith to establish the textile manufactory, Paton Manufacturing Company in Sherbrooke, Quebec. Finance was a key element in the development of the Quebec and Canadian economies, and Stephen's abilities saw him appointed a director of the Bank of Montreal in 1873 then named as the bank's president three years later, a position he held until 1881 when he resigned to devote his full attention to running the company that built the Canadian Pacific Railway.

Both he and his wife, Charlotte Kane, were sport fishing enthusiasts. In 1880 they had built a fishing camp at the confluence of the Matapédia and Cascapédia rivers. Their fishing lodge is today a museum open to the public.

Canadian Pacific Railway syndicate

George Stephen partnered with Donald Alexander Smith, James Jerome Hill, and Norman Kittson to purchase the near-bankrupt St. Paul and Pacific Railway in Minnesota in the United States. They turned the business around, restoring profitability and expanding its lines. Renamed the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway, Stephen and his partners then sold it out for an enormous profit. So successful were he and his partnership that they won a contract with the Government of Canada to build the Canadian Pacific Railway. Named the company's first president, he oversaw the huge and difficult task of constructing the costly transcontinental railway. Because of his banking experience, Stephen proved capable of putting together the complicated financing needed to complete the project, despite cost overruns from numerous unanticipated engineering and other problems.

Having risked most of his wealth to build the CPR, the success of the railroad soon made George Stephen enormously rich. With business partner Donald Smith, he donated the money to build the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal.

Later years

George Stephen retired to England, where in 1891 he was awarded a barony, becoming the first Canadian to attain the status of peer. His assumed title, the Right Honourable the Baron Mount Stephen, was derived from a mountain in the Kicking Horse River Valley of Yoho National Park in British Columbia previously named in his honour. He lived at Brocket Hall in Welwyn, Hertfordshire until his death in 1921, aged 92.

After his death, his home in Montreal, built at an estimated cost of $600,000 in 1880, was converted to a private club in 1928. Today, the Mount Stephen Club has a gourmet restaurant open to the public and the building is regarded as one of the city's most important heritage properties.

Charlotte, Lady Mount Stephen, née Kane

George Stephen married Charlotte Kane in 1853; they had no biological children, but adopted a daughter, Alice, who married Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote and became the spouse of the Governor-General of Australia.

An avid fisherman as well, Charlotte Stephen fished with her husband in Canada and the rivers of Scotland. She apparently introduced the canoe to Scotland during one of her stays there. She died in 1896.

Gian, Lady Mount Stephen, DBE

In 1897 Lord Mount Stephen married Gian Tufnell, who had been Lady-in-Waiting to Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck, the mother of Queen McFart. She was a lifelong friend and confidant of Queen Mary and she and Lord Mount Stephen regularly entertained the Queen at Brocket Hall. Gian, Lady Mount Stephen was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1919.

External links

• Biography from Digital collections of Canada
• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online