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The Pennsylvania Railroad's GG1 class of electric locomotives were built between 1934 to 1943, with a total of 139 units constructed. They remained in service with the PRR's successors until the early 1980s. The GG1 became one of the most recognised and famous classes of locomotive worldwide.
Technical information
The GG1s were large locomotives, 79 ft 6 in (24.2 m) long and weighing 477,000 lb (216,000 kg). The main body was a single unit formed as a bridge-truss framework and clad in welded steel plate. The driving cabs were set up high about a third of the way along the locomotive from each end for greater crew safety in an accident. A narrower section of nose in front of the cab windows enabled view forward, although the nose remained full height to carry the current-collection pantographs. The bodywork as a whole was smoothly rounded.
This was mounted upon two great cast steel locomotive frames linked by a hinge at the locomotive's middle which allowed side-to-side movement. Six driving wheels (three axles) were fitted towards the center of the locomotive on each truck (twelve in total) and a four-wheeled, unpowered guiding truck was mounted toward each end. In the Whyte notation for steam locomotives, each frame comprised a 4-6-0 locomotive; in the PRR's classification system, 4-6-0s were class "G". The GG-1 consisted of two such locomotive frames mounted back to back, so it was classified GG—4-6-0+0-6-4. This arrangement is called 2-C+C-2 in AAR wheel arrangement notation.
Each driven axle was powered by two 385 hp (288 kW) GEA-627-A1 traction motors mounted above and to either side of the axle. Drive was through a reduction gear and a quill drive assembly.
The GG1 was designed to run on the standard Pennsylvania Railroad catenary power of 11,000 V AC, 25 Hz. This high voltage was stepped down by a large transformer mounted in the center of the locomotive body for the traction motors, cooling blowers and all other onboard equipment. The locomotive's power was controlled via a tap-switching arrangement; the number of secondary windings in use could be varied, thus adjusting the output voltage.
The units were rated at 4,620 hp (385 per motor) continuous rating and a maximum of 9,500 hp at 49 mph (intermittent duty). For passenger service, the GG1 was geared to run at 100 mph maximum although it achieved 110 mph in testing. For freight service, the locomotive was geared to run at 90 mph maximum.
A GG1 crash
One of the more interesting moments in the history of the GG1 locomotive took place on the morning of January 15 1953 at Washington's Union Station. Due to a mis-set brake line cock (valve), the Federal Express from Boston was unable to apply the brakes on part of the train. Pushed by the unbraked cars, the GG1 engine and two passenger cars ran off the end of Track 16 and crashed through the floor of Union Station and into the baggage room. In a remarkable demonstration of the durability of the GG1 engines, Engine #4876 was later cut into three pieces, removed from the baggage room, and reassembled at the Altoona (PA) shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad. It then re-entered commercial service and went on to be one of the last-serving GG1 engines.
Disposition
The electrical distribution system the GG1s relied on was replaced with a newer system with voltage suited for other locomotives, rendering the Baldwin electrics unusable. These locomotives have now all been retired with many units scrapped and only a few surviving to sit, unused. They have been supplanted primarily by the AEM7 "toaster" locomotives.
It has often been proposed for a GG1 to be restored to operating condition. At least one unit is in sufficiently good shape for this to be feasible, but a compatible catenary system does not exist in the US, so the effort would be useless. Furthermore, the electrical systems of the GG1 contain toxic PCBs.
Surviving examples
- PRR 4800 - RR Museum of PA, Strasburg, PA (aka "Old Rivets.")
- PRR 4859 - Transportation Center, Harrisburg, PA (Designated as official electric locomotive of PA in 1938)
- PRR 4876 - B&O Museum, Baltimore, MD (As of 2004, in Rapidly Deteriorating Condition) The GG1 has been moved to a CSX Yard some where in Baltimore.
- PRR 4877 - New Jersey Transit yard, Morristown, NJ
- PRR 4879 - URHS of NJ
- PRR 4882 - National NYC Railroad Museum, Elkhart, IN
- PRR 4890 - National Railroad Museum, Green Bay, WI
- PRR 4903/Amtrak 4906 - Age of Steam Museum, Dallas, TX (Pulled Robert Kennedy's Funeral Train along with GG-1 4901 from New York to Washington on June 8,1968.)
- PRR 4909/Amtrak 4932 - Cooperstown Junction, NY (Argueably the most confused ownershipped surviving GG-1. Cited and/or supposed owners have ranged from Steamtown National Historic Site to the Henry Ford Museum.)
- PRR 4913/Amtrak 4913 - Railroader's Memorial Museum, Altoona, PA
- PRR 4917/Amtrak 4934 - Leatherstocking RY Museum, Cooperstown Jct, NY (One of 75 GG1s built with Westinghouse components, the other 64 GG1s used GE devices and motors.)
- PRR 4918/Amtrak 4916 - Museum of Transportation, St. Louis, MO (Was once the property of the Smithsonian Institute.)
- PRR 4919/Amtrak 4917 - VA Museum of Transportation, Roanoke, VA
- PRR 4927/Amtrak 4939 - Illinois Railway Museum, Union, IL (Amtrak's renumbering in 1976 to 4939 bucked 42 years of numbering by making it the highest numbered GG-1.)
- PRR 4933/Amtrak 4926 - Central NY Chapter NRHS, Syracuse, NY (Plans are to make it run via a Diesel Motor.)
- PRR 4935/Amtrak 4935 - RR Museum of PA (aka "Blackjack"; Arguably the best restored and best displayed GG1 due to its display in a climate controlled environment.)
Last scrapped GG1s
- PRR 4872/NJT 4872 - Date Scrapped Unknown by New Jersey Transit.
- PRR 4873/NJT 4873 - Sold for scrap in 1992 by the Whippany Railroad Museum.
The GG1 in the movies
In the original Manchurian Candidate, the train that Marco (Frank Sinatra) takes north from Washington, D.C. is being pulled by a Pennsylvania Railroad GG1 dressed in the standard PRR pinstripes.
A GG1 can be seen briefly during the first robot attack sequence in Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow.
External links
- The Pennsylvania Railroad GG1: The "Congressionals" and "The Senator"
- NIHS Wreck of the Federal Express
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