Main Street
Main Street is the metonym for a generic street name (and often the official name) of the primary retail street of a village, town, or small city in many parts of the world. It is usually a focal point for shops and retailers in the central business district, and is most often used in reference to retailing and socializing.
Main Street is commonly used in the United States, Canada, Ireland, some parts of Scotland and also in some countries in central Europe (e.g. Germany, Poland, and Slovakia). High Street is also common term in the United Kingdom and Australia though Main Street is used just as much such as in Upwey. In Jamaica as well as North East England and some sections of Canada, the usual term is Front Street. In Cornwall (and also in some towns in Devon), the equivalent is Fore Street. In the French-speaking Canadian province of Quebec, the term would be "rue Principale" (but "Grande rue" in France).
In some larger cities, there may be several Main Streets, each relating to a specific neighborhood or formerly separate city, rather than the city as a whole.
American cultural usage
In the general sense, the term "Main Street" refers to a place of traditional values.
In the North American media, "Main Street," or the interests of everyday working-class people and small business owners, is sometimes contrasted with "Wall Street" (in the United States) or "Bay Street" (in Canada), symbolizing the interests of corporate capitalism. For example, in the middle 20th century the Republican Party was sometimes divided between "Wall Street" (socially liberal) and "Main Street" (socially conservative) factions, of which the latter came to predominate late in the century.[citation needed]
Main Street was an extremely popular term during the economic crises in 2008 and 2009: the proposed bailout of U.S. financial system, the 2008 presidential campaign, and debates.
"Main Street" is part of the iconography of American life. Examples include:
- In the United States, the Army and Air Force Exchange Service, the outfit that operates the PX and BX stores on military bases, chose the name "Main Street USA" for its food courts.
- The novel Main Street, a critique of small town life, was penned by the American writer Sinclair Lewis.
- Two Walt Disney Company theme parks, Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and the Magic Kingdom in the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida, both have "Main Street, U.S.A." sections immediately at their front. These areas, which are designed to look like the main street of a small town, house gift shops, restaurants and various services, along with park offices on the second floors. While the architecture of these "streets" appears to be turn-of-the-century, in fact these are decorative false-fronts on industrial-style buildings. Main Street, U.S.A. is also present at Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland. At Tokyo Disneyland the area is named "World Bazaar," but has the same look as Main Street, albeit housed under a decorative glass roof for protection from Japan's unpredictable weather.
In small towns across the United States, Main Street is not only the major road running through town but the site of all street life, a place where townspeople hang out and watch the annual parades go by. A slang term popularized in the early 1900s, main drag, is also used to refer to a town's main street.
Preservation and Main Street
Main Street is the name of a community revitalization program begun by the National Trust for Historic Preservation in the late 1970s. The core of the Main Street philosophy is the preservation of the historic built environment by engaging in historic preservation. Main Street focuses on a holistic approach to revitalization based on the "4-point" approach of Design, Promotion, Economic Restructuring, and Organization. Originally targeted at small, traditional downtowns, over the years the program expanded to include towns of various sizes and now even includes neighborhood districts in several large urban centers. A full list of Main Street Programs in the United States is available on Wikipedia, or by visiting the National Main Street Center website. [1]
International equivalents
- In Hong Kong, "Main Street" can be translated in Chinese into "Zheng Jie" (正街) or "Da Jie" (大街); however, the actual "正街", in Hong Kong, officially "Centre Street" is a branch road off Sheung Wan District.
- In England, the terms "Market Street" or "Market Place" are often used to designate the heart of a town or city, as is the more common High Street (certainly in newer urban developments, or towns or cities which were not original market towns). High Street is often the name of a fairly busy street with small shops on either side, often in towns and villages.
- In Sweden, almost all towns and cities have their own main street, a street called "Storgatan" (literally, "The big street"). They are typically surrounded by stores and restaurants, and in most cases open for pedestrians only, where no vehicles are allowed. Likewise in Norway, this type of street is called "Gågate" (literally "Walkingstreet").
- In Ireland most towns have a 'main street', and is usually the term given colloquially for example, in offering road directions, though the primary thoroughfare of cities are often named after an historical figure e.g. O'Connell Street. A more recent phenomenon in the media and with younger people is the misapplication of the term 'high street' to describe typical or average street level fashion - this likely due to advertising by the entry of various British retail multiples into Ireland during the 'Celtic Tiger' years.
- Many Canadian cities and towns also have Main Streets. In Toronto, however, Main Street is a mostly residential avenue in the city's east end. (It was at one time the main street of the hamlet of East Toronto, which was annexed by the city of Toronto in 1908. It has kept its historic name, and evidence of its commercial origins can be seen in the stores at the corner of Main and Gerrard Streets.) Saint Laurent Boulevard, which divides Montreal between east and west, is unofficially known as "the Main."
- Jalan Besar (roughly translated from Malay as "Main Road") is a common street name used in Malaysia (and to a more limited extent, Singapore) when referring to main streets of older urban centres in the country. Such main streets were originally constructed during British colonisation of territories in present day Malaysia and Singapore, and were named in English as "Main Street" or "Main Road", depending on the size and nature of the urban centre. The independence of states that would form Malaysia and the introduction of the Malay language as the country's national language in 1967 led to extensive renaming of certain Main Streets or Main Roads to "Jalan Besar" in the following decades.
- In Australia and New Zealand, smaller urban centres often have a main street. In some towns this street is officially designated Main Street or High Street; rarer variants include Main Road, Commercial Road, and Commerce Street. Often, though, the street is given a name peculiar to the town. For many small towns, the main street forms part of the principal road into, or through, the town. Large centres often have a central business district in which no one street is a clear focus for commercial activity, though for historical or cultural reasons there is often one street regarded as the city's "main street". Examples include Melbourne's Collins Street, Adelaide's King William Street, Auckland's Queen Street, and Christchurch's Colombo Street.
- In South Africa, Main Road is the term used for the same concept as Main Street in the U.S. and High Street in the U.K.
- In Cambodia, The Main Road is between the Rice fields and settlements.
See also
References
- ^ "Home Page". Main Street. National Main Street Center. 2009-04-09.
External links
- Mapping Main Street Mapping Main Street is a collaborative documentary media project that creates a new map of the country through stories, photos and videos recorded on actual Main Streets.
- Schneider-Cowan, Joy, "A Case Study of the San Marcos Main Street Program" (2007). Applied Research Projects. Texas State University. Paper 268.