Art Ross

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Art Ross
Hockey Hall of Fame, 1945
Born January 13, 1886
Naughton, ON, CAN
Died August 5, 1964(1964-08-05) (aged 78)
Medford, MA, USA
Height 5 ft 11 in (180 cm)
Weight 190 lb (86 kg; 13 st 8 lb)
Position Point/Defence
Played for Montreal Wanderers
Ottawa Senators
Haileybury Comets
Playing career 1905–1918

Arthur Howey "Art" Ross (January 13, 1886 – August 5, 1964) was a Canadian ice hockey defenceman and executive from 1905 until 1954. One of the best defenders of his era, he was one of the first to skate with the puck up the ice. He won the Stanley Cup twice in a playing career that lasted thirteen seasons; in January 1907 with the Kenora Thistles and 1908 with the Montreal Wanderers. Like other players of the time, Ross played for several different teams and leagues, and is most notable for his time with the Wanderers while they were members of the National Hockey Association (NHA) and its successor, the National Hockey League (NHL). In 1911 he led one of the first organised player strikes. When the Wanderers home arena burned down in January 1918, the team left the NHL and Ross retired as a player.

After several years as an on-ice official, he was named head coach of the Hamilton Tigers for one season. When the Boston Bruins were formed in 1924, Ross was hired as the first coach and general manager of the team. He would go on to coach the team on four separate occasions until 1945 and stayed as general manager until his retirement in 1954. Ross helped the Bruins finish first place in the league ten times, and won the Stanley Cup three times, with Ross coaching the team to one of those victories.

Outside of his association with the Bruins, Ross also had a large part in improving the game. He created the style of hockey puck that has continued to be used, and advocated an improved style of goal nets, a change that lasted forty years. In 1947 Ross donated the Art Ross Trophy, awarded to the leading scorer of the NHL regular season. When the Hockey Hall of Fame was founded in 1945, Ross was one of the original twelve inductees.

Born and raised in northern Ontario, Ross moved to Montreal at a young age in order to pursue a future in hockey. He excelled in several other sports in addition to hockey, including baseball, football, lacrosse, and motorcycle racing. After being hired by the Bruins, Ross, along with his wife and two sons, moved to a suburb of Boston, and became an American citizen in 1938. He died near Boston in 1964

Early life

Ross was born January 13, 1886 in Naughton, Ontario. His father, Thomas B. Ross, was the head of a Hudson's Bay Company trading post in the area. The twelfth of thirteen children, Ross grew up speaking both English and Ojibwe, a native Canadian language.[1] He first learned to skate on Whitefish Bay, part of Lake Superior, as a child, using skates that clamped onto shoes. Skilled in many sports, Ross moved to Montreal in 1902 to play in organised hockey leagues.[2] Ross lived in the affluent Westmount district of Montreal, where he played high school and junior hockey along with Lester and Frank Patrick, who would both be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame.[3][4] Ross and Lester had a financially successful ticket resale business at the Montreal Arena. They would buy tickets priced at thirty-five cents and sold them for up to a dollar.[5]

Playing career

The best hockey players on their high school team, Ross and the Patrick brothers were often asked to play a few games for teams in local leagues all across Montreal.[4] Ross first played in an organised league in 1905 when he joined the Montreal Westmount team of the Canadian Amateur Hockey League (CAHL), the top amateur league in Canada. He scored ten goals in eight games, and was regarded by those he played against as one of the best defencemen at skating up the ice with the puck.[6] In 1905, he moved to Brandon, Manitoba to pursue a career in banking and joined the Brandon Elks of the Manitoba Hockey League, the senior league in the province, and scored six goals in seven games. The Kenora Thistles, the champions of the Manitoba league, wanted to strengthen their team and paid Ross $1,000 to play two games for their team in their Stanley Cup challenge in Montreal against the Montreal Wanderers in January 1907, a common practice at the time. Though he did not score a goal, Ross was an important part of the Thistles; he started many plays, and though on the opposite team, the Montreal crowd applauded his actions.[6] Ross helped the Thistles defeat the Wanderers and win the Cup.[7]

The following year he moved back to Montreal and joined the Wanderers, who played in the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA), the successor league to the CAHL as the premier league in the country; he scored eight goals in ten games and helped the team finish first in the ECAHA and retain the Cup again in 1908 during challenges by teams from Ottawa, Winnipeg, and Toronto.[6] In January, he participated in the first all-star game in sports history, a benefit for the family of former Wanderer defender Hod Stuart, who died the previous summer.[8] After the Wanderers retained the Cup throughout 1908, Ross became the second player to win the Cup with different teams in consecutive years, after Jack Marshall, who won it in 1901 and 1902.[9] Aside from his time with the Wanderers, Ross also played a few games with other teams who paid for his services for important matches, a common practice at the time.[7] For the 1908–09 season Ross had demanded a salary of $1,600, though had to settle for $1,200; the average salary of hockey players at the time was $600. Ross received a cash bonus of $400 to play in a Stanley Cup challenge against a team from Edmonton in December 1908; the Wanderers won the two-game, total-goal series 13–10. He finished the season with two goals in nine games.[10]

The Kenora Thistles posing for a photo with the Stanley Cup in 1907. Ross is in the front row, far right.

A new league, the Canadian Hockey Association, was formed in 1909 and Ross was hired as a playing-manager for one of the teams, the All-Montreal Hockey Club. The league only lasted a few weeks before it disbanded. Ross, who had four goals in the four games he played in the CHA, then signed with the Haileybury Comets of the National Hockey Association (NHA), another newly formed league and the successor to the ECAHA as highest level in Canada. He received $2,700 to play in the 1910 season, which lasted from January to March, playing in all twelve games for the team and finishing with six goals.[7][11] In November 1910 the NHA decided to impose a salary cap of $5,000 per team for the upcoming 1910–11 season. Unhappy with the cap, some players looked into forming their own league, one without a cap. Ross had a letter published in the Montreal Herald stating "all the players want is a fair deal ... The player are not trying to bulldoze the NHA, but we want to know where we get off at." The players had to abandon their plans as they realised that the NHA owned or leased all the suitable arenas.[12] Ross scored four goals in eleven games with the Wanderers, who finished fourth in the five team league, and in a game against the Quebec Bulldogs on February 25, 1911, Ross knocked out Eddie Oatman in a fight. This resulted in a massive brawl between the two teams that needed the police to break up.[13] The following season Ross had eleven goals in nineteen games as the Wanderers improved to second in the league.

The Ottawa Senators during the 1914–15 NHA season. Ross is in the back row, fourth from left.

Prior to the 1913–14 NHA season Ross held out on the Wanderers, asking for an increase in salary. As one of the top players on the team, the Wanderers relented before the season started and agreed to his demands of $1,500 for the season; he finished with four goals and nine points in eighteen games.[14] The next season Ross, again concerned about his salary, began to negotiate with other players in the NHA to leave their teams and start a new league, one that would pay the players more money. In November 1914 he was suspended by Emmett Quinn, president of the NHA for these actions.[15] Ross responded by declaring himself a free agent and claimed that his contract with the Wanderers was no longer valid. Quinn then suspended Ross from all of organised hockey, though he did not have the power to do so.[15] Following the failure of his proposed new league, Ross applied for reinstatement to the NHA. A meeting on December 18, 1914 between the team owners allowed him to return.[16] The owners realised that if they suspended Ross, they would have to suspend all the players he signed as well, which would hurt the league.[17] His actions led to him being released by the Wanderers, so he at first trained with the Montreal Canadiens, then joined the Ottawa Senators.[16] He scored three goals and had one assist in sixteen games for the Senators. In one match, a game against the Toronto Blueshirts in February 1915, Ross got in a fight with Minnie McGiffen; the referee, Cooper Smeaton, allowed the two to exchange blows without trying to break it up, before the police came down from the stands and arrested both players. Both men spent the night in prison before paying a fine of eight dollars.[18]

At the conclusion of the 1914–15 season, the Senators and Wanderers finished with identical records of fourteen wins and six losses, so a two game, total goal series was played to determine the league champion and NHA challenger for the Stanley Cup versus the Pacific Coast Hockey Association winner, the Vancouver Millionaires. Ross, who finished with three goals in sixteen games, scored one goal in the first game, a Senators 4–0 victory, and though they lost the second game 1–0, they won the series, 4–1.[19] To help the Senators stop the Wanderers, who were known for their speed, Ross created a new system of defence. Termed "kitty bar the door", it required three defenders to align themselves across the ice 30 feet in front of the goaltender to stop offensive rushes.[1] This style of defence would later be used in a modified version known as the neutral zone trap.[2] The next year Ross, who had eight goals and eight assists in twenty-one games, was the second highest paid player on the team; his salary of $1,400 was $100 less than Frank Nighbor made. Even so, Ross left the team in 1916 to return to Montreal in order to look after his sporting-goods store, and rejoined the Wanderers. He scored six goals and had two assists in sixteen games for the team.[20] The Wanderers, along with the Montreal Canadiens, Toronto Arenas, Quebec Bulldogs and Ottawa Senators dissolved the NHA and founded the National Hockey League (NHL) in November 1917, and Ross became coach of the team. After four games the Wanderers were forced to fold, as a fire destroyed the Montreal Arena, where they played, on January 2, 1918. However, the NHL insisted the team continue to play, and recorded two additional games the Wanderers had scheduled as defaulted losses for the team, even though the games were not played.[21] With the Wanderers disbanded, Ross retired as a player; his NHL career consisted of one goal in three games played.[7]

Post-playing career

Following his playing career, Ross became an NHL referee.[22] He was hired to coach the Hamilton Tigers for the 1922–23 season, and adopted new methods in training camp that emphasized physical training, which included off-ice work.[23] Even so, the Tigers finished with a record of six wins and eighteen losses, last in the NHL for the third straight year, and Ross did not return to coach the next season.[24] During the 1924 Stanley Cup Finals, Boston grocery store magnate Charles Adams first met Ross. On October 11, 1924 the NHL awarded an expansion team to Adams to begin play in Boston in 1924; he hired Ross as general manager, coach and scout of the team, named the Boston Bruins.[25][26] Ross knew many people associated with hockey throughout Canada and the United States, and utilised them to find players to sign. Even so, the team started poorly.[27] Early in the first season the University of Toronto hockey team was in Boston for a series against local universities. Conn Smythe, the manager of the university team and later owner and manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs, said that his team could easily defeat the Bruins, who had won two of their first fifteen NHL games. This was the start of a feud between Smythe and Ross, one that would last for decades.[28] The Bruins finished the season with six wins in thirty games, one of the worst records in the history of the league. Several records were set over the course of the season; the three home wins are tied for the second fewest ever, and an eleven game losing streak from December 8, 1924 until February 17, 1925 is tied for the second longest streak.[29] The following season the team greatly improved, with 17 wins in 36 games, to finish one point out of a playoff spot.[26]

In 1926 the Western Hockey League, the other top professional hockey league, was in decline. The Patrick brothers controlled the league, and offered to sell the five remaining teams in the league for $300,000. Ross realised the potential of talent that the league had, and convinced Adams to purchase the league. As a result, the Bruins acquired the rights to several future Hall of Fame players, the most notable being defender Eddie Shore.[30] Ross also signed goaltender Cecil "Tiny" Thompson in 1928, who was with a team in Minnesota, despite never watching him play;[31] Ralph "Cooney" Weiland was also brought over from Minnesota.[32] Ross acquired Cy Denneny from Ottawa and made him a player-coach; Ross continued on as manager of the team. The team also moved to a new arena on November 20, 1928 when the Boston Garden opened with the Bruins playing the Canadiens. In front of 16,000 fans, Montreal won the game 1–0.[33] This helped the Bruins improve quickly, and they won the Stanley Cup in 1929. Denneny retired after the Cup win and Ross again became coach of the team.[26] As coach of the Bruins again, Ross led the team to establish several league records in the 1929–30 season. The team won 38 of 44 games for an .875 winning percentage, the highest in league history; the five losses is tied for the fewest ever, and the four road losses are tied for second fewest. The Bruins also only finished one game in a tie, a record.[29] One of the longest winning streaks was also set during the season; from December 3, 1929 until January 9, 1930 the team won fourteen games in a row, the third longest home winning streak; a home winning streak began on the same date and lasted twenty games, until March 18, 1930, which is still tied for the longest winning streak at home.[34] The following season had the Bruins again only lose one game at home, which tied their previous record.[29]

While coach of the Bruins, Ross became the first coach to substitute his goaltender for an extra skater. In a playoff game against the Montreal Canadiens on March 26, 1931, Ross had goaltender Tiny Thompson go to the bench for a sixth skater in the final minute of play; even so, the Bruins lost the game 1–0.[32] He stepped aside as coach of the Bruins in 1934 to focus on managing the team, and hired Frank Patrick as coach for the high salary of $10,500. However, prior to the start of the 1936–37 season he took over for Patrick.[32] There were rumours that Patrick, a Methodist, was drinking heavily and not being strict enough with the Bruins players. After the Bruins lost their playoff series with the Toronto Maple Leafs as a result of a 8–1 score in the second game, a newspaper claimed that Patrick had been drinking the day of the game and had trouble with the team. Several days later, Ross relieved Patrick of his duties and became coach of the Bruins again.[35]

The Art Ross Trophy. Ross donated the trophy in 1947 to be awarded to the leading scorer in the NHL regular season.

The team Ross took over from Patrick was an improved one. He had recently signed three friends from Kitchener, Ontario, Milt Schmidt, Bobby Bauer and Woody Dumart, and had them play on the same line, soon nicknamed the Kraut Line in reference to the German heritage of all three.[32] Along with them, Ross had also acquired a new goaltender in 1938, Frank Brimsek, trading Tiny Thompson to allow Brimsek to play. With these players the Bruins finished first in the league in 1937–38; Ross was named as the second best coach in the league, selected for the end of season All-Star Second Team. The next season the Bruins won 36 of 48 games, and won the Stanley Cup in the playoffs; Ross was named to the First All-Star Team as the best coach in the league and the team only tied two games, which is tied for the second fewest in a season.[29] He hired Cooney Weiland, who just retired, to coach the Bruins for the following season. The Bruins would win the Cup again in 1941, and tied their record of only four road losses all season.[29] Ross once again took over as coach of the team before the 1941–42 season began, as Weiland became coach of the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League, and led the team to 25 wins in 48 games, good for third in the league.[36] By this time the Second World War had expanded and several Bruins players, including the entire Kraut Line and goaltender Brimsek, enlisted in their respective armed forces.[32] The Bruins finished second in the NHL during the 1942–43 season with 24 wins in 50 games and Ross was again named to the second NHL All-Star Team as second best coach in the league. The Bruins missed the playoffs in 1943–44, the first time in ten years they failed to qualify, but returned to the playoffs the next season, something they did for five straight years.[32]

In the summer of 1950 Ross wanted a new coach for the team, somebody to replace Georges Boucher, who had been hired the previous year. Boucher did not work well with Ross and team president Weston Adams.[37] He phoned Lynn Patrick, the son of Lester, who had just resigned from the New York Rangers after coaching the team to the Stanley Cup Final. Lynn had moved his family back to Victoria, British Columbia, where he grew up as a child, with the intention of coaching the Victoria Cougars, a team in the minor professional Pacific Coast Hockey League.[38] Though reluctant to move back to the eastern United States, Lynn was hired by Ross after he was offered a salary of $12,000.[39] He would coach the team for the next four seasons and become the second general manager of the Bruins when Ross retired at the end of October 1954.[40]

Legacy

Aside from his career in hockey, Ross was interested in how to improve the game. Prior to the start of the 1927–28 season, the NHL adopted a new style of goal net that Ross created. With the back molded to look like a "B" it was better designed to catch pucks than the previous model. This design was used until 1984, when a modified version was adopted.[41] He also improved the design of the puck, which was made of synthetic, rather than natural, rubber. It also had bevel edges, which kept the puck from bouncing as much.[6][7] Along with New York Rangers coach Frank Boucher, Ross helped create the red line, which was introduced to help speed up the game.[42] In order to help tell the red line and blue lines apart on television, Ross suggested that the red line be striped.[43]

Regarded throughout his playing career as one of the best defenders in hockey, Ross was named one of the first twelve inductees into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1945, selected for his playing career rather than his work as an executive.[6] A ceremony for his induction was held prior to a Bruins game on December 2, 1949, where he was given his Hall of Fame scroll and a silver tray with the emblems of the six NHL teams on it.[43] In 1975 he was also inducted into the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame.[44] Along with his two sons he donated the Art Ross Trophy to the NHL in 1947, to be awarded to the leading scorer in the league's regular season.[45] In 1984 he was posthumously awarded the Lester Patrick Trophy for service to hockey in the United States.[46]

Personal life

Outside of hockey Ross also excelled in baseball, football, lacrosse, and motorcycle racing. Before he became a hockey executive, he had a career as a bank clerk and ran a sporting-goods store in Montreal.[47][20] Ross had moved to Brandon, Manitoba in 1905 at the advice of his parents so he could get a job with a bank, with a salary of $600 per year. He gave that career up when he began playing hockey professionally.[48] He was married to Muriel, a native of Montreal, and had two sons, Art and John. During the Second World War, both sons served in the Royal Canadian Air Force. After the war Ross made his son Art the business manager for the Bruins.[47] Ross was named coach and manager of the Boston Bruins in 1924 and moved his family to Brookline, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston, after being hired.[47] He became a naturalized American citizen on April 22, 1938.[48] On August 5, 1964 Ross died at a nursing home in Medford, Massachusetts, a suburb of Boston, at the age of 78. A sister, both his sons, and three grandchildren survived him.[47]

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

    Regular season   Playoffs
Season Team League GP G A Pts PIM GP G A Pts PIM
1902–03 Montreal Westmount CAHL — — — — — — — — — —
1903–04 Montreal Westmount CAHL — — — — — — — — — —
1904–05 Montreal Westmount CAHL 8 10 0 10 — — — — — —
1905–06 Brandon Elks MHL 7 6 0 6 — — — — — —
1906–07 Kenora Thistles St-Cup — — — — — 2 0 0 0 10
1906–07 Brandon Elks MHL 10 6 3 9 11 2 1 0 1 3
1907–08 Montreal Wanderers ECAHA 10 8 0 8 27 5 3 0 3 23
1907–08 Pembroke Lumber Kings UOVHL 1 5 0 5 — — — — — —
1908–09 Montreal Wanderers ECAHA 9 2 0 2 30 2 0 0 0 13
1908–09 Cobalt Silver Kings TPHL — — — — — 2 1 0 1 0
1909–10 All-Montreal HC CHA 4 4 0 4 3 — — — — —
1909–10 Haileybury Comets NHA 12 6 0 6 25 — — — — —
1910–11 Montreal Wanderers NHA 11 4 0 4 24 — — — — —
1911–12 Montreal Wanderers NHA 18 16 0 16 35 — — — — —
1911–12 NHA All-Stars Exhib 3 4 0 4 0 — — — — —
1912–13 Montreal Wanderers NHA 19 11 0 11 58 — — — — —
1913–14 Montreal Wanderers NHA 18 4 5 9 74 — — — — —
1914–15 Ottawa Senators NHA 16 3 1 4 55 5 2 0 2 0
1915–16 Ottawa Senators NHA 21 8 8 16 69 — — — — —
1916–17 Montreal Wanderers NHA 16 6 2 8 66 — — — — —
1917–18 Montreal Wanderers NHL 3 1 0 1 12 — — — — —
ECAHA totals 19 10 0 10 57 7 3 0 3 36
NHA totals 131 56 16 72 406 5 2 0 2 0
NHL totals 3 1 0 1 12 — — — — —

*Playing stats from Total Hockey[49]

Coaching record

    Regular season   Playoffs
Season Team League GC W L T Finish GC W L T Result
1917–18 Montreal Wanderers NHL 6 1 5 0 6th, NHL — — — — —
1922–23 Hamilton Tigers NHL 24 6 18 0 4th, NHL — — — — —
1924–25 Boston Bruins NHL 30 6 24 0 6th, NHL — — — — —
1925–26 Boston Bruins NHL 36 17 15 4 4th, NHL — — — — —
1926–27 Boston Bruins NHL 44 21 20 3 2nd, American 8 2 2 4 Lost in Finals
1927–28 Boston Bruins NHL 44 20 13 11 1st, American 2 0 1 1 Lost in Semifinals
1929–30 Boston Bruins NHL 44 38 5 1 1st, American 6 3 3 0 Lost in Finals
1930–31 Boston Bruins NHL 44 28 10 6 1st, American 5 2 3 0 Lost in Semifinals
1931–32 Boston Bruins NHL 48 15 21 12 4th, American — — — — —
1932–33 Boston Bruins NHL 48 25 15 8 1st, American 5 2 3 0 Lost in Semifinals
1933–34 Boston Bruins NHL 48 18 25 5 4th, American — — — — —
1936–37 Boston Bruins NHL 48 23 18 7 2nd, American 3 1 2 — Lost in Quarterfinals
1937–38 Boston Bruins NHL 48 30 11 7 1st, American 3 0 3 — Lost in Semifinals
1938–39 Boston Bruins NHL 48 36 10 2 1st, NHL 12 8 4 — Won Stanley Cup
1941–42 Boston Bruins NHL 48 25 17 6 3rd, NHL 5 2 3 — Lost in Semifinals
1942–43 Boston Bruins NHL 50 24 17 9 2nd, NHL 9 4 5 — Lost in Finals
1943–44 Boston Bruins NHL 50 19 26 5 5th, NHL — — — — —
1944–45 Boston Bruins NHL 50 16 30 4 4th, NHL 7 3 4 — Lost in Semifinals
NHL totals 758 368 300 90 — 65 27 33 5 One Stanley Cup

*Coaching stats from Total Hockey[50]

Awards

NHL

Award Year(s)
First All-Star Team Coach 1939
Second All-Star Team Coach 1938, 1943
Lester Patrick Trophy 1984

*Awards from Legends of Hockey[46]

Notes

  1. ^ a b McKinley 1993, p. 38
  2. ^ a b Weir, Chapman & Weir 1999, p. 125
  3. ^ McKinley 2009, p. 62
  4. ^ a b Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 14
  5. ^ McKinley 2000, p. 78
  6. ^ a b c d e Hockey Hall of Fame 2010.
  7. ^ a b c d e Diamond 2002, p. 1964
  8. ^ Podnieks 2000, p. 4
  9. ^ Podnieks 2004, p. 40
  10. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 27
  11. ^ McKinley 2009, p. 58
  12. ^ McKinley 2009, pp. 62–63
  13. ^ Hughes et al. 2003, p. 23
  14. ^ Weir, Chapman & Weir 1999, p. 91
  15. ^ a b Weir, Chapman & Weir 1999, p. 92
  16. ^ a b Weir, Chapman & Weir 1999, pp. 92–93
  17. ^ Kitchen 2008, p. 180
  18. ^ Kitchen 2008, p. 182
  19. ^ Weir, Chapman & Weir 1999, p. 93
  20. ^ a b Kitchen 2008, p. 192
  21. ^ Holzman & Nieforth 2002, pp. 169–70
  22. ^ Diamond 2002, p. 194
  23. ^ Wesley & Wesley 2005, p. 53
  24. ^ Wesley & Wesley 2005, p. 94
  25. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 42
  26. ^ a b c Diamond 2002, p. 203
  27. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 54
  28. ^ McKinley 2000, p. 119
  29. ^ a b c d e National Hockey League 2009, p. 164
  30. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, pp. 57–58
  31. ^ Hughes et al. 2003, p. 76
  32. ^ a b c d e f Diamond 2002, p. 204
  33. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 58
  34. ^ National Hockey League 2009, p. 165
  35. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 76
  36. ^ Associated Press 1941, p. 29.
  37. ^ Associated Press 1950, p. 21.
  38. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 108
  39. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 77
  40. ^ Goyens & Orr 2000, p. 113
  41. ^ Hughes et al. 2003, p. 70
  42. ^ McKinley 2009, p. 139
  43. ^ a b Hockey Hall of Fame 2003, p. 16
  44. ^ Canadian Sports Hall of Fame 2010.
  45. ^ Podnieks 2005, p. 56
  46. ^ a b Hockey Hall of Fame Stats 2010.
  47. ^ a b c d Canadian Press 1964, p. 13.
  48. ^ a b Associated Press 1938, p. 12.
  49. ^ Diamond 2002, p. 798
  50. ^ Diamond 2002, p. 1943

Bibliography

  • Associated Press (1938-04-22), "Art Ross Given Banquet, To Become A US Citizen", Lewiston Evening Journal, Lewiston, Maine{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Associated Press (1941-10-30), "Favor Boston In Hockey", Reading Eagle, Reading, Pennsylvania{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Associated Press (1950-04-03), "Art Ross Gives Bruins' Side Of Buck Boucher's Dismissal", Ottawa Citizen, Ottawa{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Canadian Press (1964-08-06), "Art Ross Dies at 79", The Gazette, Montreal{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Canadian Sports Hall of Fame (2010), "Art Ross Page", SportsHall.ca, retrieved 2010-05-27{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Diamond, Dan, ed. (2002), Total Hockey: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Hockey League, Second Edition, New York: Total Sports Publishing, ISBN 1-894963-16-4
  • Goyens, Chrys; Orr, Frank (2000), Blades on Ice: A century of professional hockey, Markham, Ontario: Team Power Enterprises, ISBN 0-9686220-0-3
  • Hockey Hall of Fame (2003), Honoured Members, Bolton, Ontario: Fenn Publishing, ISBN 1-55168-239-7
  • Hockey Hall of Fame (2010), "Art Ross Page", LegendsofHockey.net, retrieved 2010-05-15{{citation}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
  • Hockey Hall of Fame (2010), "Art Ross Stats Page", LegendsofHockey.net, retrieved 2010-06-15
  • Holzman, Morey; Nieforth, Joseph (2002), Deceptions and Doublecross: How the NHL Conquered Hockey, Toronto: Dundurn Press, ISBN 1-55002-413-2
  • Hughes, Morgan; Fischler, Stan and Shirley; Romain, Joseph; Duplacey, James (2003), Hockey Chronicle: Year-by-Year History of the National Hockey League, Lincolnwood, Illinois: Publications International, Ltd., ISBN 0-7853-9624-1
  • Kitchen, Paul (2008), Win, Tie, or Wrangle: The Inside Story of the Old Ottawa Senators, 1883–1935, Manotic, Ontario: Penumbra Press, ISBN 978-1-897323-46-5
  • McKinley, Michael (2009), Hockey: A People's History, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 978-0-771057-71-7
  • McKinley, Michael (1993), Hockey Hall of Fame Legends: The Official Book, Toronto: Viking Press, ISBN 0-670-85258-9
  • McKinley, Michael (2000), Putting a Roof on Winter: Hockey's Rise from Sport to Spectacle, Vancouver: Greystone Books, ISBN 1-55054-798-4
  • National Hockey League (2009), National Hockey League Official Guide & Record Book 2010, Toronto: Dan Diamond & Associates, Inc., ISBN 978-1-600783-03-6
  • Podnieks, Andrew (2004), Lord Stanley's Cup, Bolton, Ontario: Fenn Publishing, ISBN 1-55168-261-3
  • Podnieks, Andrew (2005), Silverware, Bolton, Ontario: Fenn Publishing, ISBN 978-1-551682-96-9
  • Podnieks, Andrew (2000), The NHL All-Star Game: Fifty Years of the Great Tradition, Toronto: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-00-200058-X
  • Weir, Glenn; Chapman, Jeff; Weir, Travis (1999), Ultimate Hockey, Toronto: Stoddart Publishing, ISBN 0-7737-6057-1
  • Wesley, Sam; Wesley, David (2005), Hamilton's Hockey Tigers, Toronto: James Lorimer & Company, ISBN 978-1-55028-887-2

External links

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