Władysław Szpilman

Władysław Szpilman
Władysław Szpilman
	File:Szpilman4.jpg
Born	5 December 1911; Sosnowiec, Congress Poland, Russian Empire
Died	6 July 2000 (aged 88); Warsaw, Poland
Resting place	Powązki Military Cemetery, Warsaw
Nationality	Polish
Occupation(s)	Composer, pianist, author
Known for	The Pianist
Children	Christopher Szpilman, Andrzej Szpilman

Władysław Szpilman (Polish pronunciation: [vwaˈdɨswaf ˈʂpilman]; 5 December 1911–6 July 2000) was a Jewish-Polish pianist, composer, and memoirist. Szpilman is widely known as the protagonist of the Roman Polański film The Pianist, which is based on his autobiographical book recounting how he survived the Holocaust. In November 1998 Władysław Szpilman was honoured by the president of Poland with a Commander's Cross Order with a Star of Polonia Restituta.

Career as a pianist

Szpilman studied piano in Warsaw and Berlin in the early 1930s. After Adolf Hitler seized power in Germany in 1933, he returned to Warsaw, where he quickly became a celebrated pianist and composer of both classical and popular music. Szpilman composed many pieces and soundtracks while touring Poland with his accompanying violinist, Bronislav Gimpel.

On 1 April 1935 he joined Polish Radio, where he worked as a pianist performing classical and jazz music, until the German invasion of Poland reached Warsaw on September 1, 1939, and Polskie Radio was forced off the air. The Nazi-led General Government established ghettos in many Polish cities, including Warsaw. However, Szpilman and his family did not need to find a new residence since their flat was already in the ghetto area ^[1]. He continued to work as a pianist in restaurants in the ghetto. Through his piano playing, he was able to earn barely enough to support the family of six (his father, his mother, his two sisters, one brother and himself). ^[2]

Survival during the Holocaust

Szpilman remained in the Warsaw Ghetto until it was abolished after the deportation of most of its inhabitants. Szpilman was left as a labourer and helped smuggle weapons. He avoided capture and death by the Germans several times. When the rest of his family was deported to Treblinka, an extermination camp in the east, Szpilman managed to flee from the transport loading site with the help of a friend who grabbed him from the crowd and shooed him away from the waiting train. None of his family members survived the war.

As set out in his memoir, Szpilman found places to hide in Warsaw and survived with the help of his friends from Polish Radio and in part by a German Army officer, Wilm Hosenfeld, whose real name Szpilman discovered in the early 1950s, when Hosenfeld’s wife wrote him a letter. Despite the efforts of Szpilman and the Poles to rescue Hosenfeld, he died in Soviet captivity in 1952. Szpilman's son, Andrzej Szpilman, has long called for Yad Vashem to honour Wilm Hosenfeld as a Righteous Among the Nations, honour for non-Jews who risked their lives to rescue Jews. In October 2007 Wilm Hosenfeld was honored by the president of Poland with a Commander’s Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. In February 2009, Yad Vashem announced that Wilm Hosenfeld had been honoured as a Righteous Among the Nations.

Polish Radio

When Szpilman resumed his job at Polish Radio in 1945, he did so by carrying on where he left off six years before: poignantly, he opened the first transmission by playing Chopin’s Nocturne in C sharp minor (Lento con gran espressione), the same piece he was playing as the German bombs hit the studios of Polish Radio, interrupting its broadcast on 23 September 1939.

From 1945 to 1963 Szpilman was director of the Music Department at Polish Radio. During this period he composed several symphonic works and about 500 songs, still popular in Poland today, as well as music for radio plays and films.

Compositions

Szpilman's compositions include Pianosuite "Life of the Machines" 1932, Violin Concerto 1933, "Waltzer in the Olden Style" 1937, Soundtracks "Swit, dzien i noc Palestyny" (1934) Wrzos (1937) and Dr. Murek (1939), Concertino for Piano and Orchestra (1940), Paraphrase on Own Themes (1948) "Ouverture for Symphonic Orchestra" (1968) and more.

In the 1950s he wrote about 40 songs for children, for which he received an award from the Polish Composers Union in 1955.

1935-1972 He wrote about 500 popular songs. More than 100 of these are very well-known as hits and evergreens in Poland.

In 1961 he initiated and organized Sopot International Song Festival in Poland and founded the Polish Union of Authors of Popular Music.

Szpilman also performed as a soloist and with violinists Bronislav Gimpel, Roman Totenberg, Ida Haendel and Henryk Szeryng. In 1963, Szpilman and Gimpel founded the Warsaw Piano Quintet, with which Szpilman performed worldwide until 1986.

Memoirs

In 1945, shortly after the war’s end, Szpilman wrote a memoir about his survival in Warsaw. He published the book, Śmierć Miasta (Death of a City), soon suppressed by the Stalinist Polish authorities. Following the de-Stalinization period of the 1950s, the book was published and printed to a greater extent. Few copies of the book were printed initially, and the nationality of Wilm Hosenfeld was changed to Austrian.

In 1998, Szpilman’s son Andrzej republished his father’s work, first in German as Das wunderbare Überleben (The miraculous survival) by the Ullstein Verlag, a major German publishing house, and then in English as The Pianist. In March 1999 Władysław Szpilman visited London for Jewish Book Week, where he met English readers to mark the publication of his bestselling book in England. It was later published in more than 30 languages. In 2002, Roman Polański directed a screen version, also called The Pianist, but Szpilman died before the film was completed. The movie won three Academy Awards, the British Academy of Film and Television Arts Best Film Award, and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.

His son Andrzej compiled and released a CD with the most popular songs Szpilman had composed under the title Wendy Lands Sings the Songs of the Pianist (Universal Music). Other CDs with the works of Szpilman include Works for Piano and Orchestra by Władysław Szpilman with Ewa Kupiec (piano), John Axelrod (director), and the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (2004) (Sony BMG) and the Original recordings of The Pianist and Władysław Szpilman—Legendary recordings (Sony classical).

Death

Szpilman died in Warsaw on 6 July, 2000 at the age of 88.^[3] He is buried at Powązki Military Cemetery.

References

^ Wladyslaw Szpilman, The Pianist p. 59, Orion Books, 2005
^ Wladyslaw Szpilman, The Pianist p. 16, Orion Books, 2005.
^ The Pianist (2002 film)

External links

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[1] Wladyslaw Szpilman, The Pianist p. 59, Orion Books, 2005

[2] Wladyslaw Szpilman, The Pianist p. 16, Orion Books, 2005.

[3] The Pianist (2002 film)

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