Plant ecology
- This article is about the scientific discipline, for the journal see Plant Ecology
Plant ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology which studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the interactions among and between members of plant species, and their interactions with their environment. Plant ecology has its roots both in plant geography and in studies of the interactions between individual plants and their environment.
Broadly speaking, the scope of plant ecology encompasses plant ecophysiology, plant population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology and landscape ecology.
Most plants are rooted in the soil, and often they reproduce vegetatively in a way that makes it difficult to distinguish individual plants of the same species. These characteristic features of plants necessitate a somewhat different scientific methodology than used in e.g. animal ecology, but the different subdiciplines of ecology is integrated in ecosystem ecology.
Structure and function
Life forms
Strategies
Reproduction
Biological interactions
Competition
When plants grow close to other plants they may compete for resources, such as light, water and nutrients, that are needed for plant growth. Plants may compete for a single growth-limiting resource e.g. light in agricultural systems with suffcient water and nutrients, but in most natural ecosystems plants probably are adapted to respond to the environment in such a way that they are colimited by several resources, e.g. light, phosphor and nitrogen at the same time [1].
Facilitation
Herbivory
An important ecological function of plants is that they produce organic compounds for herbivores in the bottom of the food web. Oppositely, herbivory is an important source of disturbance for many plant species, and they have evolved many different forms of defensive physical structures and chemical compounds to prevent herbivory.
Distribution
Abundance
The ecological success of a plant species in a specific environment may be quantified by its abundance, and depending on the life form of the plant different measures of abundance may be relevant, e.g. density, biomass, or plant cover.
The change in the abundance of a plant species may be due to both abiotic factors, e.g. climate change, or biotic factors, e.g herbivory or interspecific competition.
Dispersal
References
See also