Nef (protein)
| Negative factor, (F-Protein) or Nef | |||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||
| Symbol | F-protein | ||||||||||
| Pfam | PF00469 | ||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001558 | ||||||||||
| SCOP2 | 1avv / SCOPe / SUPFAM | ||||||||||
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Nef (Negative Regulatory Factor) is a protein expressed by primate lentiviruses. These include human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Nef is one of many pathogen-expressed proteins, known as virulence factors, which function to manipulate the host's cellular machinery and thus allow infection, survival or replication of the pathogen.[1] Nef stands for "Negative Factor".[2]
Function
The expression of Nef early in the viral life cycle ensures T cell activation and the establishment of a persistent state of infection, two basic attributes of HIV infection. Nef also promotes the survival of infected cells by downmodulating the expression of several surface molecules important in host immune function. These include major histocompatibility complex-I (MHC I) and MHC II present on antigen presenting cells (APCs) and target cells, CD4 and CD28 present on CD4+ T cells.
Clinical significance
One group of patients in Sydney were infected with a nef-deleted virus and took much longer than expected to progress to AIDS.[3]
Vaccine
A nef-deleted virus vaccine has not been tried in humans although was successfully tested in Rhesus macaques.[4][5]
See also
References
- ^ Das SR, Jameel S (2005). "Biology of the HIV Nef protein" (PDF). Indian J. Med. Res. 121 (4): 315–32. PMID 15817946.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Marcey D, Somple M, Silva N (2007-01-01). "HIV-1 Nef Protein". The Online Macromolecular Museum Exhibits. California Lutheran University. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Learmont JC, Geczy AF, Mills J, Ashton LJ, Raynes-Greenow CH, Garsia RJ, Dyer WB, McIntyre L, Oelrichs RB, Rhodes DI, Deacon NJ, Sullivan JS' (1999). "Immunologic and virologic status after 14 to 18 years of infection with an attenuated strain of HIV-1. A report from the Sydney Blood Bank Cohort". N. Engl. J. Med. 340 (22): 1715–22. doi:10.1056/NEJM199906033402203. PMID 10352163.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Daniel MD, Kirchhoff F, Czajak SC, Sehgal PK, Desrosiers RC (1992). "Protective effects of a live attenuated SIV vaccine with a deletion in the nef gene". Science. 258 (5090): 1938–41. doi:10.1126/science.1470917. PMID 1470917.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Muthumani K, Choo AY, Hwang DS, Premkumar A, Dayes NS, Harris C, Green DR, Wadsworth SA, Siekierka JJ, Weiner DB (2005). "HIV-1 Nef-induced FasL induction and bystander killing requires p38 MAPK activation". Blood. 106 (6): 2059–68. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-03-0932. PMC 1895138. PMID 15928037.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Further reading
External links
- Michael Smith. "HIV protein hides infected cells from immune system". MedPageToday.com. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
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