Pariah state

A pariah state is a nation whose conduct is considered to be out of line with international norms of behavior by either the rest of the international community (such as the United Nations), or by some of the most powerful states. A Pariah state may face International isolation, Sanctions or even military attack by nations which find its policies or actions unacceptable. The term is closely related to the phrase "Rogue state".

Definitions

There is no definitive definition of a pariah state, the term has been applied to different states at different times, and is often a designation made for political purposes.

List

At various times in the past, the following states have been labeled or treated as pariahs in the international system. Some of them are still labeled as such at present:

Current

Abkhazia (limited recognition)^[1]
Bahrain^[2]
Belarus^[3]
Eritrea^[4]
Equatorial Guinea^[5]
Georgia^[6]
Iran^[7]^[8]
Israel^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]^[15]^[16]
Northern Cyprus (only recognized as such by Turkey) ^[17]
North Korea^[18]

Former

Afghanistan^[27] under the Taliban.
Albania^[28]
Argentina^[29] in early 80's, under the military dictatorship.
Burma^[30] from 1988 up to early 2011, under the State Peace and Development Council
Cambodia^[31] in 1980s before signing Paris Peace Accords
Chile^[32] under Augusto Pinochet.
China^[33]
Cuba^[34]
Haiti^[35] under Papa Doc and Baby Doc Duvalier.
Indonesia (arguably) in the early 1960s, after withdrawing from the United Nations and forming an alliance with North Korea, the People's Republic of China, North Vietnam and Cambodia.
Iraq^[36] under Saddam Hussein.
Liberia^[37]^[38]
Libya^[39] prior to the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi

Paraguay^[40] under Alfredo Stroessner.
Yugoslavia and Serbia^[41] under Slobodan Milošević
Sri Lanka^[42]
South Africa^[43]^[44] under apartheid.
Turkmenistan^[45]
Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo)^[46]

References

^ Abkhazia: A promising pariah on the Black Sea - Editorials & Commentary - International Herald Tribune
^ PressTV - 'Bahrain, a complete pariah state'
^ Belarus Cracks Down, VOA, April 1, 2008
^ Djibouti says Eritrea will bow to UN sanctions, Reuters Africa, April 21, 2010
^ Obiang, dictator in fashion in New York, afrol.com, September 9, 2000
^ War report wounds isolated Georgian leader
^ Laurence, Jeremy. "U.S. official says Iran becoming a pariah state". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
^ Trita Parsi (2007). Treacherous Alliance, The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran and the United States. London: Yale University Press. p. 97. ISBN 0-300-12057-5.
^ [1]
^ [2]
^ [3]
^ [4]
^ [5]
^ [6]
^ [7]
^ [8]
^ Gonul Eronen, Supreme Court Judge, northern Cyprus (2003-03-05). "Programmes | Crossing Continents | Cypriot hopes for the future". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-03-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Rupert Cornwell (October 18, 2002). "North Korea: A pariah state, its secret nuclear programme — and a new crisis for Bush". London: The Independent. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
^ Pakistan Musharrafs Record, International Herald Tribune, November 29, 2007
^ The Saudi Exception, Middle East Online, May 24, 2008
^ Sudan's War on Itself; From Rogue State to Pariah State, New York Times
^ Syria: conversations in a pariah state, openDemocracy, June 6, 2008
^ The Sheriff of the Wild East - The Slavic Football Union
^ Multi-party, no-party: Uganda's choice, BBC News, June 29, 2000
^ Uzbek leader silences critics of massacre, The Independent, May 13, 2006
^ Mugabe made Zimbabwe a pariah state, says Straw, Daily Telegraph, August 25, 2002
^ Frozen In Time, TIME, 156(21), May 29, 2000
^ En route to the EU, European Policy Centre, April 2010
^ The Argentine Pariah
^ Asean Can Act as Burma's Bridge to the World
^ At Last, Justice Comes to Cambodia, Yale Global Online, February 13, 2009
^ Chile, International War Crimes Report, June 4, 2010
^ "China: From Pariah Player to Global Player". The Perspectivist. 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
^ Isolation again fails as a foreign policy, New York University, August 17, 2000
^ Haiti Crisis, Washington Post, March 1, 2004
^ 'We will deliver Iraq from being a pariah nation and help people build a new state at peace'
^ Arrest warrant for Liberian leader, BBC News, June 4, 2003
^ Taylor's Liberia becoming pariah nation, afrol.com, January 20
^ Paul Keller (January 6, 2004). "Libya's two decades as pariah state". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
^ Alfredo Stroessner; Paraguayan Dictator, Washington Post, August 17, 2006
^ War crimes fugitive Mladic arrested MSN News UK, May 26, 2011
^ http://www.srilankamirror.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4716:lanka-a-pariah-state-after-israeli-ambassador-came-to-the-defence&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50
^ Thomas H. Henriksen, 'The Rise and Decline of Rogue States'. Journal of International Affairs, 54(2), 2001, 349-373.
^ Susan Willett (1995). "The Legacy of a Pariah State: South Africa's Arms Trade in the 1990s". Review of African Political Economy. 64: 151–166.
^ Turkmenistan Leader's Death May Spur Struggle, Wall Street Journal, December 22, 2006
^ Zaire - Involvement in the Angolan Civil War, countrydata.com, 1993

[1] Abkhazia: A promising pariah on the Black Sea - Editorials & Commentary - International Herald Tribune

[2] PressTV - 'Bahrain, a complete pariah state'

[3] Belarus Cracks Down, VOA, April 1, 2008

[4] Djibouti says Eritrea will bow to UN sanctions, Reuters Africa, April 21, 2010

[afrol.com-5] Obiang, dictator in fashion in New York, afrol.com, September 9, 2000

[6] War report wounds isolated Georgian leader

[7] Laurence, Jeremy. "U.S. official says Iran becoming a pariah state". Reuters. Retrieved 2012-03-09.

[treacherousalliance-iran-8] Trita Parsi (2007). Treacherous Alliance, The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran and the United States. London: Yale University Press. p. 97. ISBN 0-300-12057-5.

[9] [1]

[10] [2]

[11] [3]

[12] [4]

[13] [5]

[14] [6]

[15] [7]

[16] [8]

[17] Gonul Eronen, Supreme Court Judge, northern Cyprus (2003-03-05). "Programmes | Crossing Continents | Cypriot hopes for the future". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-03-09.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[independent-sk-18] Rupert Cornwell (October 18, 2002). "North Korea: A pariah state, its secret nuclear programme — and a new crisis for Bush". London: The Independent. Retrieved 2008-01-19.

[19] Pakistan Musharrafs Record, International Herald Tribune, November 29, 2007

[20] The Saudi Exception, Middle East Online, May 24, 2008

[NYtimes-21] Sudan's War on Itself; From Rogue State to Pariah State, New York Times

[22] Syria: conversations in a pariah state, openDemocracy, June 6, 2008

[23] The Sheriff of the Wild East - The Slavic Football Union

[24] Multi-party, no-party: Uganda's choice, BBC News, June 29, 2000

[25] Uzbek leader silences critics of massacre, The Independent, May 13, 2006

[dailytelegraph-26] Mugabe made Zimbabwe a pariah state, says Straw, Daily Telegraph, August 25, 2002

[27] Frozen In Time, TIME, 156(21), May 29, 2000

[28] En route to the EU, European Policy Centre, April 2010

[29] The Argentine Pariah

[30] Asean Can Act as Burma's Bridge to the World

[31] At Last, Justice Comes to Cambodia, Yale Global Online, February 13, 2009

[32] Chile, International War Crimes Report, June 4, 2010

[33] "China: From Pariah Player to Global Player". The Perspectivist. 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2012-03-09.

[ny-34] Isolation again fails as a foreign policy, New York University, August 17, 2000

[35] Haiti Crisis, Washington Post, March 1, 2004

[36] 'We will deliver Iraq from being a pariah nation and help people build a new state at peace'

[37] Arrest warrant for Liberian leader, BBC News, June 4, 2003

[38] Taylor's Liberia becoming pariah nation, afrol.com, January 20

[bbc-libya-39] Paul Keller (January 6, 2004). "Libya's two decades as pariah state". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-19.

[40] Alfredo Stroessner; Paraguayan Dictator, Washington Post, August 17, 2006

[41] War crimes fugitive Mladic arrested MSN News UK, May 26, 2011

[srilankamirror.com-42] ttp://www.srilankamirror.com/english/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4716:lanka-a-pariah-state-after-israeli-ambassador-came-to-the-defence&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50

[tom-43] Thomas H. Henriksen, 'The Rise and Decline of Rogue States'. Journal of International Affairs, 54(2), 2001, 349-373.

[southafrica-44] Susan Willett (1995). "The Legacy of a Pariah State: South Africa's Arms Trade in the 1990s". Review of African Political Economy. 64: 151–166.

[45] Turkmenistan Leader's Death May Spur Struggle, Wall Street Journal, December 22, 2006

[46] Zaire - Involvement in the Angolan Civil War, countrydata.com, 1993

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Definitions

List

Current

Former

See also

References