List of JVM languages

This list of JVM Languages comprises computer programming languages that are used to produce software that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Some of these languages are interpreted by a Java program, and some are compiled to Java bytecode and JITted during execution as regular Java programs to improve performance.

The JVM was initially designed to support only the Java programming language. However, as time passed, ever more languages were adapted or designed to run on the Java platform.

High-profile languages

Apart from the Java language itself, the most common or well-known JVM languages are:

Clojure, a functional Lisp dialect
Groovy, a scripting language
Scala, an object-oriented and functional programming language^[1]
JavaFX Script, a scripting language targeting the Rich Internet Application domain (discontinued 2010)
JRuby, an implementation of Ruby
Jython, an implementation of Python
Rhino, an implementation of JavaScript
AspectJ, an aspect-oriented extension of Java
Ceylon: an upcoming programming language and SDK, created by Red Hat.
Fantom: a general purpose object-oriented programming language that runs on the Java Runtime Environment (JRE), JavaScript, and the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Gosu: is a general-purpose Java Virtual Machine-based programming language released under the Apache License 2.0.
Kotlin: developed by JetBrains

JVM languages

JVM implementations of existing languages

Language	Java implementations
Ada	JGNAT
AWK	Jawk^[2]
BBx	BBj is a superset of BBx, PRO/5, and Visual PRO/5.
Boo	Boojay is the Boo variant for the Java Platform
C	C to Java Virtual Machine compilers^[3]
COBOL	Elastic COBOL Micro Focus JVM Visual COBOL Veryant isCobol
ColdFusion	Adobe ColdFusion Railo Open BlueDragon
Common Lisp	Armed Bear Common Lisp^[4] CLforJava Jatha Common Lisp Library
Component Pascal	Gardens Point Component Pascal
Erlang	Erjang^[5]
Forth	myForth^[6]
JavaScript	Rhino
Logo	jLogo^[7] XLogo^[8]
Lua	Kahlua^[9] Luaj^[10] Jill^[11]
Oberon-2	Canterbury Oberon-2 for JVM JOB
OCaml	OCaml-Java^[12]
Object Pascal	Oxygene
Pascal	Canterbury Pascal for JVM Free Pascal MIDletPascal
PHP	IBM WebSphere sMash PHP (P8)^[13] Caucho Quercus^[14]
Python	Jython
REXX	NetRexx
Ruby	JRuby
Scheme	Bigloo Kawa SISC JScheme
Tcl	Jacl JTcl^[15]

New languages with JVM implementations

Alef++, a language inspired by Perl and Lisp.^[16]
Ateji PX, an extension of Java for easy parallel programming on multicore, GPU, Grid and Cloud.^[17]
BBj, an object-oriented language for business applications
BeanShell, a scripting language whose syntax is close to Java.
Ceylon, an upcoming Red Hat's Java competitor
ColdFusion, a scripting language compiled to Java, used on the ColdFusion application Server
CAL, a Haskell-inspired functional language.
E language has an implementation on the JVM.
Fantom, a language built from the base to be portable across the JVM, .NET CLR, and JavaScript.^[18]
Flow Java.
Fortress, a language designed by Sun as a successor to Fortran, mainly for parallel scientific computing.
Frink, a language that tracks units of measure through calculations.
Gosu (programming language), an extensible type-system language compiled to Java bytecode.
Hecl.^[19]
Ioke, a prototype-based language somewhat reminiscent of Io, with similarities to Ruby, Lisp and Smalltalk.
KBML, an expert system DSL for defining correlation rules and event processing. Used by products based on the OpenKBM platform.
Kotlin (programming language) invented by Jetbrains
Jabaco, A BASIC-like GUI RAD language for Windows that uses the JVM.
Jaskell, a Haskell inspired scripting language.^[20]
Jelly.
Join Java, a language that extends Java with the join semantics of the join-calculus.
Joy.
Judoscript.
Mirah, a customizable language featuring type inference and a highly Ruby-inspired syntax.^[21]
N.A.M.E. Basic.
NetLogo, a multi-agent language.
Nice.
Noop, a language built with testability as a major focus.
ObjectScript.
PHP.reboot, a PHP-style language.^[22]
Pizza, a superset of Java with function pointers and algebraic data types.
Pnuts.
Stab, a C# work-alike.^[23]
Sleep, a procedural scripting language inspired by Perl and Objective-C.
V language has an implementation on the JVM.^[24]
X10, a IBM language designed for high-performance heteregenous clusters and parallel scientific computations. The syntax is based on Java. An optimizing compiler targets JVM or C++.
Yeti, a ML style functional language, that runs on the JVM.^[25]

References

^ Wampler, Dean (2009-01-15). "Adopting New JVM Languages in the Enterprise (Updated)". objectmentor.com. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
^ Jawk source forge project
^ see for example AMPC project
^ ABCL project
^ [1]
^ myForth project
^ JavaLogo project
^ XLogo project
^ Kahlua project
^ Luaj
^ Jill
^ OCaml-Java project
^ IBM WebSphere sMash PHP project
^ Caucho Quercus project
^ JTcl
^ Alef++ home page
^ Ateji PX homepage
^ Fantom homepage
^ Hecl home page
^ Jaskell project
^ Mirah homepage
^ PHP.reboot project
^ Stab homepage
^ V homepage
^ Yeti homepage

External links

[1] Wampler, Dean (2009-01-15). "Adopting New JVM Languages in the Enterprise (Updated)". objectmentor.com. Retrieved 2009-06-18.

[2] Jawk source forge project

[3] see for example AMPC project

[4] ABCL project

[5] [1]

[6] yForth project

[7] JavaLogo project

[8] XLogo project

[9] Kahlua project

[10] Luaj

[11] Jill

[12] OCaml-Java project

[13] IBM WebSphere sMash PHP project

[14] Caucho Quercus project

[15] JTcl

[16] Alef++ home page

[17] Ateji PX homepage

[18] Fantom homepage

[19] Hecl home page

[20] Jaskell project

[21] Mirah homepage

[22] PHP.reboot project

[23] Stab homepage

[24] V homepage

[25] Yeti homepage

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