List of Jewish American mobsters
Appearance
This is a list of Jewish-American mobsters and organized crime figures, ranging from the late 19th century to the present day.
Name | Portrait | Life | Years active | Notes | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hyman Abrams | No image available |
1920s–1960s | Lieutenant of Boston Mobster Charles Solomon during Prohibition. Later financed syndicate Las Vegas casinos with Meyer Lansky, Carl Cohen and Jack Entratter during the 1950s and 60s. | [1][2] | |
Evsei Agron | No image available |
d. 1985 | 1970s–1980s | Russian-born mobster who established and ran the Russian Mafia in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn until his murder in 1985. | |
Megan Robbins | No image available |
d. 1985 | lame | ||
Israel "Ice pick Willie" Alderman | No image available |
1902-1970 | From North Minneapolis; associate with David Berman In Minneapolis and Las Vegas. 1965 Convicted in Denver Colorado of conspiring of using telephone lines to threaten death to a disbarred attorney; 1969 reported under indictment for grand larceny. | [3] | |
Hyman Amberg | No image available |
1902–1926 | 1919–1926 | New York mobster and chief enforcer for his brothers Joseph and Louis "Pretty" Amberg. Hyman and another convict committed suicide following an unsuccessful escape attempt from Tombs Prison. | [4][5] |
Joseph Amberg | No image available |
1892–1935 | 1919–1935 | New York mobster who led one of the top gangs in Brooklyn during the 1920s and 30s with brothers Hyman and Louis Amberg. Amberg and an associate, Morris Kessler, were executed by Murder Inc. in his Brownsville auto garage. | [4][5] |
Louis "Pretty" Amberg | No image available |
1897–1935 | 1919–1935 | He and brothers Hyman and Joseph Amberg led one of the top criminal gangs in Brooklyn during the 1920s and 30s. The last surviving brother, he was murdered a month after his brother Joseph by members of Murder Inc. | [4][6] |
Moses Annenberg | No image available |
1877–1942 | 1904–1936 | Newspaperman and organized crime figure. Hired and directed criminal gangs on behalf of the Hearst Corporation during Chicago's "circulation wars" of 1910–1911, and later became owner of the National Racing Wire during the 1920s and 30s. Later used his wealth to purchase The Philadelphia Inquirer and found the Annenberg Foundation. Jailed for tax evasion in 1939. | [1][2][6][7][8][9] |
Marat Balagula | No image available |
b. 1943 | 1977–1986 | Associate of the Lucchese crime family during the 1970s and 80s. Succeeded Evsei Agron as head of the Russian Mafia in 1985 but fled the country to avoid criminal charges a year later. He was extradited back to the US in 1989 and received a 18-year sentence in federal prison. | |
David Berman | No image available |
1903–1957 | 1916–1957 | Associate member of the Genovese crime family who ran syndicate operations in Iowa and Minnesota from the 1920s to the 40s. Involve in syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s, he and Moe Sedway took over The Flamingo after Bugsy Siegel's murder in 1947. | [2] |
Otto "Abbadabba" Berman | No image available |
1889–1935 | 1920s–1930s | Mob accountant and financial advisor for New York mobster Dutch Schultz. | [1][2][5][6][9][10] |
Abe Bernstein | No image available |
1892–1968 | 1910s–1960s | Detroit mobster and leader of The Purple Gang. After the end of Prohibition, he ran syndicate gambling operations in Miami up until his death in 1968. | [2][7] |
William Morris Bioff | No image available |
1900–1955 | 1920s–1930s | Chicago labor racketeer who extorted millions of dollars from Hollywood studios on behalf of the Chicago Outfit during the 1930s. | [1][2][6][9] |
Charles Birger | No image available |
1881–1928 | 1919–1928 | Illinois bootlegger who feuded with the Shelton Brothers Gang throughout Prohibition. | |
Alex "Shondor" Birns | No image available |
1907–1975 | A major gangland figure in Cleveland throughout the 20th century. At one time considered Public Enemy No. 1, he controlled the city's underworld until his murder by Danny Greene in 1975. | [2] | |
Herbert Blitzstein | No image available |
1934–1997 | Loanshark and bookmaker for the Chicago Outfit during the 1950s and 60s. He was the top lieutenant of Anthony Spilotro when he and his crew were sent to Las Vagas. | [11] | |
Ike Bloom | 1865–1930 | An early organized crime figure in Chicago associated with "Big Jim" Colosimo. Owned some of the city's most popular nightclubs, such as Midnight Forlics and Kreiberg's, during Prohibition. | [7] | ||
Isadore "Kid Cann" Blumenfeld | No image available |
1900–1981 | 1900s–1980s | Minneapolis mobster who ran the city's underworld from the 1920s until his conviction for violating the Mann Act in 1957. Later retired to Miami Beach where he and Meyer Lansky operated a real estate empire and were involved in syndicate operations in Miami and Havana up until his death in 1981. | [1][2][12] |
Louis "Lepke" Buchalter | ![]() |
1897–1944 | 1910s–1940s | New York labor racketeer who dominated the Lower East Side with Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 30s. Later headed Murder Inc. and was eventually sent to the electric chair at Sing Sing for his role in the organization. He is the only major mobster to be executed by the state. | [1][2][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][13][14] |
Mickey Cohen | ![]() |
1914–1976 | 1923–1961 | Major underworld figure in Los Angeles during the 1930s and 40s. Later helped Bugsy Siegel set up The Flamingo in Las Vegas and ran its sports book operation. | [1][2][6][9][10][11][12][14] |
Louis Cohen | 1904–1939 | 1910s–1930s | New York mobster who killed Nathan Kaplan on behalf of rival labor racketeers Jacob Orgen and Louis Buchalter in 1923. | [5] | |
Moe Dalitz | No image available |
1899–1989 | 1920s–1960s | Leader of the Mayfield Road Gang during Prohibition. He was later involved the development of syndicate gaming in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s. | [1][2][6][7][8][9][10][11] |
Stanley Diamond | No image available |
1922–1991 | 1960s–1970s | Associate member of the Lucchese crime family associated with Henry Hill and Jimmy Burke during the 1970s. | [14] |
Monk Eastman | File:Monk333.jpg | 1873–1920 | 1898–1920 | Founder of the Eastman Gang, one of the last of New York's major street gangs, and dominated the city's underworld around the start of the 20th century. | [1][4][9][10] |
Monya Elson | No image available |
b. 1951 | 1970s–1990s | Russian-born mobster who feuded with Boris Nayfeld over control of Brighton Beach, Brooklyn during the 1990s. One of Ukrainian mobster Semion Mogilevich's closest associates, he at one time controlled a criminal empire stretching from Russia to New York and Los Angeles. | [15][16] |
Maxie Eisen | No image available |
1910s–1920s | Chicago labor racketeer allied with Dion O'Banion and the North Side Gang, and later for the Joe Saltis-Frank McErlane Gang during the 1920s. | [6][7][8][12] | |
John Factor | No image available |
1892–1984 | 1920s–1960s | British-born Chicago gangster and con artist associated with the Chicago Outfit whose staged 1933 kidnapping resulted in the wrongful conviction of Roger Touhy. He later became a prominent businessman and casino owner in Las Vegas 1950s and 60s. | [2][7] |
Ludwig "Tarzan" Fainberg | No image available |
b. 1958 | 1980–1999 | Ukrainian-born New York mobster associated with the Russian Mafia in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn and South Florida during the 1990s. He was convicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act charges for his involvement in arraigning the sale a Russian submarine to a group of Colombian drug dealers in 1999. | |
Benjamin "Dopey Benny" Fein | ![]() |
1889–1977? | 1900–1941 | New York mobster who dominated labor racketeering with Joseph Rosenzweig in the Lower East Side during the 1910s. | [1][5][8][10] |
Irving Feinstein | No image available |
1910–1939 | 1930s | New York mobster involved in illegal gambling and labor racketeering with Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1930s. | |
Abraham Friedman | No image available |
1897–1939 | 1920s–1930s | New York mobster and enforcer for labor racketeer Nathan Kaplan, and later Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 30s. | [5] |
Isadore Friedman | No image available |
d. 1939 | 1920s–1930s | New York mobster associated with labor racketeer Louis Buchalter during the 1920s and 30s. | |
Martin Goldstein | No image available |
1905–1941 | 1920s–1930s | Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Involved in the 1939 murder of Irving Feinstein and later executed with other members of Murder Inc. in 1941. | [4][5] |
Waxey Gordon | 1889–1952 | 1900s–1950s | New York mobster who oversaw bootlegging operations for Arnold Rothstein during Prohibition. He was eventually imprisoned for tax evasion in 1933 and, again in 1951, for selling heroin. | [1][2][5][6][7][9][10] | |
Gus Greenbaum | No image available |
1894–1958 | 1910s–1950s | Member of the Chicago Outfit and ran syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s. | [1][2][6] |
Harry Greenberg | No image available |
d. 1939 | 1920s–1930s | An associate and childhood friend of Bugsy Siegel, he later worked for Charlie "Lucky" Luciano and Meyer Lansky. | |
Max "Big Maxie" Greenberg | No image available |
1883–1933 | Detroit mobster and a member of Egan's Rats. | [1][5][10][14] | |
Jake "Greasy Thumb" Guzik | No image available |
1886–1956 | 1910s–1950s | Financial and legal advisor to the Chicago Outfit. | [1][2][6][7][8][9][10] |
Hyman Holtz | No image available |
1896–1939 | 1920s–1930s | New York labor racketeer associated with Jacob Orgen and a later protege of Louis Buchalter. | [4] |
Harry Horowitz aka Gyp the Blood | ![]() |
1889–1914 | 1900s–1910s | Leader of the Lenox Avenue Gang. | [1][5] |
"Kid Dropper" Nathan Kaplan | No image available |
1895–1923 | 1910s–1920s | A former member of the Five Points Gang, he and Johnny Spanish fought over control of labor racketeering during the labor slugger war. | [1][6][10] |
Phillip Kastel | No image available |
1893–1962 | 1900s–1950s | New York gambler associated with Arnold Rothstein and Frank Costello. He later ran gambling operations for the Genovese crime family in New Orleans. | [2] |
Andrei Katz | No image available |
1952–1975 | 1960s–1970s | Romanian-born mobster associated with the Gambino crime family. Killed by the DeMeo crew in 1975 after agreeing to become a government informant. | |
Jacob Katzenberg | No image available |
1888-? | 1920s–1930s | New York organized crime figure who supplied narcotics to mobsters throughout the United States during the 1920s and 30s. | |
Irving Kaye | No image available |
?-1977 | 1950s–1970s | New York crew member of Longy Zwillman[17] and coin-op business partner of Gerardo Catena.[18] | |
Harry Keywell | No image available |
1910–1997 | 1920s–1930s | Detroit mobster and member of the Purple Gang. A suspect in the St. Valentine's Day Massacre and later convicted of Collingwood Manor Massacre in 1931. | [2][12] |
Philip Kovolick | No image available |
1908–1971 | 1920s–1970s | New York mobster associated with labor racketeer Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1920s and 30s. He was a member of Murder Inc. until his conviction on narcotics charges in 1941. | |
Whitey Krakow | No image available |
d. 1941 | 1920s–1930s | Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. He was a suspect in the 1939 gangland slaying of Harry "Big Greenie" Greenberg. | |
Louis Kravits | No image available |
fl. 1933–1939 | 1930s | New York labor racketeer and drug trafficker involved in a major heroin operation with Jack Lvovsky and Yasha Katzenberg during the early 1930s. Later testified against Lepke Buchalter at his trial. | [1][5] |
Martin Krugman | No image available |
1919–1979 | 1970s | Bookmaker and associate of the Lucchese crime family during the 1970s. Disappeared and presumably killed following the Lufthansa heist in 1978. | |
Hyman Lamer | No image available |
fl. 1959–1974 | 1950s–1970s | A close associate of Sam Giancana, he headed gambling and smuggling operations for the Chicago Outfit during the 1960s and 70s. | |
Abe Landau | No image available |
1898–1935 | 1920s–1930s | Lieutenant of New York mobster Dutch Schultz. | [1][2][5][9][10] |
Meyer Lansky | ![]() |
1902–1983 | 1910s–1970s | One of the major underworld figures of the 20th century. He was involved in the formation of the National Crime Syndicate and helped organize syndicate gambling operations in Cuba and Las Vegas. | [1][2][5][6][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] |
Samuel "Red" Levine | 1903–1972 | 1920s–1930s | Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Involved in the 1931 murders of Abraham "Bo" Weinberg, Joe Masseria and Salvatore Maranzano. | [1][10] | |
John "Spanish Louie" Lewis | No image available |
d. 1910 | 1900s | Gunman/stick up artist at turn of century. | Wikipedia article |
Vach "Cyclone Louie" Lewis | No image available |
d. 1908 | 1900s | A former circus strongman and bodyguard of New York gang leader Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach. He and Zwerbach were gunned down by Louie the Lump at Coney Island in 1908. | [1] |
Joseph Linsey | No image available |
1899–1994 | 1920s–1970s | Lieutenant of Boston mobster Charles Solomon during Prohibition. After Solomon's death in 1933, he and other associates split Solomon's territory between themselves. | |
William Lipshitz | No image available |
1910s–1920s | Newsboy turned gangster, he murdered labor racketeer Benjamin Levinsky on behalf of Nathan Kaplan in 1922. | [19] | |
Seymour Magoon | No image available |
d. 1940 | 1920s–1930s | Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Later became a state witness and corroborated Reles' testimony. | [5][10] |
Harry Maione | No image available |
1908–1942 | 1920s–1930s | Hitman and member of Murder Incorporated. Participated in the murders of the Shapiro Brothers and George Rudnick. | [5] |
Hyman "Pittsburgh Hymie" Martin | No image available |
1903–1987 | 1920s–1930s | Pittsburgh mobster associated with Moe Davis and Lou Rothkopf. Acquitted for the 1931 murder of Cleveland city councilman William E. Potter. | [2] |
Samuel "Nails" Morton | No image available |
1894–1923 | 1910s–1920s | A former World War I war hero, Weiss was among Dion O'Bannion's top enforcers in the North Side Gang during the early 1920s. | [1][6][7][9] |
Max Mermelstein | No image available |
1942-2008 | 1970s-1980s | A drug smuggler for the Medellín Cartel in the late 70s and early 80s, who later became a key informant against the organization. | |
Boris Nayfeld | No image available |
1970s–1990s | Russian-born mobster and heroin smuggler in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn during the 1970s and 80s. He and Monya Elson later waged a gang war over Brighton Beach. | ||
Jacob "Little Augie" Orgen | ![]() |
1901–1927 | 1900s–1920s | New York gangster involved in bootlegging and labor racketeering during Prohibition. He took control of the garment district from Nathan Kaplan at the end of the end of the third labor sluggers war. Killed by his former associates Lepke Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro in 1927. | [1][5][6][10] |
Philip "Pinchy" Paul | No image available |
d. 1914 | 1900s–1910s | New York labor racketeer who headed a coalition of independent gangs against Joseph Rosenzweig and Benjamin Fein during the first labor sluggers war. | |
Leonard Patrick | No image available |
1913–2006 | 1920s–1990s | One-time member of the Chicago Outfit involved in bookmaking and extortion with Gus Alex. Agreed to become a government witness in 1992. | |
Joseph Reinfeld | No image available |
Early, major bootlegger in the northeast US; Established connections with the Bronfmans in Canada and brought Longy Zwillman into the bootlegging empire that Zwillman eventually took over. After Prohibition, went legitimate, establishing the largest wholesale liquor distributorship in NJ. | |||
Abe "Kid Twist" Reles | ![]() |
1906–1941 | 1921–1940 | One of the most feared hitmen of Murder Incorporated during the 1930s, he later became a government witness and was responsible for sending many of his former partners to the electric chair. Died under suspicious circumstances while in protective custody in 1941. | [1][2][4][5][6][9][10][13] |
Harry Rosen | No image available |
1920s–1950s | Major bootlegger in Philadelphia during Prohibition. He was a member of the Big Seven and later involved in drug trafficking with Meyer Lansky during the 1930s. | [2][7] | |
Chris Rosenberg | File:250px-Harveyrosenberg.jpg | 1950–1979 | 1970s | A member of the Gambino crime family's DeMeo crew during the 1970s. He was later killed by DeMeo to cover up the murder of Colombian drug cartel members. | |
Bernard Rosencrantz | No image available |
1902–1935 | 1920s–1930s | Bodyguard and chauffeur of New York mobster Dutch Schultz. | [2][5] |
Frank "Lefty" Rosenthal | 1929–2008 | 1960s–1980s | One of the top sports handicappers in the United States during his lifetime. Secretly ran several syndicate casinos for the Chicago Outfit, most notably the Stardust, throughout the 1960s and 70s. | [2][11] | |
Joseph "Joe the Greaser" Rosenzweig | No image available |
1891-? | 1910s | New York labor racketeer allied with "Dopey" Benny Fein during the first labor slugger war. | [1] |
Lou Rothkopf | No image available |
1920s–1930s | Longtime associate of Meyer Lansky, he was a member of the Bug and Meyer Mob during Prohibition. Later ran syndicate gambling operations in Cleveland with Moe Dalitz, Jack Licavoli, Maurice Kleinman and Thomas Joseph McGinty (aka T.J. McGinty). | [2][6][7][8] | |
Arnold "The Brain" Rothstein | 1882–1928 | 1900s–1920s | One of the first major underworld figures in New York during the early 20th century. Widely reputed to have been behind the Black Sox scandal of 1919. | [1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][13] | |
Morris Rudensky | No image available |
1898–1988 | 1920s | Prominent cat burglar and safe-cracker | |
Harry "Doc Jasper" Sagansky | No image available |
1898–1997 | 1920s–1990s | Ran one of the largest bookmaking operations in Boston during the 1950s. At the time of his imprisonment in 1988, at age 91, he was the oldest organized crime figure to serve a federal prison sentence. | |
Arthur "Dutch Schultz" Flegenheimer | 1902–1935 | 1910s–1930s | Headed bootlegging and policy rackets in New York during the 1920s and 30s. | [1][2][4][5][6][7][9][10][12][13] | |
Moe Sedway | 1894–1952 | 1920s–1950s | Lieutenant of New York mobster Meyer Lansky. Later involved in running syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s and 50s. | [2] | |
Irving, Meyer and William Shapiro | 1904–1931 (Irving) 1908–1931 (Meyer) 1911–1934 (William) |
1920s–1930s | Rivals of Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the late 1920s and 1930s. Irving and Meyer Shapiro were killed after initiating a gang war with Buchalter and Shapiro in 1931. William Shapiro was eventually murdered by Murder Inc. in 1934. | [2][5] | |
Jacob "Gurrah" Shapiro | 1899–1947 | 1910s–1940s | He and Louis Buchalter controlled industrial labor racketeering in New York during the 1920s and 30s. Shapiro also helped establish Murder Incorporated. Died in prison in 1947. | [1][2][5][6][8][9][10] | |
Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel | ![]() |
1906–1947 | 1910s–1940s | New York mobster associated with Meyer Lansky, Frank Costello and Charles "Lucky" Luciano during Prohibition. Credited for the creation of syndicate casinos in Las Vegas during the 1940s. | [1][2][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][13][14] |
Charles "King" Solomon | No image available |
1884–1933 | 1900s–1930s | He and Irish gangster Dan Carroll controlled bootlegging, narcotics and illegal gambling in Boston during Prohibition. Killed at the Cotton Club by rival mobsters in 1933. | [1][6][7][9][20] |
John "Johnny Spanish" Wheiler | No image available |
1891–1919 | 1900s–1910s | A former member of the Five Points Gang, he and "Kid Dropper" Nathan Kaplan battled over New York's garment district during the Second Labor Sluggers War. | [1][6] |
Joseph "Doc" Stacher | No image available |
1902–1977 | 1920s–1960s | An associate of Abner Zwillman and Meyer Lansky. Assisted Lansky in organizing the Atlantic City Conference and later in financing syndicate casinos in Las Vegas. Deported from the US in 1964 and later emigrated to Israel where he died years later. | [1][2][6][10] |
Harry "Pittsburgh Phil" Strauss | No image available |
1909–1941 | 1927–1941 | Hitman and member of Murder Inc. credited with the murder of Irving Feinstein and at least five other gangland slayings. Sent to the electric chair at Sing Sing in 1941. | [1][4][5][6][10] |
Albert "Tick–tock" Tannenbaum | No image available |
1906–1976 | 1920s–1950s | Enforcer and hitman for Lepke Buchalter during the 1920s and 30s. A member of Murder Inc., he was responsible for the 1939 murder of Harry Greenberg. | [1][4][5][10] |
Benjamin Tannenbaum | No image available |
1906–1941 | 1920s–1930s | Mob accountant for New York labor racketeers Louis Buchalter and Jacob Shapiro during the 1920s and 30s. Murdered by members of Murder Inc. in 1941 while babysitting for a friend. | [5] |
Abraham Telvi | 1934–1956 | 1950s | Hitman for New York labor racketeer Johnny Dio. Responsible for blinding crusading New York journalist Victor Riesel with acid in 1956. | ||
Harry Tietlebaum | No image available |
1889-? | 1920s–1930s | An associate of the Bug and Meyer Mob during Prohibition. Later part of a major heroin smuggling operation with Meyer Lansky and Harry "Nig" Rosen during the early 1930s. | |
Joseph Toplinsky | No image available |
1879-? | 1900s–1930s | He, along with Jacob Levinsky and Charles Vitoffsky, led a criminal organization in New York's Lower East Side known as the Yiddish Black Hand around the start of the 20th century. | |
Joseph Weil | No image available |
1875-1976 | 1892–1940 | Confidence man. aka "The Yellow Kidd". Served a Jail sentence in Atlanta Prison 1940-1942. | |
Abraham Weinberg | 1897–1935? | 1920s–1930s | Hitman and chief lieutenant for New York mobster Dutch Schultz during Prohibition. Disappeared in 1935 and long presumed to have been killed by the mob. | [5] | |
George Weinberg | No image available |
1901–1939 | 1920s–1930s | Younger brother of Schultz' gunman Abraham Weinberg. After his brother's disappearance in 1935, he agreed to become a government witness but committed suicide while in police custody in 1939. | [5] |
Emanuel Weiss | ![]() |
1906–1944 | 1920s–1930s | An enforcer for New York labor racketeer Louis "Lepke" Buchalter during the 1920s. He was also a member of Murder Inc. up until his arrest in 1940. | [4][5] |
Samuel Weiss | No image available |
1904-? | 1920s–1930s | Hired gunman associated with New York labor racketeer Jacob Orgen during the third Labor Slugger War. Investigated for extortion by District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey during the late-1930s. | |
Jack "Big Jack" Zelig | ![]() |
1882–1912 | 1890s–1910s | Start of the 20th century gangster and one-time leader of the Eastman Gang. Killed by Phil Davidson shortly before his testimony in the Charles Becker murder trial in 1912. | [1][10] |
Jack Zuta | ![]() |
1888–1930 | 1910s–1920s | Mob accountant and political "fixer" for the Chicago Outfit during Prohibition. | [7] |
Max "Kid Twist" Zwerbach | d. 1908 | 1890s–1900s | New York gangster and head of the Eastman Gang after the arrest of Monk Eastman in 1904. Engaging in a feud with the Five Points Gang, he and his bodyguard were gunned down by Louie the Lump at Coney Island in 1908. | [1] | |
Abner "Longy" Zwillman | 1891–1959 | 1910s–1950s | Prohibition gangster. Popularly known as the "Al Capone of New Jersey", he was a founding member of the "Big Seven" Ruling Commission. He was also associated with Murder Inc. | [1][2][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][14] |
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Fried, Albert. The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Gangster in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1980. ISBN 978-0-231-09683-6
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Newton, Michael. Mr. Mob: The Life and Crimes of Moe Dalitz. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland, 2009. ISBN 978-0-7864-3516-6
- ^ A Report on Chicago Crime {Chicago Crime Commission}" p.66
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Abramovitch, Ilana. Jews of Brooklyn. Hanover and London: University Press of New England, 2001. ISBN 978-1-58465-003-4
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae Block, Alan A. East Side, West Side: Organizing Crime in New York, 1930–1950. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Books, 1983. ISBN 978-0-87855-931-2
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Da Capo Press, 2005. ISBN 978-0-8160-5694-1
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Johnson, Curt and R. Craig Sautter. The Wicked City: Chicago from Kenna to Capone. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. (pg. 203-204) ISBN 978-0-306-80821-0
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Woodiwiss, Michael. Organized Crime and American Power: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8020-8278-7
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Reppetto, Thomas A. American Mafia: A History of Its Rise to Power. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2004. ISBN 978-0-8050-7798-8
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Cohen, Rich. Tough Jews: Fathers, Sons, and Gangster Dreams. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998. ISBN 978-0-684-83115-2
- ^ a b c d e f g Farrell, Ronald A. and Carole Case. The Black Book and the Mob: The Untold Story of the Control of Nevada's Casinos. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-299-14754-9
- ^ a b c d e f Rockaway, Robert A. But He Was Good to His Mother: The Lives and Crimes of Jewish Gangsters. Jerusalem: Gefen Publishing House, 1993. ISBN 978-965-229-092-2
- ^ a b c d e f Rubin, Rachel. Jewish Gangsters of Modern Literature. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0-252-02539-6
- ^ a b c d e f g Willis, Clint. Wise Guys: Stories of Mobsters from Jersey to Vegas. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1-56025-498-0
- ^ Friedman, Robert I. (May 26, 1998). "The Most Dangerous Mobster in the World". The Village Voice. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ Claffey, Mike (August 24, 1996). "Russian In Mob Rap". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
- ^ http://vault.fbi.gov/Abner%20Zwillman/Abner%20Zwillman%20Part%202%20of%207
- ^ http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/njar/v10/p0356.pdf
- ^ Carey, Arthur A. Memoirs of a Murder Man. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1930.
- ^ Fox, Stephen. Blood and Power: Organized Crime in Twentieth Century America. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.
Further reading
- Block, Alan A. Lepke, Kid Twist, and the Combination: Organized Crime in New York City, 1930–1944. 1976.
- Sadowsky, Sandy. Wedded to Crime: My Life in the Jewish Mafia. 1992.